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A Click-Based Modular Approach To Introduction Of Peroxides Onto Molecules And Nanostructures, Alissa Horn, Patrick H. Dussault

Department of Chemistry: Faculty Publications

Copper-promoted azide/alkyne cycloadditions (CuAAC) are explored as a tool for modular introduction of peroxides onto molecules and nanomaterials. Dialkyl peroxide-substituted alkynes undergo Cu(I)- promoted reaction with azides in either organic or biphasic media to furnish peroxide-substituted 1,2,3- triazoles. Heterolytic fragmentation of the peroxide to an aldehyde, a side reaction that appears to be related to the formation of the triazole, can be suppressed by use of excess alkyne, the presence of triethylsilane, or by use of iodoalkyne substrates. Complementary reactions of simple alkynes with azidosubstituted peroxides are much less efficient. Click reactions of alkynyl peroxyacetals are also reported; reductive fragmentation …

Determination Of Samarium And Dysprosium Solubility, Seana Brennan

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

In recent years, the use of Rare Earth Elements (REE) has rapidly increased, resulting in numerous potential anthropogenic inputs to the environment. As a result, these metals are emerging as microcontaminants and pose a potential threat to aquatic life. However, the toxicity of REE are largely unknown due, in part, to the limited information on their chemical speciation. The purpose of this project was to gain an understanding of REE precipitate formation and solubility as the foundation for the development of the chemical equilibrium component of toxicity prediction models. Solubility experiments were conducted with Samarium, (Sm), a light REE, and …

Combined Ligand And Structure-Based Virtual Screening Approaches For Identification Of Novel Ache Inhibitors, Kader Şahi̇n, Serdar Durdaği

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

The excessive activity of acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE) causes different neuronal problems, especially dementia and neuronal cell deaths. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved drugs donepezil, rivastigmine, tacrine and galantamine are AChE inhibitors and in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) these drugs are currently prescribed. However, these inhibitors have various adverse side effects. Therefore, there is a great need for the novel selective AChE inhibitors with fewer adverse side effects for the effective treatment. In this study, combined ligand-based and structure-based virtual screening approaches were used to identify new hit compounds from small molecules library of National Cancer Institute (NCI) …

Water-Mediated Peptide Bond Formation In The Gas Phase: A Model Prebiotic Reaction, George C. Shields, Ariel Gale, Tuguldur T. Odbadrakh, Tyler Ball

Chemistry Publications

The emergence of life on the prebiotic Earth must have involved the formation of polypeptides, yet the polymerization of amino acids is thermodynamically unfavorable under biologically relevant aqueous conditions because amino acids are zwitterions in solution and because of the production of a water molecule through a condensation reaction. Many mechanisms for overcoming this thermodynamic unfavorability have been proposed, but the role of gas phase water clusters has not been investigated. We present the thermodynamics of the water-mediated gas phase dimerization reaction of glycine as a model for the atmospheric polymerization of amino acids prior to the emergence of biological …

Assessing The Efficacy Of Virtual Experiments In The General Chemistry Laboratory, Cory Jerome Hensen

Dissertations and Theses

As more students enroll in chemistry courses, institutions are faced with increasing costs and limited laboratory space to keep up with the demand. One solution some institutions have turned to is the incorporation of virtual experiments into the curriculum, as this can lower costs and increase the availability of laboratory space. Some institutions have offered sections that complete all of their experiments in a virtual environment, others have offered sections that alternate between a traditional hands-on experiment and a virtual experiment, and some institutions have replaced only select experiments throughout the curriculum with a virtual experiment. To begin to be …

Design, Synthesis, And Self-Assembly Of Supramolecular Fractals Based On Terpyridine With Different Transition Metal Ions, Lei Wang

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Fractals have existed in a variety of natural forms, and the concept of "fractal geometry" has been developed in many areas by humankind, including art, economics, mathematics, physics, chemistry, material science, and etc. In the field of chemistry, researchers have endeavored great efforts to express the concept using molecules either by theoretical prediction or using synthetic methods in the past few decades, and one successful example is the “Sierpiński triangle”. Challenge still remains to achieve other fractal geometries as well as high generation of fractals with precisely controlled shape and size. Coordination-driven self-assembly has witnessed a wide array of well-defined …

Alignment Of Theoretically Grounded Constructs For The Measurement Of Science And Chemistry Identity, Kathryn Nicole Hosbein, Jack Barbera

Chemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

Identity has been theorized to aid in student persistence within STEM disciplines. In this study, science and chemistry identity were defined as being recognized as a science or chemistry person within the classroom. To generalize the effects that identity has on student persistence, a measurable construct must be defined, operationalized, and tested in multiple settings with different populations. This project addressed the first step in the process, defining the construct and grounding it in an established theoretical framework. This qualitative project utilized a previously described physics identity framework, with sub-constructs of performance/competence, recognition, and interest, as a starting point for …

Evaluating The Evidence Base For Evidence-Based Instructional Practices In Chemistry Through Meta-Analysis, Md Tawabur Rahman

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Investigating the effectiveness of instructional practices provides an evidence base to inform instructional decisions. Synthesizing research studies on instructional effectiveness provides an estimate of the generalizability of effectiveness across settings, along with an exploration of factors that may moderate the impact, which cannot be achieved within individual studies. This study sought to provide a synthesis of evidence- based instructional practices (EBIPs) particular to chemistry through meta-analysis. 99 studies were analyzed comprising a broader view of chemistry specific studies than past meta-analyses. The results showed that EBIPs feature a demonstrably positive impact on students’ academic performance in chemistry, although assessment topic …

Keynote 2: Student Choice (What Can Student-Directed Learning Look Like?), Joe Ruhl

Faculty Technology Showcase

Moving from a teacher-centered classroom to a student-centered classroom creates a “teacher paradox,” because on the surface, the teacher appears to become the least important person in the classroom. But in transitioning from a “sage on the stage” to a “guide on the side” (while team teaching with a fleet of classroom computers), the teacher’s impact on the lives of the students is actually enhanced. How does one design units of instruction that are student-centered? Come and find out how one high school teacher has attempted to pull this off.

Chem 360-003: Environmental Chemistry, Alexei Khalizov

Chemistry, Environmental and Forensic Science Syllabi

No abstract provided.

Organic/Inorganic Interfacial Interactions Affecting Metal Reactivity: Water Treatment And Sensor Applications, Mohamed Nabil Shaikh

Civil Engineering ETDs

The aim of this dissertation was to investigate the interactions occurring at the organic – inorganic interface between solid media and aqueous contaminants for water treatment and sensor applications. The gaps in current literature on these interfacial organic-inorganic interactions must be bridged in order to develop advanced water treatment and monitoring technologies for improving water quality and thus, restore and protect the contaminated water resources. As a part of this dissertation, manganese oxides-based composites and electrospun polymer mats were developed and investigated for gaining mechanistic insights of organic (bisphenol A and acetaminophen) and inorganic (uranium) contaminants removal, respectively. These reactions …

Switching Infections Off Hines Bergmeier Receive Nih Award For Antibacterial Drug Discovery Research, Ohio University College Of Arts & Sciences

All Forum Articles

No abstract provided.

Assessing Affective Differences Between A Virtual General Chemistry Experiment And A Similar Hands-On Experiment, Cory Hensen, Jack Barbera

Chemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

To date, few general chemistry laboratory studies have included affective measures despite calls for more research on aspects of this domain. This shortage of studies may be partially due to the scarcity of affective measures that have been designed for, or tested in, the college laboratory setting. To provide measures for use in this environment, several existing affective scales were adapted for this new context. Before data from the scales were utilized to study the environment, evidence was provided for the validity and reliability of the data generated from them. Once sufficient evidence was provided, it was possible to determine …

Development And Evaluation Of A Hybrid Adi/Swh Model Pre-Laboratory Curriculum, Tabitha Alitz, Dawn Del Carlo

Summer Undergraduate Research Program (SURP) Symposium

Previous Research:
• Students value each part of the pre-lab differently, struggle to connect all of the components, and therefore fail to see the big picture
• Students find the pre-lab moderately helpful in understanding both the concepts and mechanics of the lab, but find it less helpful at the end of the semester compared to beginning
• The cognitive load demands of the SWH pre-lab hinders students’ ability to participate in authentic scientific inquiry

Computational Studies Of High-Oxidation State Main-Group Metal Hydrocarbon C-H Functionalization, Clinton R. King

Theses and Dissertations

High-oxidation state main-group metal complexes are potential alternatives to transition metals for electrophilic C-H functionalization reactions. However, there is little known about how selection of the p-block, main-group metal and ligand impact C-H activation and functionalization thermodynamics and reactivity. Chapter 2 reports density functional theory (DFT) calculations used to determine qualitative and quantitative features of C-H activation and metal-methyl functionalization energy landscapes for reaction between high-oxidation state d10s0 InIII, TlIII, SnIV, and PbIV carboxylate complexes with methane. While the main-group metal influences the C-H activation barrier height in a periodic manner, the carboxylate ligand has a much larger quantitative impact …

Characterization Of Biofilms In A Synthetic Rhizosphere Using Hollow Fiber Root-Mimetic Systems, Michelle Bonebrake

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The area around a plant’s roots hosts a complex and diverse microbial community. This environment can include a large number of bacteria that live on the surface of the root and benefit from the nutrients that the roots exude into the soil. These microbes can in turn be beneficial to the plant by protecting the roots from harmful fungi or stressful environmental conditions such as drought. In this thesis, several root-mimetic systems (RMSs) were developed for the study and growth of plant-beneficial bacteria in the laboratory environment. The RMS uses a porous hollow fiber used in hemodialysis as a surface …

Analyzing The Effect Of Air Pollution Regulations On Aerosol Concentrations In Urban Areas, Bode Hoover

Purdue Undergraduate Research Conference

Aerosols, any solid or liquid suspended in air, have significant environmental and biological effects. Fine particulate matter can cause serious respiratory issues and aerosols in the atmosphere absorb and reflect radiation which can warm or cool the atmosphere, respectively. This study compares air quality at two urban areas, the city of Wilmington, CA in the United States and the city of Arequipa, Peru. Concentrations of emissions are under higher regulation standards in California than in Peru which is a developing country. Air filters that measured total suspended particles were collected every 24 hours on Marine Avenue in Wilmington, CA and …

Chemistry, Saint Mary's College Of California

Undergraduate Academic Catalog

No abstract provided.

Mole Street Journal, June 2019, University Of Arkansas, Fayetteville. Dept. Of Chemistry And Biochemistry

Mole Street Journal

No abstract provided.

The Effectiveness Of Google Classroom In The Self-Contained Chemistry Classroom, Steven J. Gross

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this exploratory investigation was to ascertain the effectiveness of Google Classroom in the self-contained Chemistry classroom in terms of student turning in of assignments, student performance on summative assessment, student satisfaction with the use of Google Classroom, student contribution to class discussion in terms of frequency and quality, and the student acceptance of Google Classroom as a system of technology. Results suggest increased growth on summative assessments, turning in of assignments, and less regression in turning in of assignments with the implementation and use of Google Classroom. Results also suggest that the student population performs better through …

Using The Diels-Alder Reaction In The Synthesis Of Biologically Interesting Molecules: Targets Of Opportunity, Ethan Michael Decicco

Theses

This thesis is composed of reports on two projects, which are described separately in two chapters.

The first project described (Chapter 1) involves the synthesis of a series of molecules that contain a 1,4-dimethyl-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxy-imide core structure. These types of molecules represent a class of analogues of the natural product cantharidin, a potent cytotoxic agent isolated from Meloidae insects. Cantharidin and cantharidin-like small molecules have been extensively studied in literature as potential leads in new anti-cancer medications. A series of 1,4-dimethyl-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3- dicarboxy-imides are also being investigated by researchers at Bristol-Meyers-Squibb (BMS) as prospective treatments of prostate cancer (PC). PC is the …

Two Cretaceous Tales Of The Land And The Sea, Puloma Chakrabarty

Earth & Environmental Sciences Dissertations - Archive

The Cretaceous Period (145-66 Ma), with no magnetic reversal for ~79 Ma, is generally termed as the Cretaceous Normal Superchron or the Magnetic Quiet Zone. There is evidence of at least two major large scale, global volcanisms in this long period synchronous with mass extinctions, during the Late Cretaceous and at the end of the Cretaceous. This study focusses on the effect of these two global volcanisms on 1. The Ocean: Eagle Ford, South Texas at the beginning of the Late Cretaceous, 93.9 Ma, probably caused by Cretaceous mafic volcanism from the Ontong Java Plateau and/or Caribbean Large Igneous Province …

Studies On Regulation Of Dihydrotestosterone Binding To And Releasing From The Androgen Receptor, Tahyra M. Resto Santos

Theses and Dissertations

The androgen receptor (AR) is a nuclear receptor that responds to testosterone and 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) by modulating gene expression in a variety of cells, including prostate and muscle tissues. Studies of small molecule interaction with AR have shown diphenyl compounds inhibiting through a binding site labeled Binding Function 3 (BF3). The goal of this research is to analyze the interaction of the BF3 site with DDT and related compounds. Amino acids that are exposed on the surface of the BF3 that might interact with different compounds were mutated. Mutant proteins were tested experimentally for their impact on the inhibition the …

The Effectiveness Of Contextual-Based Instructional Materials Of Elements Of Group 15 For Inorganic Chemistry, Agtri Wulandari, I Wayan Dasna, Surjani Wonorahardjo

Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran

The purpose of research is determine the effectiveness of teaching materials based contextual elements of group 15 for the course of inorganic chemistry. The research design is one group pretest-posttet only. Subjects were students of Chemistry Education University of Palangka Raya as many as 47 people. Based on the research results, is obtained percentage of graduated postes amounted to 93.6%, mean of n-gain score is 0,54 (moderate), and the probability value (p) is 0,000, showed no significant difference between the pretest and posttest. Therefore, teaching materials element of group 15 based on contextual for inorganic chemistry course effective to improve …

Extraterrestrial Prebiotic Molecules: Photochemistry Vs. Radiation Chemistry Of Interstellar Ices, Christopher R. Arumainayagam, Robin T. Garrod, Michael Boyer, Aurland Hay, Si Tong Bao, Jyoti Campbell, Amy Wang, Chris M. Nowak, Michael R. Arumainayagam, Peter J. Hodge

Faculty Research and Scholarship

In 2016, unambiguous evidence for the presence of the amino acid glycine, an important prebiotic molecule, was deduced based on in situ mass-spectral studies of the coma surrounding cometary ice. This finding is significant because comets are thought to have preserved the icy grains originally found in the interstellar medium prior to solar system formation. Energetic processing of cosmic ices via photochemistry and radiation chemistry is thought to be the dominant mechanism for the extraterrestrial synthesis of prebiotic molecules. Radiation chemistry is defined as the “study of the chemical changes produced by the absorption of radiation of sufficiently high energy …

Mole Street Journal, April 2019, University Of Arkansas, Fayetteville. Dept. Of Chemistry And Biochemistry

Mole Street Journal

No abstract provided.

Design And Synthesis Of Simplified Analogs Of The Natural Product Sordarin As Potential Antifungal Agents, Yibiao Wu

Dissertations (1934 -)

Invasive fungal infection is a life-threatening illness that causes high mortality, and is especially common among patients with compromised immune systems. However, currently there are only three major classes of clinically useful drugs capable of treating such infections. In addition, due to the fact that drug resistance has become a serious issue especially among patients who suffer from chronic infections, it is urgent to identify new drug candidates, particular those of new classes. The discovery of the natural product sordarin and its novel mechanism of action of inhibiting fungal protein synthesis via the fungal eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) led …

We Are All Alive: Understanding Connections Between People And Coral Reefs In Samoa, Kalamakaleimahoehoe Porter

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

This work seeks to incorporate ecological research methods, socioeconomic data analysis, and local story collection into one understanding of coral reefs on the island of Upolu in Samoa. Data collection utilized transects and timed dives to assess four reef health indicators, and socio-economic indicators were sourced from the Samoa Bureau of Statistics. Interviews were also conducted to gain Samoan perspectives on the importance of coral reefs. Findings include patterns between the socioeconomic factors of population demographics, unemployment rates, education, and improved water, waste, and sanitation facilities and the environmental indicators of prevalence of plastic, percentage cover of living coral, parrotfish …

Synthesis Of Simplified Azasordarin Analogs As Potential Antifungal Agents, Yibiao Wu, Chris Dockendorff

Chemistry Faculty Research and Publications

A new series of simplified azasordarin analogs was synthesized using as key steps a Diels–Alder reaction to generate a highly substituted bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane core, followed by a subsequent nitrile alkylation. Several additional strategies were investigated for the generation of the key tertiary nitrile or aldehyde thought to be required for inhibition at the fungal protein eukaryotic elongation factor 2. This new series also features a morpholino glycone previously reported in semisynthetic sordarin derivatives with broad spectrum antifungal activity. Despite a lack of activity against Candida albicans for these early de novo analogs, the synthetic route reported here permits more comprehensive modifications …

Metrics And Methods Used To Compare Student Performance Data In Chemistry Education Research Articles, Michael R. Mack, Cory Hensen, Jack Barbera

Chemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

Quasi-experiments are common in studies that estimate the effect of instructional interventions on student performance outcomes. In this type of research, the nature of the experimental design, the choice in assessment, the selection of comparison groups, and the statistical methods used to analyze the comparison data dictate the validity of causal inferences. Therefore, gathering and reporting validity evidence in causal studies is of utmost importance, especially when conclusions have real policy implications for students and faculty, among other stakeholders. This review examines 24 articles that reported quantitative investigations of the effect of instructional interventions on performance-based outcomes conducted within undergraduate …