Digital Commons Network^™

Sejarah Undang-Undang Dalam Pembuatan Rancangan Undang-Undang, Frans Limahelu

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

Abstract

Reconsidering The Use Of Race & Ethnicity In Clinical Decision-Making: The Path Towards Liberation Medicine, Donna Ahmadian Ms, Mph

North American Conference to End Race-Based Medicine

No abstract provided.

Assessing Awareness, Understanding And Adoption Of Smart Buildings In Algeria: From Architects’ Perspectives, Asma Aribi, Karima Anouche

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

In recent years, smart buildings have been revolutionizing the construction industry through their potential to enhance energy efficiency, improve occupant comfort and safety, and promote sustainability in the built environment. Nevertheless, despite growing adoption in developed countries, implementation in developing nations, particularly Algeria, remains limited. A major barrier is the lack of awareness among architects regarding the benefits and technical aspects of these systems. This study aims to evaluate Algerian architects’ awareness and understanding of smart buildings. A mixed-methods approach was applied, beginning with a literature review to establish the theoretical framework, followed by a quantitative survey involving 134 practicing …

Phenomenological Analysis Of The Interior Space Reconstructed For Post-War Traditional Houses In Old Mosul City, Abdula Alsarraf, Fawzia Irhayyim Hussein

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

This study examines the lived experiences of residents of Mosul’s old city within reconstructed traditional houses following the war, addressing the gap in analyzing post-war residential spaces. It examines how reconstruction influences residents’ perceptions, sensory experiences, and attachment to place by comparing pre- and post-war conditions. Using a phenomenological approach, the study draws on concepts such as familiarity, pleasure, spirituality, human scale, natural lighting, spatial organization, functionality, color harmony, symbolism, nostalgia, decoration, and perceived height. Data were collected through a questionnaire involving 40 residents who were involved in the reconstruction of four traditional houses. Findings indicate that while renovations improve …

The Role Of Media Technology In The Social Sustainability Of Staged Spaces, Noora Dhyaa Al-Najjar, Enas Salim

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

Multimedia technologies are effective tools for stimulating the senses and enhancing engagement in architectural spaces. By activating perception, they help transform static environments into interactive platforms that support social sustainability. This study aims to explore the role of multimedia in this process. A descriptive and analytical approach was employed, incorporating a literature review and an analysis of two case studies: one local and one global. Results showed that integrating multimedia improves vitality, visual appeal, and functional performance. It also strengthens users’ sense of identity and belonging while encouraging social interaction. Furthermore, multimedia enables the creation of immersive spaces rich in …

The Role Of City Brand Equity Effectiveness In Baghdad’S Branding, Shireen Kamil Zedan, Asmaa M. H. Al- Moqaram

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

Urban branding has emerged as a contemporary strategy that significantly enhances the competitive advantage and global positioning of cities. This study examines the role of branding in attracting diverse stakeholders, such as residents, investors, and tourists, by analyzing the process of building brand equity in the context of implementing urban branding in Baghdad. The study employed a quantitative approach, focusing on data collection techniques centered around a survey directed at experts in urban design and development from various departments of architecture and engineering in Iraqi universities, as well as urban development experts from outside Iraq. The study's results demonstrated the …

Rethinking Baghdadi Coffee Shops And Their Sustainability Through Digital Technology, Vian Abd Al-Baseer M. Hasan, Enas Salim, Enas Ali Salman

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

Baghdadi Coffee Shops have been a foundation for building interconnected social and cultural relationships over time and have been considered spatial behavioural patterns that express the culture of Baghdadi society. The current research focuses on integrating emerging digital technology into their physical structure to keep pace with life's developments and changes, raising the following question: "What are the transformations that Baghdadi Coffee Shops are witnessing as a result of emerging digital technology, and what is its impact on their sustainable role?" To answer this question, the research adopted an analytical approach that included revealing the architectural features of the transformations …

Revitalizing Heritage: Challenges And Opportunities For Sustainable Urban Development In Old Cities, Hussaen Ali Hasan Kahachi, Mufeed Ehsan Shok, Maria Abreu

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

Old cities embody rich cultural and architectural heritage but face challenges in balancing preservation with sustainable urban development. This study examines common challenges and opportunities in achieving sustainability in historic cities through a comparative thematic analysis, synthesizing insights from global literature and expert interviews. A qualitative approach was employed, consisting of a systematic literature review and semi-structured interviews with several experts in urban planning, conservation, and policy. The findings identify four key challenges: restrictive preservation policies, financial constraints, social tensions from tourism-driven gentrification, and environmental vulnerabilities. However, opportunities include adaptive reuse of heritage buildings, community-led sustainability initiatives, and policy innovations …

Sustainable Heritage Tourism And Its Role In Achieving Urban Development In Historical Sites (The Historical City Center Of Erbil As A Case Study), Ghassan Hasan Hmmoud, Younis Saleem, Abdullah Saadoon Salman Almaamoori

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

Sustainable heritage tourism has emerged as an important driver of growth. It emphasizes communication and sustainability and plays a pivotal role in the protection of these historical areas. This research aims to highlight the significant role of sustainable heritage tourism in urban development. The research problem was identified as: What role does sustainable heritage tourism play in the urban development of historical areas, and how is it highlighted at the local level? The historical centre of Erbil will serve as a case study. The findings reveal that tourism significantly influences the urban characteristics of the sites through integration and balance …

Achieving Healthy Upbringing Through School Design: A Case Study Of Iraqi School Buildings, Tuqa Abbas Alqari, Ibrahim Jawad Kadhim Al-Yousif, Enas Salim

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

Children worldwide face critical health challenges, including obesity, physical inactivity, poor awareness of healthy lifestyles, and the spread of infectious diseases during the school year, affecting their future well-being. Given the vital role of school buildings in children's development—by providing supportive environments that enhance physical, mental, and social well-being—the concept of "health-promoting schools" has gained research attention. This study reviews global literature to identify key design considerations and indicators for such schools, analyzing successful international models. It also examines the current state of local schools, both existing and newly constructed, along with proposed designs from the Engineering Affairs Unit of …

The Role Of Aporia In The Production And Reading Of Architectural Texts, Ghusoon Najm Abdulzahra, Abbas Ali Hamza Al Greiza

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

The concept of Aporia has been explored from various perspectives and epistemological frameworks in critical and rhetorical studies, particularly in analyzing and theorizing architectural texts. This research delves into Aporia and its related aspects across various fields of knowledge, examining how it can be employed as an intellectual framework for both producing and interpreting architectural texts. It is closely tied to the concept of the creative text and its perception through a series of semiotic processes aimed at understanding and interpreting meanings, enhancing knowledge, and uncovering latent meanings within the text. The research adopts a qualitative, descriptive, and analytical methodology …

The Role Of Algorithmic Design In The Development Of Responsive Facades, Ghada Ghalib Alnaimy, Younis Saleem

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

In recent years, the use of algorithms in building façade design has significantly increased, enabling architects to create complex geometric forms that were traditionally difficult to achieve. Algorithmic design relies on employing algorithms to generate and process design parameters using digital tools such as 3D modelling and digital fabrication techniques. This approach enhances the performance of façades, allowing them to adapt to changing environmental conditions. The study addresses the need to understand the role of algorithms in creating contemporary architectural façades derived from nature and responsive both environmentally and aesthetically. The research aims to explore how these algorithms improve façade …

Urban Tectonic: Analyzing Study Of The Urban Formal Strategy With A Fictional Tectonic Aspect, Khansaa Ghazi Rasheed, Mufeed Ehsan Shok

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

Today, Tectonics explains how a specific structural system gains aesthetic values from cumulative experts’ advice about construction and architecture. The tectonic of the architecture modern world is seen as a partial strategy synthesizing the “depth” of values of the depth for architecture, beginning with bringing the physical into the metaphysical. In contrast, the urban tectonic refers to the physical into the metaphysical world because of the effacement of that idea through history to the challenges of life today. This paper is concerned with the inner consciousness of the tectonic properties of urban form first by tracing a brief review of …

Evaluating The Open Design Strategy In Promoting Urban Interconnection Of New City Centers In Baghdad, Inaam Qassem Abdullah, Khansaa Ghazi Rasheed

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

Morphological or typological transformations and changes within cities led to new cities with rules disconnected from the center of the existing city, both intellectually and physically. These rules prevented the master plan areas from interconnecting with each other.  This research aims to achieve urban interconnection between new and existing city centers within a unified and cohesive design by relying on the most important design and planning strategies and mechanisms. The research begins by defining the open design strategy and its importance as a research topic. Then, we reviewed and discussed a group of studies through which the research problem was …

Geospatial Techniques For Preparing The Requirements Of 3d Modeling For Smart City Planning- Review, Noor Emad Alsaffar, Oday Zakariya Jasim, Maythm Al-Bakri

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

Developing smart city planning requires integrating various techniques, including geospatial techniques, building information models (BIM), information and communication technology (ICT), and artificial intelligence, for instance, three-dimensional (3D) building models, in enabling smart city applications. This study aims to comprehensively analyze the role and significance of geospatial techniques in smart city planning and implementation. The literature review encompasses (74) studies from diverse databases, examining relevant solutions and prototypes related to smart city planning. The focus highlights the requirements and preparation of geospatial techniques to support the transition to a smart city. The paper explores various aspects, such as the advantages and …

The Impact Of Random Thinking On Contemporary Iraqi Architecture: Architectural Production In Baghdad As A Case Study, Mustafa Kamil Kadhim, Sura Kassim, Nawfal Hussein Al-Mousawi

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

The contemporary architectural reality in Iraq has witnessed a set of phenomena that led it to the apparent deterioration and decline of the architect’s role in formulating designs with sound architectural features generated through a clear architectural design methodology carried out by the designer and resulting in the emergence of the so-called random architectural product through a group of individual experiences that led To increase the urban chaos. Accordingly, the research problem was determined by the ambiguity of scientific knowledge about the concept of random thinking and its relationship to the design process, which in turn led to the emergence …

Transformations In Fashion And Architecture (Causes And Mechanisms), Wasan Jawad, Mahdi Saleh A.H. Al-Ataabi

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

Transformation is one of the common characteristics between fashion and architecture, as the transformation is linked to contemporary intellectual trends that call for change and renewal. The research was based on the study of changes in fashion and architecture, and the research problem was identified with (cognitive deficiency about the causes and mechanisms of transformations in fashion and architecture). Accordingly, the aim of the research was determined by studying the indicators of the causes of transformation in both fashion and architecture and the mechanisms of this transformation. On the practical and symbolic uses of clothing, while exploring the role of …

The Role Of Silence In Enhancing The Meaning Of Architecture, Mustafa Rahman, Abbas Ali Hamza Al Greiza, Zainab Hussein Rauof

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

The built forms represent the words in the language of architecture. Forms represent messages that convey expressions that can be expressed and felt through certain properties carried by space, which contribute to moving human thoughts and memories. Thus, we can talk about a hidden aspect in the language of architecture that we can call the language of silence. Silence speaks of the experience of stopping at the loss of words to reveal the presence of emotions and senses, as it is a natural reaction of the human being to a specific situation that requires interpretation. From this point of view, …

The Role Of Marketing On The Success Of Residential Investment Projects In Baghdad, Hayder Abdul Hadi Abbas, Safaaaldeen Ali

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

The housing process in Iraq needs a comprehensive review, starting with its political philosophy and the content of its strategy, to produce a new vision and more efficient and empowering approaches for its central role in securing and caring for certain groups of society, especially those with limited income and those in need. In addition to emphasizing self-help and mutual assistance within the framework of future housing methods, this is one of the best ways to mobilize efforts and energies. Moreover, it is an entry point for developing innovative, non-traditional methods of high value. This research highlighted the role of …

The Effect Of Digital Media Techniques On Shaping The City's Identity: Architecture Algorithm As Application, Mohammed Ghazi Abbas, Ibrahim Jawad Kadhim Al-Yousif

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

The importance of the topic comes from the use of algorithms and digital technologies in our life, so the research problem was (the cognitive need to influence the algorithm in the formulation of digital media that creates a new form of the identity of the city). Hence, the goal is (to reformulate the visual vision of the city and the influence of architectural algorithms at the level of visual, formal and functional characteristics). It assumes the architecture algorithm as an application tool that will affect digital media technologies and the designer’s new design tools that lead to products with an …

Digital Marketing Strategies: Iraqi Architectural Firms As A Case Study, Ghada Mudhaffar, Abbas Ali Hamza Al Greiza

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

This study examines the importance of digital marketing strategies as a factor of competitive advantage for architectural services firms in Iraq. Interviews are conducted with four architectural firms through a qualitative, interpretive approach. This study imposes that digital marketing strategies on platforms (Facebook, Instagram) lead to awareness of what architectural services are, in addition to examining the role these strategies play in reviving company business opportunities. Furthermore, this study aims to determine the reasons for the weak activity of architectural services companies in Iraq on communication platforms. One of the main reasons seems to be related to a lack of …

Mutualism As A Design Approach In Architectural Formation, Abbas Na’Im Mohsin, Basim Hasan Al Majid

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

Mutualism in various fields of knowledge is a method of life and a necessity of existence imposed by the requirements of survival and continuity to create a state of integration and balance in nature, and that the mutualism based on give and take between opposing and dissimilar architectural entities can establish the correct and useful design principles in architecture and create new architectural formations characterized by creativity and development, hence the problem of the research appeared in the need to reveal the role of mutualism as a symbiotic design approach between opposing and dissimilar architectural entities that works to strengthen …

The Role Of Urban Memory In Reviving The Place ( Al-Rasheed Street Is A Case Study ), Hanan Salim, Mufeed Ehsan Shok

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

The concept of urban memory is one of the concepts that has received increasing attention in recent periods as countries race to form their own identity. The existing literature focused on the definition of urban elements in general and how to preserve buildings and exploit their memory to operate the building. Through this, the need for knowledge appears to detail these elements, as the research problem was chosen through (lack of) a clear perception of the role of urban memory elements in reviving the place.  The research goal emerged (exploring and categorizing the urban memory elements first, the criteria for …

Development Measures For Slums Of Dhaka City : Case Study Area Korail Slum, Sanjida Ahmed Sinthia

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh is extremely populated, unhygienic and environmentally degraded city. The growing number of population and environmental degradation are due to natural disaster and economic depression. As a result, the rate of urban poor is and producing huge pressure on urban lands, housing and infrastructure. Due to limited resources these poor people encroached open spaces, wetlands, vacant plots or even footpath for shelter. They don’t have any access to proper job market, healthcare facilities, education and sanitation either. These constraints are mostly resulted from the failures of the government in initiation proper policies and measures. Past …

Employing Smart Systems In Integrated Management Of Infrastructure For Housing Projects, Marwa Mohammed Al-Zaidi, Safaaaldeen Ali

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

Many contemporary economic and social drivers have enabled the introduction of sensor network technologies, computing and communication systems in urban infrastructure and contemporary housing projects with the aim of achieving integration between infrastructure management. As a result, the current study deals with a topic that has not been dealt with through previous studies, theses and theses in an accurate and required manner. Therefore, the aim of the research was to clarify the role of smart systems in achieving integrated management by building a comprehensive theoretical framework to be a research problem (the need for a comprehensive theoretical framework on the …

The Role Of Third Place In Revitalizing The Interior Spaces Of The Academic Libraries Through The Concept Of Identity, Israa Al Jailawi Al Jailawi, Shamael Mohammed Wajeeh Al Dabbagh

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

With the rapid prevailing of electronic information resources and services, the traditional academic libraries are being declined and gradually deserted. Recent studies highlighted this issue as one of the challenges of the digital era. Responding to this issue, this paper introduces the idea of revitalizing academic libraries through the concept of "Third place" based on the possibility of providing traditional libraries with new interior spaces wherein students, scholars, and faculty can learn and socialize as well as cooperate, without stress. Based on the literature reviewed, there are several factors through which it is possible to enhance the interior spaces to …

Emergence Of Water Sensitive Design: Alternate Development Strategies For Eastern Periphery Of Dhaka Metropolitan Area, Ayasha Siddiqua

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh, once had lowlands on both west and east periphery. The west periphery has already taken up by urbanization after constructing the flood embankment and in the eastern periphery it is on process of disappearing very fast. City is now expanding to this area which requires mandatory to keep open and low to take water from city for flooding alleviation. Lack of physical planning is very evident here which causes great degradation of the flooding and water logging situation of the city. At present master planning of the city following subdivision of land and provide …

The Abstraction Of Architectural Heritage In Contemporary Local Architecture: Abstraction In Contemporary Iraqi Architecture, Sura Kassim, Ibrahim Jawad Kadhim Al-Yousif, Ali Moussa Hussein

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

Abstraction is used in architectural and interior design and is based on abstraction with formal values, taking into account the functional aspect of architecture. Architectural heritage represents the cultural value that directly affects successive generations, and embodies cultural values to reflect the social, economic and political aspect that contributes to the advancement of human civilization, and architectural heritage is the basis of architectural thought in societies that have unity. Cultural. He found that the concept of the philosophy of abstraction has multiple views, whether Western and local and dependent on the nature of cultural, social and environmental thought, and for …

The Influence Of Beliefs On Iraqi Architecture Continuity & Discontinuity With Belief Architecture, Ibrahim Jawad Kadhim Al-Yousif, Riyam Rajab Fenjan Al-Amara

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

Continue or discontinue scope between the previous & the current architecture and their relation to the future requires orientation to know their references related to many beliefs considering it Cultural & historical values give to architecture local identity. It also defines the degree of relationship between the human, society and its connection to the place. The beliefs are appeared by creating architecture link to cultural heritage and it is expressed by using the technology of the era. This research introduced many architectural studies to determine the research problem, which was "Lack of knowledge about the belief effect on architecture production …

Role Of Technology Utilization Reviving Al-Ukhaidir, Mahdi Saleh A.H. Al-Ataabi, Karrer Nadhim Al-Shahmanie

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

The monuments are considered as evidence, landmarks and important memory for events that associated with characteristics. It also represents a civilized, cultural and economic wealth accumulated through ages. Heritage has two main aspects; physical and moral. Recently, considerable efforts have been devoted to conserve many heritage buildings that have historic values so as to restore them. This restoration can reinforce the links between those ancient buildings and their environment. There is a lack of enough knowledge about the concept of the utilization of new technological advancements and its impact on the reuse of historical buildings with symbolic value. To address …