Digital Commons Network^™

Lost In Translation: The Limits Of Explainability In Al, Hofit Wasserman-Rozen, Ran Gilad-Bachrach, Niva Elkin-Koren

Cardozo Arts & Entertainment Law Journal

As artificial intelligence becomes more prevalent, regulators are increasingly turning to legal measures, like "a right to explanation," to protect against potential risks raised by AI systems. However, are eXplainable AI (XAI) tools-the artificial intelligence tools that provide such explanations-up for the task?

This paper critically examines XAI's potential to facilitate the right to explanation by applying the prism of explanation's role in law to different stakeholders. Inspecting the underlying functions of reason-giving reveals different objectives for each of the stakeholders involved. From the perspective of a decision-subject, reason-giving facilitates due process and acknowledges human agency. From a decision-maker's perspective, …

Consumer Justice: Do Europeans Know Something We Do Not?, Magdalena Tulibacka

Emory International Law Review

No abstract provided.

Strategies And Emerging Mechanisms In Managing Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Biofilm-Associated Antibiotic Resistance In Renal Catheters, Ahmed Fadhil Kadhim

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Medical Sciences

Strategies and mechanisms in controlling Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistance to biofilm-associated with renal catheters are a serious concern. Renal catheters are widely used in hospitals for numerous urological disorders. However, they are the main cause of bacterial infections, especially P. aeruginosa, when used for a long time. The mechanism of biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance of P. aeruginosa in renal catheters is complex and has not been efficiently managed. This review debates certain strategies and mechanisms associated with P. aeruginosa biofilm antibiotic resistance in cases with renal catheters, including the prevention of biofilm formation, eradication of biofilm, and reducing biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance and …

Economic Profitability Of Sustainable Buildings Industry, Mohanad Ibrahim Altuma, Hanadi Abdulridha Lateef, Ayad Abdulkhaleq Al-Yousuf

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

The increasing global awareness of the Earth's deteriorating condition and the unpredictable effects of climate change has given rise to worldwide phenomena that impact several elements like the economy, agricultural security, water availability, and energy supplies. Buildings contribute significantly to the generation of greenhouse gases, as well as the disposal of pollutants and energy consumption. Therefore, they play a crucial role in addressing environmental issues.

Although sustainable buildings are widely acknowledged as a potential advancement, professionals in the property market still believe that the upfront costs of creating sustainable buildings are significantly higher than those of conventional buildings. This view …

Designing A Visual Control Framework Based On Feature Point Analysis To Guide Robots In Uncharted Areas, Isam Sadiq Rasham Al-Ghadhbawi

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

Image processing may be made more accurate and efficient with the use of optical processing technologies. In order to make better design judgments early in the package design process, visual packaging art simulation aims to swiftly develop realistic packaging effects. Conventional simulation techniques frequently yield findings that are neither realistic or detailed, and they also take a lot of time and human resources. Optical processing-based machine vision technology can fully utilize computer vision and image processing techniques to simulate package designs accurately and efficiently. This research proposes a foundation for machine vision technologies based on image optical processing. Real package …

Beginnings: Nsw Teachers' Views On The Early Stages Of Implementing A New National Curriculum, Julie-Anne Seach

Theses

This PhD study researched NSW teachers’ conceptions of curriculum change after the introduction of a new Australian national curriculum. One key rationale for the development of a national curriculum in Australia was to raise the standard of education by providing excellent curriculum to students in all Australian states and territories. However, educational standards improve through a combination of many factors, including quality teaching.

A curriculum’s success is dependent on the teachers who implement it. While the curriculum itself garnered considerable attention, how classroom teachers responded to it was likely to be a contributing factor to its overall success. Yet, there …

Educators’ Perspectives On University Technology Transfer Processes In The Philippines: A Case Study, Leni Garcia, Kenbert Alan Ting, Mark Van Hoorebeek

Asia-Pacific Intellectual Property Management and Innovation Book Series

As universities extend the scope of their tasks as educational institutions to include technology transfer and commercialization of their faculty’s and students’ research outputs, it becomes necessary to investigate internal systems that facilitate such processes. Existing literature on technology transfer in the Philippines is mostly focused on the transfer of a specific technology, industry–academe research and development (R&D) collaboration, the experience in a specific industry, or the experience in public Philippine higher education institutions (HEIs). The perspectives of educators and researchers who are the recipients of technology transfer services within Philippine HEIs have, so far, not yet been investigated. This …

Perceptions Of Young Members Of The Aeta Community About Their Intellectual Property Rights For Their Traditional Knowledge Systems: Uniquely Magbukun, Juan Kristopier D. Angeles, Xyra M. Angeles

Asia-Pacific Intellectual Property Management and Innovation Book Series

Traditional knowledge systems are innovative and practically address the needs of Indigenous peoples. In the past decades, efforts from various stakeholders have been made to acknowledge Indigenous peoples in policy debates on intellectual property (IP) dialogues. Sharing of ideas and community experiences was practiced among indigenous communities, such as the Aeta community of the Magbukun tribe in Bataan. The said Aeta community has long opened its door to researchers and nonlocals. However, due to the educational assimilation among the young participants, they formed this call for mimicry and recognition of their tradition that made them believe that both public and …

Stock Market Reaction On Patent Publications: Evidence From The Most Innovative Companies In The World, Meegoda Pathiranage Taniya Rashmi Sankalpana, Debeharage Athula Indunil Dayaratne

Asia-Pacific Intellectual Property Management and Innovation Book Series

This paper examines the influence of patent information on the stock returns of the 13 most innovative companies in the world ranked in the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) Annual Innovation Report. It considered distinct technological fields for adopting the event study methodology on 247 announcements from 2004 to 2022 for United-States-listed companies. The results reveal diverse market reactions, with companies displaying mixed positive and negative abnormal returns following patent publications. Our findings reveal varied cumulative abnormal return (CAR) values among firms, with statistically significant positive CARs observed for these companies in certain years, indicating market outperformance. The study also shows …

This Liquid Road Of Motion: The Interstate 35 Corridor Transformation, 1950-1995, Carl Friesenhahn

History - All Scholarship

This project examines the creation and renovation of Interstate 35 in Texas through the lens of cultural history and societal analysis. It begins with the highway’s formulation and predecessors, ending with the passage and immediate impact of NAFTA following over two decades of disillusionment. In this paper, the road is not solely viewed through the lens of state interests. Local and national concerns and powers balanced Texan interests in the course of the road’s creation and are therefore investigated in conversation with each other. This paper contends that the creation of Interstate 35 in Texas took a patchwork of state …

Application Of A New Scale-Resolving Turbulence Model To Supersonic Retropropulsion Flows With Chemistry, Gabriel C. Nastac

Dissertations

Turbulent compressible flows are ubiquitous in many engineering applications of flight and propulsion. Computational fluid dynamics simulations are commonly performed to analyze these flows. Scale-resolving turbulence models inherently better capture various flow phenomena, including separation and mixing, as well as enable predictions of fluctuations, which can be critical for design compared to traditional steady-state turbulence models. In this work, new scale-resolving blended Partially-Averaged Navier-Stokes (BPANS) turbulence models are developed to account for compressibility effects and are employed to efficiently simulate turbulent compressible flows. Specifically, supersonic retropropulsion flows are investigated. Supersonic retropropulsion is a key technology for next-generation rockets. The new …

Coronal Magnetic Field Extrapolation And Topological Analysis Of Multi-Scale Magnetic Structures For Solar Eruptions, Wen He

Dissertations

Solar eruptions are manifestations of strong solar activities which occur in multiple scales and vary significantly in observations. It has also been increasingly realized that some scenarios initially proposed for relatively large-scale eruptions may persist down to much smaller/finer scales, largely owing to increasingly high-resolution observations of the Sun. However, confirming the coherent magnetic structures on the Sun remains challenging due to the lack of direct coronal magnetic field measurement. This dissertation mainly focuses on the topological analysis of multi-scale magnetic structures embodied in different solar eruptions with available observations. It is achieved by reconstructing the 3D coronal magnetic field …

Temporary Protection For Ukrainians In The European Union: Why Now And When Again, Maryellen Fullerton

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Racing And Erasing Parental Rights, Cynthia Godsoe

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Kinship Care And Adoption Myopia, Cynthia Godsoe

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Abnormal Regulation Of Mitochondrial Sphingolipids During Aging And Alzheimer’S Disease, Simone M. Crivelli, Zainuddin Quadri, Ahmed Elsherbini, Hemendra J. Vekaria, Patrick G. Sullivan, Wenbo Zhi, Pilar Martinez-Martinez, Stefka D. Spassieva, Erhard Bieberich

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

During pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), mitochondria suffer alterations that lead to low energy production and reactive oxygen species formation. However, the mechanism of impaired mitochondria homeostasis in AD is not fully understood. We hypothesized that abnormal sphingolipid metabolism in mitochondria could be one of the contributing factors to mitochondrial dysfunction. Synaptic and non-synaptic mitochondria were isolated from 5xFAD and wild type (WT) mice at 3 and 7 months using Ficoll gradient ultracentrifugation, and their function was analyzed using Seahorse assay. Additionally, mitochondria were ana- lyzed using mass spectrometry for proteomics and sphingolipidomics analyses. Sphingolipid levels were also determined in …

Mechanisms Of Γδ T Cell Accumulation In Visceral Adipose Tissue With Aging, Sujata Mukherjee, Maria E. C. Bruno, Jason Oakes, Gregory S. Hawk, Arnold Stromberg, Donald A. Cohen, Marlene E. Starr

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

γδ T cells are resident in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) where they show an age- associated increase in numbers and contribute to local and systemic chronic inflammation. However, regulation of this population and mechanisms for the age-dependent accumulation are not known. In this study, we identified a progressive trend of γδ T cell accumulation in VAT over the lifespan in mice and explored physiological mechanisms contributing to accumulation. Using isochronic parabiotic pairs of wild-type (WT) and T cell receptor delta knockout (TCRδ KO) mice at young and old age, we confirmed that VAT γδ T cells are predominately a tissue-resident …

Pai-1 As A Critical Factor In The Resolution Of Sepsis And Acute Kidney Injury In Old Age, Maria E. C. Bruno, Sujata Mukherjee, Jamie L. Sturgill, Virgilius Cornea, Peng Yeh, Gregory S. Hawk, Hiroshi Saito, Marlene E. Starr

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

Elevated plasma levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) are documented in patients with sepsis and levels positively correlate with disease severity and mortality. Our prior work demonstrated that PAI-1 in plasma is positively associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) in septic patients and mice. The objective of this study was to determine if PAI-1 is causally related to AKI and worse sepsis outcomes using a clinically-relevant and age-appropriate murine model of sepsis. Sepsis was induced by cecal slurry (CS)-injection to wild-type (WT, C57BL/6) and PAI-1 knockout (KO) mice at young (5–9 months) and old (18–22 months) age. Survival …

A Community-Engaged, Mixed-Methods Approach To Prioritizing Needs In A Statewide Assessment Of Community Cancer Needs, Jessica R. Thompson, Todd Burus, Caree R. Mcafee, Christine Stroebel, Madeline Brown, Keeghan Francis, Melinda Rogers, Jennifer Redmond Knight, Elaine Russell, Connie L. Sorrell, Elizabeth A. Westbrook, Pamela C. Hull

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

Introduction Kentucky has the highest all-site cancer incidence and death rate in the US. In 2021, the University of Kentucky Markey Cancer Center convened a steering committee to conduct a statewide community cancer needs assessment (CNA). The goal of the final CNA phase was to gather community input on prioritizing Kentucky’s cancer-related needs and ways to address them. Methods In 2021, we recruited 162 people to participate in online concept mapping, a participatory mixed method, to explore connections and identify priority areas. Fifty-one community members and 111 organizational partners participated in survey-based activities to prioritize 80 items representing key CNA …

Population-Level Incidence Of Human Papillomavirus–Positive Oropharyngeal, Cervical, And Anal Cancers, By Smoking Status, Sameer V. Gopalani, Mona Saraiya, Bin Huang, Thomas Tucker, Jacqueline M. Mix, Anil K. Chaturvedi

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

We estimated the population-level incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV)–positive oropharyngeal, cervical, and anal cancers by smoking status. We combined HPV DNA genotyping data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Cancer Registry Sentinel Surveillance System with data from the Kentucky Cancer Registry and Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System across smoking status. During 2004-2005 and 2014-2015 in Kentucky, most cases of oropharyngeal (63.3%), anal (59.7%), and cervical (54.9%) cancer were among individuals who ever smoked. The population-level incidence rate was higher among individuals who ever smoked than among those who never smoked for HPV-positive oropharyngeal (7.8 vs 2.1; adjusted incidence …

Neurotensin Accelerates Atherosclerosis And Increases Circulating Levels Of Short-Chain And Saturated Triglycerides, Jing Li, Liping Yang, Jun Song, Baoxiang Yan, Andrew J. Morris, Hunter Moseley, Robert M. Flight, Chi Wang, Jinpeng Liu, Heidi L. Weiss, Edward F. Morris, Ilyes Abdelhamid, Mathias J. Gerl, Olle Melander, Susan Smyth, B. Mark Evers

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

Background and aims: Obesity and type 2 diabetes are significant risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) worldwide, but the underlying pathophysiological links are poorly understood. Neurotensin (NT), a 13-amino-acid hormone peptide, facilitates intestinal fat absorption and contributes to obesity in mice fed a high-fat diet. Elevated levels of pro-NT (a stable NT precursor produced in equimolar amounts relative to NT) are associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and CVD in humans. Whether NT is a causative factor in CVD is unknown.

Methods: Nt+/+ and Nt–/– mice were either injected with adeno-associated virus encoding PCSK9 mutants or crossed with Ldlr–/– …

The Silent Scream, Christine Roberts Gettys

Liberal Studies (MA) Final Essays

Abstract: The Silent Scream (a memoir) is one woman’s journey across six decades, dealing with physical and mental health conditions. Using vignettes and stream-of-consciousness, the author allows the reader to share lived experiences, demonstrating the interplay between cerebral palsy and childhood trauma. She analyzes 1) language development, 2) the power of biopsychosocial factors to create, intensify, recognize, manage, and mitigate stress, 3) the power of learning to identify and meet needs, and 4) the effectiveness of healthcare delivery and services. She advocates for trauma-informed and life-long learning, ongoing counseling, and increased awareness and proposes that engagement is its own outcome. …

The Case For Waivable Employee Rights: A Contrarian View, William Corbett

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

​Thinking Outside Of The "White Box": An Afrofuturistic Critique Of Terry Stops, Nina-Simone Edwards

Library Scholarship

What would the future look like if the privacy invasions that Black Americans are currently subjected to were not so normalized? This Note brings an Afrofuturistic perspective to the analysis of Terry stops, putting forward an alternative legal paradigm that uplifts Black Americans, their privacy, and their experiences, rather than police practices. Part I of this Note looks to the past, drawing on Afrofuturism’s tenant of reclamation, and assesses the development of vagrancy laws. Under these laws, vague legal standards allowed law enforcement to criminalize Black people after the end of slavery, punishing those who fell outside of the “white …

Systems Check: A Qualitative Case Study Of Educators And Parent-Educators Supporting Adolescent Readers From An Ecological Systems Perspective, Kristi Nicole Grooms

Theses and Dissertations

In spite of decades of research and an abundance of well-intentioned intervention efforts, supporting adolescent readers, particularly at the middle level, remains a significant area of concern for educators in the United States. The struggles are present for educators working to help underperforming readers reach grade-level and keep advanced readers motivated and engaged. At home, parents and guardians experience similar challenges. Data on adolescent comprehension performance continues to be frustrating in terms of producing consistent positive results. This qualitative action research study investigated the ongoing challenge of supporting adolescent readers, specifically within the context of 7th grade, through a systems …

Young Children's 21st Century Mathematical Skills And The Role Of The Early Childhood Environment In Developing These Skills, Mistelle Moore

Theses

This research examined the preparation of young children in an Early Years school environment in the development of 21st Century mathematical skills including critical thinking, problem-solving, innovation, collaboration, creativity, and communication. The research used a field-based case study using qualitative data collection methods, and the data were reviewed using thematic analysis. The research explores the pedagogical strategies employed by an Early Years teacher and the interplay of various stakeholders in nurturing 21st Century mathematics competencies among young learners. Key findings of the research indicated that there were eight elements that Early Years teachers should apply in their mathematics lessons as …

Relational Apophaticism And A Contemporary, Ecumenical Practice Of Christian Spiriutal Direction In The Western Church, Ian Raymond Wilson

Theses

Defining and nurturing Christian spiritual growth and maturity is challenging. This is especially so in a contemporary environment that might be considered individualistic and self-preoccupied and where the meaning of the term ‘spiritual’ has become increasingly vague. This thesis explores the concept of ‘relational apophaticism’ proposing it as a pathway of spiritual growth and the essence of spiritual maturity. A contemporary, ecumenical ministry of Christian spiritual direction in the Western Church, and perspectives on spiritual growth and maturity evident in St. Gregory of Nyssa’s mystical writings The Life of Moses and Homilies on the Song of Songs are drawn on …

The Efficacy Of A Junior Doctor Led Near-Peer Surgical Teaching Program For Medical Students: A Prospective Study, Wendy Liu

Theses

Background Near-peer teaching (NPT) involves teaching by peers who are at a close, but not the same, level of training. This study investigated whether a novel surgical NPT workshop, designed and delivered by junior doctors using simulation models for acute otorhinolaryngology conditions, improved the knowledge and confidence level of senior medical students.

Methods A one-day NPT workshop was held for medical students in their third year of a four-year postgraduate medical degree at the University of Notre Dame, Sydney, Australia. Four acute otorhinolaryngology/head and neck surgery problems that might be encountered by junior doctors and require prompt management were chosen. …

Influences Of Professors' Personality Traits, Teaching Styles, And Generational Affiliation On Technology Acceptance: A Mixed-Methods Exploration Of Blended Learning Readiness, Joey K. Freeman

Education Dissertations

The abrupt transition to emergency remote teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic offered minimal time to prepare, resulting in faculty reliance on prior pedagogical practices in the shift to an online instructional environment. Although the pandemic altered the learning environment in the short-term, it also offered a glimpse of how higher education institutions (HEIs) could transform their learning environments in the long-term. Though a body of literature exists on factors that influence technology acceptance, a limited number of studies have explored personality traits, teaching styles, and generational affiliation. An adapted Technology Acceptance Model considered these variables as antecedents to perceptions, attitudes, …

School Librarians’ Self-Efficacy As Educational Technology Coaches, Becky P. Johnson

Education Dissertations

Although school librarians adapt and continue to thrive through radical changes, one in five school librarian positions are cut due to a loss of funding. One way school librarians can promote their knowledge in digital and information literacy and their skills as education leaders is to serve as educational technology (EdTech) coaches in their school community. With the influx of EdTech in schools, districts are shifting budgets and quickly adding technology-focused jobs, which leaves other positions at risk for job loss. This exploratory mixed-methods study examined the self-efficacy of school librarians to serve as EdTech coaches through the lens of …