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The Social Constructions Of Musical Listening: Audience Etiquette From The Nineteenth Century To Today, Catherine Elise Balsamo Apr 2026

The Social Constructions Of Musical Listening: Audience Etiquette From The Nineteenth Century To Today, Catherine Elise Balsamo

Electronic Theses and Dissertations Archive

Audiences and performers of the twenty-first century are primarily of the belief that the cultural norms of the concert hall are rules of etiquette that have been codified for centuries when they are newer than we think. Researchers have studied the background of audience behavioral trends to try to trace back to when the rules of audience etiquette became commonplace, with some scholars citing the French Revolution as a primary catalyst and others tying it to nineteenth and twentieth century conductor “cults.” By analyzing primary source material and synthesizing existing research on cultural shifts in the Western concert hall, I …


Tone And Resonance In The Congregational Singing Pedagogical Strategies For The Church Choir Context, Karen Zeferino Apr 2026

Tone And Resonance In The Congregational Singing Pedagogical Strategies For The Church Choir Context, Karen Zeferino

Electronic Theses and Dissertations Archive

This study explores pedagogical strategies in vocal technique for church choir. In the context of church choral ensembles, congregational singing plays a crucial role in worship, fostering community building. Therefore, developing vocal tone and resonance is essential for enhancing both musical expression and participant engagement. This dissertation argues that, despite the limitations of weekly rehearsal time, church choir directors should prioritize specific vocal exercises to address members' interests in improving tone, blend, vowel, and resonance. By incorporating pedagogical strategies tailored to the church setting, directors can promote individual vocal growth without extending rehearsal sessions. Drawing on vocal pedagogy literature and …


Evolution Of Korean Dansaekhwa Monochrome Painting: Are Contemporary Korean Artists Still Carrying The Torch?, Mary Anne Mccraw Apr 2026

Evolution Of Korean Dansaekhwa Monochrome Painting: Are Contemporary Korean Artists Still Carrying The Torch?, Mary Anne Mccraw

Electronic Theses and Dissertations Archive

The first abstract and uniquely Korean artistic movement to emerge from South Korea, Korean Dansaekhwa is now globally popular and can be considered the embodiment of Korean contemporary art. The original founders developed a practice that was groundbreaking in its significance, involving both a new relationship between art and materials and a distinctly Korean ideology. Dansaekhwa artists in the 1960s and 1970s imbued their painting rituals with an intense study of the materiality of the art tools and supplies, infused it with the Korean meditative practice of ancient ink painting and calligraphy, and immersed it with a connection to nature. …


Civil, Construction, And Environmental Engineering Apr 2026 Self-Study Report & Documents, Unm Academic Program Review Apr 2026

Civil, Construction, And Environmental Engineering Apr 2026 Self-Study Report & Documents, Unm Academic Program Review

UNM Academic Program Review

Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering APR self-study report, review team report, response report, and initial action plan for AY2025, fulfilling requirements of the Higher Learning Commission.


Philosophy Apr 2026 Self-Study Report & Documents, Unm Academic Program Review Apr 2026

Philosophy Apr 2026 Self-Study Report & Documents, Unm Academic Program Review

UNM Academic Program Review

Philosophy APR self-study report, review team report, response report, and initial action plan for AY2025, fulfilling requirements of the Higher Learning Commission.


Public Policy Apr 2025 Self-Study Report & Documents, Unm Academic Program Review Apr 2026

Public Policy Apr 2025 Self-Study Report & Documents, Unm Academic Program Review

UNM Academic Program Review

Public Policy APR self-study report, review team report, response report, and initial action plan for AY2025, fulfilling requirements of the Higher Learning Commission.


Geography And Environmental Studies Apr 2025 Self-Study Report & Documents, Unm Academic Program Review Apr 2026

Geography And Environmental Studies Apr 2025 Self-Study Report & Documents, Unm Academic Program Review

UNM Academic Program Review

NM Geography and Environmental Studies APR self-study report, review team report, response report, and initial action plan for AY2025, fulfilling requirements of the Higher Learning Commission.


Film And Digital Arts Apr 2025 Self-Study Report & Documents, Unm Academic Program Review Apr 2026

Film And Digital Arts Apr 2025 Self-Study Report & Documents, Unm Academic Program Review

UNM Academic Program Review

NM Film and Digital Arts APR self-study report, review team report, response report, and initial action plan for AY2025, fulfilling requirements of the Higher Learning Commission.


How Do Social Network Models Compare To All-To-All Models For Forecasting Tuberculosis Epidemics? A Mathematical Modeling Study, Masabho Peter Milali, Hae-Young Kim, George Corliss, Anna Bershteyn Apr 2026

How Do Social Network Models Compare To All-To-All Models For Forecasting Tuberculosis Epidemics? A Mathematical Modeling Study, Masabho Peter Milali, Hae-Young Kim, George Corliss, Anna Bershteyn

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Background. Mathematical models guide tuberculosis (TB) target-setting, yet most assume homogeneous “all-to-all” mixing. We compared projected intervention impacts between an all-to-all compartmental model and a Barabási–Albert (BA) scale‑free social network model under otherwise identical disease assumptions.

Methods. We calibrated transmission parameters so both models produced similar baseline trends, then introduced vaccination (coverage 30–70%; efficacy 80–95%) and treatment (20–50% increases in recovery) after a 400‑day burn‑in. Outcomes were assessed 300 days post‑intervention.

Results. Under 60% coverage, increasing vaccine efficacy from 80% to 95% yielded smaller projected reductions in active TB with the network model than with all‑to‑all mixing. Treatment improvements showed …


Sharksrx Newsletter Spring 2026, Nova Southeastern University Apr 2026

Sharksrx Newsletter Spring 2026, Nova Southeastern University

NSU Sharks Rx

No abstract provided.


State: The Magazine Of Illinois State University, Spring 2026, Illinois State University, University Marketing And Communications Apr 2026

State: The Magazine Of Illinois State University, Spring 2026, Illinois State University, University Marketing And Communications

State: The Magazine of Illinois State University (1999-present)

Illinois State University alumni magazine


Assessment Of Thickness-Dependent Recombination Mechanisms And Realistic Performance Limits In Csbi₃I₁₀ Lead-Free Perovskite Solar Cells, Samiul Sadek, Ayan Saha, Jegadesan Subbiah, Mohammad Tariqul Islam, Mohammad Junaebur Rashid, Mohammad Aminul Islam, Gufran Umar Alam Shaikh, Wan Zulhafizhazuan Bin Wan Jusoh, Mohammad Nur-E-Alam, Puvaneswaran Chelvanathan, Mohd Adib Ibrahim Apr 2026

Assessment Of Thickness-Dependent Recombination Mechanisms And Realistic Performance Limits In Csbi₃I₁₀ Lead-Free Perovskite Solar Cells, Samiul Sadek, Ayan Saha, Jegadesan Subbiah, Mohammad Tariqul Islam, Mohammad Junaebur Rashid, Mohammad Aminul Islam, Gufran Umar Alam Shaikh, Wan Zulhafizhazuan Bin Wan Jusoh, Mohammad Nur-E-Alam, Puvaneswaran Chelvanathan, Mohd Adib Ibrahim

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Lead-free perovskite solar cells (PSCs) offer a promising, environmentally sustainable alternative to their lead-based counterparts, yet their performance is often constrained by charge transport and recombination limitations. This study presents a comprehensive numerical investigation into the thickness-dependent performance of lead-free bismuth-based PSCs employing CsBi₃I₁₀ as the absorber layer. Through systematic variation of the absorber, electron transport layer (ETL), and hole transport layer (HTL) thicknesses within a planar FTO/TiO₂/CsBi₃I₁₀/Spiro-OMeTAD/Ag architecture modeled using SCAPS-1D, an optimal absorber thickness range of 0.5–1.0 µm is identified. Under idealized conditions, a peak power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.62% is predicted, primarily to illustrate thickness-dependent trends. …


Relational Practices Underpinning Person-Centred Care In Long-Term Residential Care Settings., Gary Hodge, Sam Ebden, Susie Pearce Apr 2026

Relational Practices Underpinning Person-Centred Care In Long-Term Residential Care Settings., Gary Hodge, Sam Ebden, Susie Pearce

School of Nursing and Midwifery

Recent figures indicate that there are just over 441,000 people living in long-term residential care homes across the United Kingdom (UK) (Berg, 2025), of which 70% are living with dementia or a severe cognitive impairment (Alzheimer’s Society, 2024). The percentage of people living in permanent residential aged care with dementia in Australia is slightly lower (54%) but still represents most residents and is rising (AIHW, 2025; Dementia Australia, 2025).This article is based on the findings and reflections of a qualitative multiple-case study exploring person-centred care across seven residential care homes in the United Kingdom (UK; Hodge et al., 2023). Findings …


Sounding W. B. Yeats’S “Cuchulain Comforted”, David Sergeant Apr 2026

Sounding W. B. Yeats’S “Cuchulain Comforted”, David Sergeant

School of Law, Humanities and Social Sciences

No abstract provided.


Evidence Base To Inform Health Service Configuration For Abortion Provision: The Sacha (Shaping Abortion For Change) Multi-Component Study, Kaye Wellings, Rebecca S. French, Annette Aronsson, Paula Baraitser, Sharon Cameron, Caroline Free, Louise Keogh, Maria Lewandowska, Patricia Lohr, Rebecca Meiksin, Ona Mccarthy, Clare Murphy, Wendy Norman, Melissa Palmer, Jennifer Reiter, Natasha Salaria, Rachel Scott, Jill Shawe, Sally Sheldon, Geoff Wong Apr 2026

Evidence Base To Inform Health Service Configuration For Abortion Provision: The Sacha (Shaping Abortion For Change) Multi-Component Study, Kaye Wellings, Rebecca S. French, Annette Aronsson, Paula Baraitser, Sharon Cameron, Caroline Free, Louise Keogh, Maria Lewandowska, Patricia Lohr, Rebecca Meiksin, Ona Mccarthy, Clare Murphy, Wendy Norman, Melissa Palmer, Jennifer Reiter, Natasha Salaria, Rachel Scott, Jill Shawe, Sally Sheldon, Geoff Wong

School of Nursing and Midwifery

Background: Significant changes to the nature and context of abortion provision are taking place in the United Kingdom. Empirical evidence is needed to guide efforts to respond to these changes. Objective(s): To provide an evidence base to inform optimal configuration of health services and systems in response to current and future changes in abortion provision in the UK. Design and methods: Observational study comprising five integrated components: (1) a realist review to generate evidence to guide optimal abortion provision and a scoping review of interventions aimed at preparing non-specialist health professionals to provide abortion care and support; (2) country-based case studies identifying transferable …


Integrated Biotechnological Strategies For Planetary Health And Ecosystem Restoration, Duygu T. Yildirim, A. Baki Yildirim, Donald Martin, Tommaso Beccari, Oscar Vicente, Iza Radecka, Fideline Tchuenbou-Magaia, Robert Marks, Ratnesh Lal, Satya Prakash, Adam Mechler, Mario Petrov Milkov, Svetlana Fotkova Georgieva, Ilia Iliev, Radka Kaneva, Nuriye Gokce, Galina Aleksieva Yaneva, Nadya Vasileva Agova, Nikoleta Dobromirova Ivanova, Izem Olcay Sahin, Mariya Kiryakova Tsvetkova, Ivelin Rosenov Iliev, Michel Salzet, Kisung Ko, Michele Maffia, Matteo Bertelli, Isabelle Fournier, Lejla Pojskic, Qun Sun, Lembit Nei, Reynir Armgrisson Apr 2026

Integrated Biotechnological Strategies For Planetary Health And Ecosystem Restoration, Duygu T. Yildirim, A. Baki Yildirim, Donald Martin, Tommaso Beccari, Oscar Vicente, Iza Radecka, Fideline Tchuenbou-Magaia, Robert Marks, Ratnesh Lal, Satya Prakash, Adam Mechler, Mario Petrov Milkov, Svetlana Fotkova Georgieva, Ilia Iliev, Radka Kaneva, Nuriye Gokce, Galina Aleksieva Yaneva, Nadya Vasileva Agova, Nikoleta Dobromirova Ivanova, Izem Olcay Sahin, Mariya Kiryakova Tsvetkova, Ivelin Rosenov Iliev, Michel Salzet, Kisung Ko, Michele Maffia, Matteo Bertelli, Isabelle Fournier, Lejla Pojskic, Qun Sun, Lembit Nei, Reynir Armgrisson

Research Outputs: 2025-Present

The escalation of ecological degradation, marked by climatic instability, precipitous biodiversity loss, and systemic chemical infiltration, necessitates a shift toward integrated biotechnological intervention. This analysis considers how the trajectory of diverse advanced methodologies, including environmental DNA (eDNA) surveillance, CRISPR-based genetic restitution, and synthetic biology-driven bioremediation, might be synthesized into a unified Planetary Health Framework. By exploring the convergence of high-precision genomic engineering, AI-augmented bioinformatic modeling, and the tenets of a circular bio-economy, we examine the capacity of technological intervention to ameliorate ecological stressors and restore critical ecosystems. Moving beyond the constraints of conventional conservation, this discourse explores frontier solutions in …


Weakly Supervised Video Anomaly Detection And Localization With Spatio-Temporal Prompts, Peng Wu, Xuerong Zhou, Guansong Pang, Zhiwei Yang, Qingsen Yan, Peng Wang, Yanning Zhang Apr 2026

Weakly Supervised Video Anomaly Detection And Localization With Spatio-Temporal Prompts, Peng Wu, Xuerong Zhou, Guansong Pang, Zhiwei Yang, Qingsen Yan, Peng Wang, Yanning Zhang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Current weakly supervised video anomaly detection (WSVAD) task aims to achieve frame-level anomalous event detection with only coarse video-level annotations available. Existing works typically involve extracting global features from full-resolution video frames and training frame-level classifiers to detect anomalies in the temporal dimension. However, most anomalous events tend to occur in localized spatial regions rather than the entire video frames, which implies existing frame-level feature based works may be misled by the dominant background information and lack the interpretation of the detected anomalies. To address this dilemma, this paper introduces a novel method called STPrompt that learns spatio-temporal prompt embeddings …


Patchgpt: Multi-Agent Patch Backporting Without Model Fine-Tuning, Ye Liu, Ruidong Han, Chengyan Ma, Yuqing Niu, David Lo Apr 2026

Patchgpt: Multi-Agent Patch Backporting Without Model Fine-Tuning, Ye Liu, Ruidong Han, Chengyan Ma, Yuqing Niu, David Lo

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Patch backporting is crucial and prevalent in the maintenance of modern open-source software such as Linux kernels and forked repositories. However, porting patches across program versions remains a challenging problem due to the complexity of synergizing diverse patches with divergent program versions. In this paper, we propose PatchGPT, an agentic patch backporting framework for fine-grained patch generation. PatchGPT encompasses three agents: Miner for decomposing a sequence of atomic change steps as the original patch plan, Adapter for adapting the patch plan, and Executor for executing the adapted patch plan according to predefined change semantics. We conduct experiments on the PPatHF’s …


Rising Oil Prices In The Philippines: Why A Targeted Uplift Response Is Preferable To Broad Price Suppression, Marites M. Tiongco, Caesar B. Cororaton, Francine Ysabel D. Gañgan Apr 2026

Rising Oil Prices In The Philippines: Why A Targeted Uplift Response Is Preferable To Broad Price Suppression, Marites M. Tiongco, Caesar B. Cororaton, Francine Ysabel D. Gañgan

Angelo King Institute for Economic and Business Studies (AKI)

Global oil prices have risen sharply following the escalation of renewed geopolitical conflict and severe disruption in the Strait of Hormuz, a critical maritime route for global energy shipments. From a pre-conflict level of approximately US$72 per barrel, Brent crude has surged to nearly US$150 per barrel as of mid-April 2026 (Reuters, 2026), a roughly twofold increase, as tanker attacks and fears of sustained supply disruption persist despite a large coordinated reserve release by the International Energy Agency.

For the Philippines, this matters because the country remains heavily dependent on imported petroleum and is vulnerable to external shocks in shipping, …


Fully Decentralized Hierarchical Federated Learning At The Edge With Post-Quantum Secure Communication, Tariq Qayyum Apr 2026

Fully Decentralized Hierarchical Federated Learning At The Edge With Post-Quantum Secure Communication, Tariq Qayyum

Dissertations

Federated learning (FL) enables collaborative model training without centralizing raw data, but deploying FL at scale in real edge environments remains challenging because iterative training and aggregation must operate over heterogeneous, resource-constrained, and often mobile devices with time-varying connectivity. Conventional hierarchical federated learning (HFL) partially mitigates communication cost by introducing fog/edge aggregation, yet many designs retain cloud-based global aggregation and cloud-centric coordination. This places wide-area network latency on the critical path of every training round, creates a single point of failure, and limits responsiveness as model sizes and federation scale grow. Moreover, moving coordination and aggregation closer to the edge …


Traditional And Machine-Learning Equalization Techniques For Bandwidth-Limited Short-Reach Optical Communication Channels, Abdullah Khawatmi Apr 2026

Traditional And Machine-Learning Equalization Techniques For Bandwidth-Limited Short-Reach Optical Communication Channels, Abdullah Khawatmi

Theses

This thesis investigates equalization techniques for bandwidth-limited short-reach optical communication systems, with a focus on Visible Light Communication (VLC) and Step-Index Plastic Optical Fiber (SI-POF) links. Commercial light-emitting diodes and photodiode receivers impose severe bandwidth constraints, inter-symbol interference, and noise sensitivity, which fundamentally limit achievable data rates. The work addresses these impairments through systematic evaluation of traditional digital signal processing–based equalizers and modern machine-learning-based post-equalization methods. The primary aim of this thesis is to enhance the achievable data rate and reliability of commercial short-reach optical links while maintaining practical computational complexity. Specifically, the objectives are to (i) design and experimentally …


Efficient Energy Management In Networked Microgrids Using Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning In The Presence Of Uncertainties, Ayodele Benjamin Chukwuyem Apr 2026

Efficient Energy Management In Networked Microgrids Using Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning In The Presence Of Uncertainties, Ayodele Benjamin Chukwuyem

Dissertations

Microgrid technology is essential in facilitating the transition to smart energy grids in developed countries and mitigating energy poverty in developing countries, particularly in areas where grid extensions are not feasible. Recently, the concept of networked microgrids (NMGs) has garnered tremendous attention due to the plausibility of interactions among interconnected microgrids leading to power networks that are more resilient, reliable, and stable. However, because each microgrid has diverse distributed generation resources (renewables and controllable generators) and each microgrid operator (MO) has different objectives, coordinated energy management is required to satisfy local and system-wide goals under conditions with significant uncertainty. Existing …


The Anchored: Issue 3, Spring 2026, Writer's Club Of The Hope-Western Prison Education Program Apr 2026

The Anchored: Issue 3, Spring 2026, Writer's Club Of The Hope-Western Prison Education Program

The Anchored

The Anchored is a quarterly publication of the Writer’s Club of the Hope-Western Prison Education Program.


Analysis Of A Coaxial Transmission Line Filled With An Orthorhombic Dielectric-Magnetic Medium, Fathima Manikunnath Abdul Akbar Apr 2026

Analysis Of A Coaxial Transmission Line Filled With An Orthorhombic Dielectric-Magnetic Medium, Fathima Manikunnath Abdul Akbar

Theses

Coaxial transmission lines are fundamental means for Transverse Electromagnetic (TEM) wave propagation in RF, microwave and high-speed electronic systems. The study of transmission lines is often familiar when they are filled with isotropic materials; however modern engineered direction dependent materials reshape field distributions. In this thesis, we consider a coaxial transmission line of an inner radius and outer radius b filled with an orthorhombic dielectric-magnetic material, which is described by two anisotropy parameters αx and αy. The potential and field distributions are studied in relation to the ratio b/a as well as the anisotropy parameters αx and αy. Due to …


Breath-Based Detection Of Liver Cancer Biomarkers Using An Swcnt-Fet Nano-Biosensor: Quantumatk, Mohamed Mohieb Rashdan Apr 2026

Breath-Based Detection Of Liver Cancer Biomarkers Using An Swcnt-Fet Nano-Biosensor: Quantumatk, Mohamed Mohieb Rashdan

Theses

Early detection of liver cancer remains limited by the slow pace and invasiveness of current testing methods. This study proposes a single-walled carbon nanotube field-effect transistor (SWCNT-FET) designed to detect hexanal—a volatile organic compound (VOC) elevated in liver cancer—directly from exhaled breath. The device is modeled in QuantumATK using a semi-empirical Extended Hückel Hamiltonian within the non-equilibrium Green's function (NEGF) framework, emphasizing realistic contact physics by employing metallic SWCNT electrodes instead of conventional metal films. Zigzag channels with (11,0) and (12,0) chiralities are examined to analyze how geometry and contact matching influence charge transport. Simulations include current–voltage (I–V) characteristics and …


Modeling And Autonomous Control Systems For A Delivery Drone Application, Dana Helal Alnuaimi Apr 2026

Modeling And Autonomous Control Systems For A Delivery Drone Application, Dana Helal Alnuaimi

Theses

This thesis focuses on the development of a multi-drone navigation and control system, aiming to enhance payload capacities beyond the limits of single-drone systems. By integrating multiple drones to work collaboratively as a unit, this study addresses the challenges associated with lifting and transporting heavier payloads.

The primary objective is to design and evaluate a multi-drone system capable of working in tandem to transport larger payloads efficiently. The research aims to develop robust control algorithms, supported by system identification for dynamic modeling, and navigation strategies to enable effective coordination between drones.

The study employs a combination of simulation and real-world …


Advancement And Characterization Of Next-Generation Solid-State Photon-Counting Image Sensors For Astrophysics Applications, Nicholas R. Shade Apr 2026

Advancement And Characterization Of Next-Generation Solid-State Photon-Counting Image Sensors For Astrophysics Applications, Nicholas R. Shade

Dartmouth College Ph.D Dissertations

Astronomers’ pursuit of detecting light from increasingly faint and distant objects in the expanse of space necessitates continuous improvement in signal-to-noise ratio of camera technology. Recent advancements in solid-state detector technologies have enabled the determination of photon-number, including single photon events, enabling observations at the fundamental limits of physics. These developments are instrumental not only for standard two-dimensional imaging but also for advanced spectroscopy, which increasingly drives future astrophysical applications. This thesis presents an evaluation of three next-generation silicon-based detectors capable of photon-counting with deep-sub-electron input-referred read noise: the electron-multiplying charge-coupled device (EMCCD), the single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD), and the …


Negotiating At A Distance: The Impact Of Communication Media And Negotiator Traits, Dorcas Quek Anderson, Tra My Ngo Apr 2026

Negotiating At A Distance: The Impact Of Communication Media And Negotiator Traits, Dorcas Quek Anderson, Tra My Ngo

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

Purpose – Prior research has yet to provide a coherent theoretical framework explaining how communication media hinder or advance negotiation success, and many dated studies are unlikely to be relevant. This study aims to examine the impact of four communication media on negotiation outcomes. It also examines the potential moderating effects of the following negotiator characteristics: conflict management style, personality traits and indirect communication style.Design/methodology/approach – A total of 400 participants formed 200 dyads to negotiate a mixed- motive relational conflict through face-to-face (FTF) interaction, videoconferencing, audio call or synchronous text messaging. Linear mixed regression was used to assess the …


Intelligent Deep Learning-Based Sign Language Translation System, Nada Rasem Shahin Apr 2026

Intelligent Deep Learning-Based Sign Language Translation System, Nada Rasem Shahin

Dissertations

The Deaf and Hard of Hearing (DHH) community uses sign language as a primary means of communication. However, the shortage of sign language interpreters and the existence of hundreds of sign languages limit accessibility and inclusion. Sign Language Machine Translation (SLMT) systems present a promising solution for bridging the communication gap between the DHH and the hearing individuals, supporting inclusive societies. In smart cities, such systems play an essential role in improving the quality of life on a community level. In particular, as the population’s well-being is critical, developing intelligent assistive technologies, such as SLMT systems, is necessary to provide …


Application Of The Tridiagonal Representation Approach And The J- Matrix Method Of Scattering In Theoretical Physics, Tunde Joseph Osunmusanmi Apr 2026

Application Of The Tridiagonal Representation Approach And The J- Matrix Method Of Scattering In Theoretical Physics, Tunde Joseph Osunmusanmi

Dissertations

This dissertation is about the application of the Tridiagonal Representation Approach (TRA) in handling linear phenomenons, and for the first time, the J-matrix method of scattering in handling nonlinear phenomenons. The TRA is an algebraic method for solving linear ordinary differential equations of the second order. The advantage of the method in being algebraic is reinforced by the analytic power of orthogonal polynomials and special functions. On the computational side, it is favored as being reliant on powerful numerical techniques that deal with tridiagonal matrices such as Gauss quadrature and continued fraction. In the method, the solution of the differential …