Digital Commons Network^™

The Drones Of Cds, Ryan Vilter, Tyler Mccoid, Lauren Bertelsen, Suat Cubukcu, George Grispos, Austin C. Doctor

Reports, Projects, and Research

The Sinaloa Cartel (Cártel de Sinaloa, or CDS) is based in the state of Sinaloa, Mexico, and is one of the most powerful transnational drug cartels in the world.  The CDS is responsible for the production and smuggling of illicit narcotics such as fentanyl, methamphetamine, cocaine, heroin, and marijuana. Outside of criminal drug activity, the CDS is also a violent organization, which utilizes weaponized Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) - also known as drones - for attacking various residential communities throughout Mexico, propagating fear and displacing many people.

The Drones Of Cjng, Ryan Vilter, Tyler Mccoid, Lauren Bertelsen, Suat Cubukcu, Joel Elson, George Grispos, Austin C. Doctor

Reports, Projects, and Research

The Jalisco New Generation Cartel (Cártel de Jalisco Nueva Generación, or CJNG), is a U.S.-designated Foreign Terror Organization (FTO) and transnational criminal organization with a presence throughout Mexico and in at least 40 other countries. CJNG’s criminal activity and related revenue streams are diverse and include narcotics and firearms trafficking, human smuggling, and natural resource theft. In tandem with its violent and criminal activities, CJNG has widely integrated commercial Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS), commonly referred to as drones, into its operations. Common UAS tactics by CJNG include weaponized attacks, surveilling U.S. and Mexican security and law enforcement personnel , and …

False Conflict: Colorblindness And Section 2 Of The Voting Rights Act, W. Kerrel Murray

Faculty Scholarship

If friends and foes of section 2 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 agree on one thing, it is the irrepressible conflict between section 2’s attention to race and constitutional colorblindness.  They’re wrong.  Rightly understood, section 2’s design is remarkably compatible with colorblind constitutionalism’s letter and spirit.

To show how, this Article first returns to section 2’s origins and the preexisting approach its text codifies.  That approach had an underappreciated ethos:  When intentional discrimination’s effects sufficiently distort a political system, an electoral rule’s results might impugn its unconstitutionality, even if the rule had been adopted without discriminatory purpose.  Drawing …

A Parsimonious Model Of Social Crm And Reciprocal Social Media Behaviors Among Colombian Consumers, Ainsworth Anthony Bailey Phd, Carolyn M. Bonifield Phd, Juliana Villegas Phd, Alejandro Arias Phd

AMTP Proceedings 2026

The current study explored Colombian consumers interactions and engagement with marketers on social media and the outcome of those interactions and engagement. In particular, the study explored the impact of marketers' support for social media interactions on perceived social customer relationship marketing (SCRM) commitment and consumer satisfaction, as well as their impact on eWOM and consumer social media engagement. The study's model had social exchange theory, commitment-trust theory of relationship marketing, and the S-O-R framework as theoretical underpinnings. Data to test the model's nine (9) hypotheses were collected by survey from among Colombian consumers. Analysis showed support for eight of …

The Acquisition, Consumption, And Disposal Of Clothing: A Qualitative Analysis, Omar H. Alqudsi, Trang Phuc Tran

AMTP Proceedings 2026

Using 22 semi-structured interviews on apparel acquisition, use, and disposal, we find that practical value dominates choice while identity cues matter at the margin. Price and comfort consistently outrank brand and trend. Disposal is purposeful: donation is favored when garments retain utility, with resale and recycling rising alongside sustainability awareness. Consumers often justify purchases as extensions of self yet report lower satisfaction when items lack durability or clear ethical provenance. These patterns align with utilitarian value frameworks and signal clear levers for marketers: durable basics, transparent sourcing, and simple channels for responsible end of life. Overall, everyday clothing decisions follow …

Fashion, Function, And Identity: Generation Z College Students’ Athletic Merchandise Preferences, Michelle L. Childs, Robin Hardin

AMTP Proceedings 2026

Generation Z consumers use apparel to communicate both group affiliation and individuality, yet limited research has examined whether preferences for university athletic merchandise differ by gender. This study investigates how Generation Z college students evaluate official branding, fashion, and uniqueness in athletic apparel. Survey data were collected from 777 students at a large NCAA Division I university. Exploratory factor analysis identified three reliable dimensions: official merchandise style, fashion, and uniqueness. ANOVA results indicated no significant gender differences in preferences for official merchandise or uniqueness. However, male students reported significantly stronger interest in fashionable and trend-forward merchandise than female students, challenging …

What Graduates See And What Employers Pay; Reconciling Salary Reporting And Total Compensation In Sales And Marketing, John Ertel, George Talbert Jr.

AMTP Proceedings 2026

College students frequently rely on university career centers for salary information when evaluating early-career opportunities. In sales, however, reported compensation figures often reflect base pay only and exclude performance-based earnings such as commissions and bonuses. This study uses a single-university case study to examine whether university-reported salary data for sales roles accurately represents total compensation. Institutional career center reports and national salary projections were compared with insights from employers, sales professionals, and recent graduates. Findings indicate that performance-based compensation constitutes a substantial portion of total earnings in sales roles but is frequently omitted from reported figures, leading to systematic understatement …

Customer-Centricity In The Financial Services Sector: A Preliminary Look, Rhea Ingram, Katie H. Whetstone

AMTP Proceedings 2026

Financial institutions are under scrutiny as they work to rebuild consumer trust following the financial crisis. One effective approach for these organizations is to adopt a customer-centric strategy. Research indicates that businesses with a strong focus on customer-centricity tend to earn, on average, 60% higher profits than their competitors (Deloitte, 2017). While genuinely customer-centric companies are relatively rare, many organizations are in the process of transforming into a customer-centric model. This paper offers a preliminary examination of the rhetoric used by financial institutions, suggesting some progress in their customer-centric approach.

Dark Sides Of Financial Inclusion: Examining The Buy Now, Pay Later Industry, Neleen S. Leslie-Piper, Ficawoyi Donou-Adonsou, Tina Facca-Miess

AMTP Proceedings 2026

Drawing on mental accounting and dual-process frameworks, this study investigates the relationship between Buy Now Pay Later (BNPL) usage, consumer financial well-being and life satisfaction.  Using survey data from a national sample of over 5,000 American consumers, we employ structural equation modeling to analyze the associations between BNPL usage and social media buy-now-button usage, splurge purchasing, luxury brand purchasing, debt accumulation, financial security, and consumer life satisfaction.

Our results indicate that frequent BNPL usage is a significant predictor of increased social media-driven purchases and luxury consumption, as well as higher levels of revolving credit card debt. These behaviors are associated …

Understanding The Life Satisfaction Gap In Political Consumerism: Buycotting Vs. Boycotting, Neleen S. Leslie-Piper, La Toya M. Russell

AMTP Proceedings 2026

Drawing on approach–avoidance motivation, regulatory focus, warm-glow reward, and self-determination theory, this study examines whether political consumerism, specifically boycotting and buycotting, is associated with life satisfaction in environmental and social issue contexts. Using survey data from Prosper Insights, we compare life satisfaction across buycotters, boycotters, and indifferent consumers and examine how Big Five personality traits and demographics moderate these relationships. We predict higher life satisfaction among buycotters than boycotters, and anticipate a moderating effect of personality traits. Our findings advance marketing theory and practice by linking political consumerism to consumer well-being.

Transformational Leadership’S Impact On Employee Perceptions Of Interactional Justice In Crucial Workplace Conversations, Dana M. Mobley, Irina Toteva

AMTP Proceedings 2026

This study examined a transformational leadership style’s effect on interactional justice in crucial conversations between managers and employees, using perceived leader communication quality as a mediator and followership style as a moderator. Data was collected from an internet survey taken by 251 participants across the United States, and quantitative analysis was performed. Results indicated that perceived leader communication quality mediates the relationship between transformational leadership and interactional justice during crucial conversations. While followership style was not found to moderate this relationship, it was found to be negatively significant with interactional justice, indicating that more exemplary followers perceive slightly less interactional …

The Dark Side Of Authenticity: Examining The Ethicality Of Influencer-Led Message Framing In Glp-1 Marketing, Antoinette Okono

AMTP Proceedings 2026

This conceptual paper examines ethical risk in influencer-led message framing within the expanding GLP-1 pharmaceutical marketplace. Although regulatory systems require risk disclosure, influencer communication frequently emphasizes convenience, access, and visible outcomes, potentially shaping interpretations of safety and appropriateness. Drawing on stakeholder theory and marketing ethics, the framework explains how influencer–brand partnership characteristics influence perceived health credibility, which in turn may contribute to consumer harm. Two boundary conditions are specified: consumer health vulnerability and platform governance. Higher vulnerability strengthens the credibility–harm relationship, whereas stronger governance mechanisms, including moderation and accountability systems, attenuate it. The model clarifies how authenticity and experiential narration …

Reimagining Brand Resonance: A Symbolic Interactionist Framework For Influencer-Brand Relationships And Within-Category Switching, Antoinette Okono

AMTP Proceedings 2026

This conceptual paper reinterprets brand resonance as a mechanism for competitive acquisition rather than retention. While traditional frameworks position resonance as the outcome of loyalty and attachment, contemporary markets require strategies that convert consumers embedded in rival ecosystems. Drawing on symbolic interactionism, the model positions influencers as meaning intermediaries who reshape interpretations of identity, relevance, and social permission. Influencer–brand partnership strength initiates a sequential pathway in which effort expectancy and performance expectancy reduce perceived barriers, while a novel construct—switching legitimization—authorizes movement away from incumbent brands. Through repeated mediated encounters, attachment to the target brand develops prior to behavioral change. The …

Defining Cultural Credibility: Perceptions Of Authenticity, Representation, And Appropriation In Brand Campaigns, Santiago Reyes, Alessandra Noli, Ashley Johns, Hannah Trandle, Leticia Falcao

AMTP Proceedings 2026

As brands navigate increasingly diverse consumer markets, cultural authenticity has become essential for building trust and relevance. Yet marketing scholarship lacks a clear framework for understanding cultural credibility as distinct from traditional notions of source or brand credibility. This study addresses that gap by examining how consumers conceptualize and evaluate cultural credibility in brand campaigns and collaborations. Drawing on theories of authenticity, cultural identity, and persuasion, the research positions cultural credibility as a socially constructed judgment shaped by perceived authenticity, shared values, and relational alignment. Using semi‑structured interviews and focus groups with multicultural consumers, the study employs thematic analysis to …

When Ai Joins Your Teaching Team: Reinventing Sales Education With Ai, Cindy B. Rippé, Caroline K. Munoz

AMTP Proceedings 2026

A key component of sales education is role-play practice, but grading role-plays is time-consuming and a beneficial but unscalable activity. Additionally, students struggle to act as a buyer in role-play practice because they have no business experience. The inability to act as a realistic buyer can impede sales call practice. This research empirically examines how the use of AI role-plays using Yoodi in a professional selling class impacts students and instructors. This research empirically examines how the use of AI role-plays in a professional selling class impacts students and instructors. Findings through a qualitative analysis of student feedback reveal that …

Human Or Bot? How Tripartite Privacy Concerns Shape Ai Service Adoption, La Toya M. Russell, Neleen Leslie-Piper

AMTP Proceedings 2026

This study investigates how tripartite privacy concerns: online, offline, and AI-specific, shape consumer preferences for AI chatbots versus human representatives across five service sectors. Utilizing a large-scale U.S. sample, the research extends privacy calculus theory by conceptualizing privacy concern as a single trait.

Findings reveal that participants who prefer human interaction consistently report higher mean privacy concern scores than those who prefer AI. However, this “human preference” weakens as the sector's inherent risk increases. While significant differences exist in retail and travel, they disappear in high-stakes contexts like healthcare. The results suggest that while AI privacy concerns are unique, they …

From Personas To Experience Appetites: Extending Identity-Based Profiles To Improve Behavioral Prediction In Tourism, John Story

AMTP Proceedings 2026

Personas are widely used in tourism marketing, representing consumer segments through stable demographic, psychographic, and lifestyle profiles. While effective for communication and creative strategy, personas are limited in predicting specific behaviors. This research introduces experience appetites—derived from Fennell’s (1978) Perceived Product-Use Situation framework—as a complementary, behaviorally grounded extension. Whereas personas describe who the consumer is, experience appetites capture the motivational state activated within a particular decision context. Using data from repeat visitors to multiple destinations, we demonstrate substantial within-person variation in motives across trips, even to the same location. While persona categories alone failed to predict these shifts; appetite …

Integrating Leadership Development Into Sales Management Education: A Teaching Case Using Goleman’S Leadership Framework To Teach Coaching And Adaptive Leadership, George Talbert, Malcolm Talbert, Earl Honeycutt

AMTP Proceedings 2026

Sales management courses often emphasize operational responsibilities such as forecasting, territory design, hiring, compensation, and performance evaluation. While essential, these topics alone do not prepare students for the behavioral and emotional demands of leading people in dynamic selling environments. Employers increasingly expect early-career managers to motivate, develop, and retain talent under ambiguity. This teaching case presents a senior-level undergraduate sales management capstone that embeds leadership development into the core of the course using Daniel Goleman’s emotional intelligence-based leadership styles as the primary framework. The course positions coaching as a central, teachable competency and treats leadership as a set of context-dependent …

What Drives Solar Energy Adoption? An Exploratory Study, Can Trinh

AMTP Proceedings 2026

Environmental pollution and its detrimental impact on people around the world have received significant attention in the past decades. As concerns for the environment grow, there have been increasing calls to adopt more environmentally-friendly practices in all aspects of life, including the adoption of green energy (Siddiqua et al., 2022). Green energy has become a hot topic in political debates (Schipani, 2023) because it can shape the future of global trade (Joselow, 2023) and the utility industry landscape (Waldholz, 2023). Recent polls showed that up to 80% of Americans were in favor of green energy in place of non-renewable energy …

Institution-Based Trust And Covid-19 Compliance Across Countries, Liz Wang

AMTP Proceedings 2026

Trust is central to public health compliance, yet most social marketing models still focus on individual-level drivers such as attitudes and norms. This study examines institution-based trust (IBT) as a moderator of citizens’ intentions to comply with COVID-19 prevention guidelines within a TRA model, using online survey data from US, UK, Australia, and Taiwan collected during the pandemic. Results show that IBT moderates both the attitude–intention (ATT–BI) and subjective norm–intention (SN–BI) relationships and suggest that high- and low-IBT contexts activate different mechanisms—legitimacy-based versus self-protective routes—to compliance. The paper outlines research and managerial implications for social marketing theory and practice.Institution-Based …

Selling The Self: Personal Branding And Impression Management On Linkedin, Matthew A. Gilbert

AMTP Proceedings 2026

Drawing on Erving Goffman's self-presentation theory, this study examines how professionals construct personal brands on LinkedIn through strategic identity performance. Using qualitative content analysis, the research analyzes 250 publicly available posts from 50 professionals across five occupational categories. The analysis employs deductive coding guided by Goffman's concepts of front-stage performance and impression management, examining visual elements, linguistic strategies, content themes, and engagement tactics. Data is analyzed using NVivo software. This study contributes to marketing theory by conceptualizing personal branding as both a communication practice and economic behavior, illuminating how professionals balance authenticity, visibility, and strategic positioning on career-focused platforms where …

Comparison Of Three Coordination Methods To Increase Outpatient Follow Up Among Older Adults Discharged From The Emergency Department: A Pilot Study, Michelle Simpson, Suzanne Ryer, Christopher Rubach, Joseph Chase

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Purpose: Older adults are among the highest users of the emergency department (ED), comprising over 50% of those discharged home from the ED. The Geriatric Emergency Department (GED) guidelines recommend addressing transitions of care that connect older adults with timely outpatient services to decrease adverse events. The purpose of outpatient follow up is to evaluate and adjust patient treatment, if necessary, following an ED visit to prevent adverse events.

Methods: A prospective, descriptive pilot study was conducted to gather preliminary data on the potential impact of follow-up outpatient appointment coordination types (standard care, point-of-care scheduling, and portal reminder message). Older …

Efficacy, Acceptability, And Feasibility Of Stayquit For Sustaining Smoking Abstinence After Psychiatric Hospitalization: A Pilot Study, Corinne N. Kacmarek, Hannah C. Smith, Alicia Lucksted, Lan Li, Laché Wilkins, Gabriella Coakley, Peter Phalen, Deborah Medoff, Faith Dickerson, Julie Kreyenbuhl, Melanie E. Bennett

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Purpose: Veterans with mental illness have high rates of tobacco use and psychiatric hospitalization in the Veterans Health Administration (VA). VA is smoke-free, and guidelines recommend that smoking cessation medication and counseling be delivered during and one month after hospitalization to sustain abstinence. Little is known about how patients experience this intervention. This pilot study evaluated the acceptability, feasibility, and efficacy of an evidence-informed, novel smoking intervention, StayQuit, for psychiatric inpatients.

Methods: Participants were recruited from an inpatient VA psychiatric unit. Changes in self-reported cigarettes smoked per day, nicotine dependence, and abstinence self-efficacy were evaluated between baseline and 12-week follow …

Long Covid, Silent Suffering, And Work, Joseph A. Seiner

Washington and Lee Law Review

Though most recover from COVID quickly, countless others remain chronically ill. Five years after the start of the pandemic, Long COVID continues to harm the economy, forcing thousands from employment at a time when businesses are struggling to find workers. With over thirty million individuals in the United States having contracted Long COVID, the illness cannot be dismissed as merely malingering or psychosomatic in nature.

With no diagnostic test for identifying Long COVID, skepticism about the illness persists. Many are scared to acknowledge their affliction with the disease and fear being stigmatized. Those who suffer silently struggle to perform their …

Morocco’S Liquid Gold: The Actual And Potential Role Of International Ip Law In The Protection Of The Traditional Knowledge Of Argan Oil, Christen Smith

Student Scholarship

This paper examines the actual and potential role of international intellectual property law in the protection of the traditional knowledge associated with argan oil, a product linked to the cultural heritage of the indigenous people in Morocco and increasingly commercialized globally. The paper starts with a background on the argan forest and the cultural significance of the argan tree. Then, the traditional production method used to extract argan oil is discussed. The paper also covers the rise of women’s cooperatives and how the argan oil industry has economically transformed in recent decades. The next section identifies problems in protecting traditional …

Thermal Vacuum Technical Report, Taiye Ibukun Fatima Ougundare, Ryan Bade

Senior Project

This system enables ground-based testing of components prior to space deployment. It replicates key Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) conditions, including both pressure and temperature. The chamber reduces pressure from atmospheric conditions (~760 Torr) to ~7.6 × 10⁻⁶ Torr. The thermal vacuum system achieves temperatures ranging from −60 °C to +125 °C for realistic environmental simulation.

Skyforge: Payload Isolation, Denzel Ezekiel, Brayden Gogis

Senior Project

As humanity looks to expand its reach into space, there is an increasing need for large space structures. The existence of these structures would enable large-scale infrastructure for further exploration and long-term habitation of humans beyond earth. However, creating such large structures in space is extremely challenging. Extreme environmental conditions (temperature, vacuum, microgravity) make construction and material handling difficult. Manual construction is dangerous and expensive; it is unrealistic for astronauts to complete this work. The “SkyForge” project, inspired by “Skyworker” (2003), attempts to make large space structure construction possible. SkyForge is envisioned as a fully autonomous construction robot designed for …

Program: Virginia Academy Of Science 104th Annual Meeting, 2026, Virginia Academy Of Science

Virginia Journal of Science

Full program of the 104th Annual Meeting of the Virginia Academy of Science. Held at  Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia on May 28, 2026.

Teacher Perceptions On Culturally Responsive Teaching And Learning: Middle School African American Male Achievement And Implications, Richard A. Brown

Interdisciplinary Leadership Dissertations

Academic achievement gaps among African American male middle school students persist, raising concerns about educational equity and instructional effectiveness. This phenomenological qualitative study examined middle school teachers’ perceptions of culturally responsive teaching (CRT), focusing on how educators understood, implemented, and assessed CRT practices related to the academic engagement and achievement of African American male students. The study sought to identify the beliefs, instructional strategies, barriers, and supports that shape CRT implementation in suburban middle school settings. The research used a qualitative phenomenological design to capture the lived experiences of educators working with African American male students in the southern suburbs …

Thy Rod And Thy Staff Comfort Me, Drew Moser

2026 MFA Visual Arts

No abstract provided.