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The Echo: March 3, 2025, Taylor University

2024-2025 (Volume 112)

No abstract provided.

Contributors

Pastoral Liturgy

No abstract provided.

Encouraging Conversation: Sharing The Oral History Of Nepalese Refugees Through Dialogical Preaching To Inspire Intercultural Collaboration, Matthew Clark

Doctor of Ministry Major Applied Project

Clark, Matthew J. “Encouraging Conversation: Sharing the Oral History of Nepalese Refugees through Dialogical Preaching to Inspire Intercultural Collaboration.” Doctor of Ministry. Major Applied Project, Concordia Seminary, 2025. 286 pp.

The project attends to the context of Ascension Lutheran Church in St. Louis, Missouri, where a minority group of church members are refugees from Nepal. As Ascension grows in ethnic diversity, however, much of the congregation has only a shallow multicultural level of engagement, where different cultural groups are only aware of each other as they exist parallel to one another with limited interaction.

The project seeks to answer the …

Miss Gardner-Webb Pageant Set For March 2, Showcasing Talent And Confidence, Office Of University Communications

Gardner-Webb NewsCenter Archive

The stage is set for an exciting evening as seven contestants compete in the annual Miss Gardner-Webb Pageant on Sunday, March 2, at 3 p.m.The event, which is free and open to the public, will take place in Dover Theatre and promises a dazzling display of talent, confidence, and camaraderie.

The Beacon, February 20, 2025, Beacon Staff

The Beacon, 2024-2025

NW students go local for new SSP; Sickness spreading on campus; Lumineers leave fans automatically bored; Marvel introduces a brave new captain; Senior Spotlight on Brandon Englin; "The Little Prince" brings childlike wonder; This week in Beacon history; Local SSP provides chances to serve; Reasoning behind dropping classes; Unfortunate illness; Dance marathon: more than a party; My greatest love story; Raider track and field success at GPAC meet; NW cheer takes top spot at Concordia; Women's soccer preparing for Spain SSP; Controversy over USAID funding; ICE given deportation orders;

Protestant Business Ethics Through A Matrix: The Bible, H. Richard Niebuhr, And Management-Labor Relations, Stewart W. Herman

Journal of Religion and Business Ethics

Organized labor has been largely absent from discussions of management-employee relations in Protestant business ethics, which lacks a magisterium that would encourage such discussion. Given the Protestant reliance on the Bible as the main moral source for Christian business ethics, any effort to incorporate labor into business ethics needs to link the Bible to how business organizations function and to the history of labor management relations. This article first grids out Protestant approaches for using the Bible, then explores ideas drawn and developed from H. Richard Niebuhr, a U.S. theologian active in the middle of the twentieth century. His ideas …

The Persian-Period Archaeozoological Finds From Tel Ya‘Oz (Hebrew, Pp. 45*–47*), Moshe Sade

'Atiqot

The archaeozoological finds comprised the bones of domesticated sheep/goat and cattle, and mollusks.

Buildings Of The Persian, Hellenistic And Early Roman Periods At Khirbat Kabar, In The Northern Hebron Hills (Hebrew, Pp. 49*–71*; English Summary, Pp. 205–207), Yuval Baruch

'Atiqot

Two buildings were exposed. The northern building comprised rooms surrounding a central courtyard; the pottery finds from this building date from the Persian period, and chiefly, to the Hellenistic and Early Roman periods (first century BCE). Only two rooms survived of the southern building, which apparently opened to a courtyard. Many storage-jar sherds were found, seemingly in situ. On two of them, Aramaic letters were incised before firing. An Achaemenid-style conical glass seal was unearthed, depicting a hero or a ruler holding flanking lions. This building may have had an administrative or storage function. Three tombs were uncovered in proximity …

Petrographic Analysis Of The Persian-Period Ceramic Assemblage From Tel Ya‘Oz (Hebrew, Pp. 39*–44*; English Summary, Pp. 204–205), Amir Gorzalczany

'Atiqot

Thirty-nine samples of Persian-period wares were selected for analysis, and five petrographic groups were identified. The overwhelming majority of the assemblage was of non-local provenance. Several ranges of import were discerned, and it seems that the import-trade-exchange patterns at the site were oriented overseas or toward the Phoenician coast.

Drinking Vessels (Rytha) From Tel Ya‘Oz (Hebrew, Pp. 25*–37*; English Summary, Pp. 203–204), Irit Ziffer, Raz Kletter, Orit Segal

'Atiqot

Three drinking vessels (rytha) were found in the Persian-period building at Tel Ya‘oz: an almost complete human-headed rython and two animal heads, of a ram and a lion. The anthropomorphic rython is undoubtedly the most extraordinary of the three. It is a local adaptation of an Achaemenid vessel that was used at royal banquets. Its Egyptian appearance might suggest that is was created by an Egyptian working on the Levantine coast, or by a Levantine trained in Egyptian iconography.

A Persian-Period Building From Tel Ya‘Oz (Tell Ghaza) (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–24*; English Summary, P. 203), Orit Segal, Raz Kletter, Irit Ziffer

'Atiqot

Thirty-nine samples of Persian-period wares were selected for analysis, and five petrographic groups were identified. The overwhelming majority of the assemblage was of non-local provenance. Several ranges of import were discerned, and it seems that the import-trade-exchange patterns at the site were oriented overseas or toward the Phoenician coast.

Chemical Study Of Basaltic Hopper-Rubber (Olynthus) Mills From Naḥal Tut And ‘En Hofez (Pp. 197–200), Irena Segal

'Atiqot

Four basalt stones of hopper-rubber (Olynthus) mills were sampled for chemical analysis; two were found at Naḥal Tut and two, from ‘En Hofez. All were dated on the basis of stratigraphy to the second half of the fourth century BCE. The chemical examination established that the millstones from Naḥal Tut were manufactured in the area of Nisyros, in the Aegean region.

Petrographic Analysis Of The Pottery From Naḥal Tut (Pp. 191–195), Amir Gorzalczany

'Atiqot

Nine samples of Persian-period wares were selected for analysis. Five petrographic groups were identified, pointing to the presence of local wares, close-range imports from the Carmel shore and long-range imports from the Aegean area or western Cyprus. It seems that the trade or exchange patterns at Naḥal Tut Site VIII were oriented overseas

Naḥal Tut (Site Viii): A Fortified Storage Depot From The Late Fourth Century Bce (Pp. 131–189), Yardenna Alexandre

'Atiqot

Excavations at the site revealed a large building complex, comprising casemate walls built on bedrock around a large central courtyard with corner towers. It was a well-planned and well-fortified complex, located at a strategic point. The complex was occupied for a brief period of time, at the very end of the Persian (Achaemenid) period and the very beginning of the Hellenistic period (c. 350–325 BCE). It was destroyed by a violent destruction, which claimed human victims. The destruction was dated by a single bronze coin of Alexander III to 336–323 BCE. The pottery finds at the site were homogenous, including …

The Archaeozoological Finds From Tel Mikhal (Tel Michal) (Pp. 121–125), Moshe Sade

'Atiqot

Archaeozoological remains from the Middle Bronze Age and Persian period were discovered in the 1996 excavations at Tel Mikhal.

The Kurkar And Hamra Genesis Of The Northern Hill Of Tel Mikhal (Tel Michal) (Pp. 127–130), Eldad Barzilay

'Atiqot

The geological environment of the site is composed of mobile sand, kurkar, hamra and grumosols (swelling and cracking clay soils) sediments of the Quaternary Hefer formation.

The Flint Tools From Tel Mikhal (Tel Michal) (Pp. 117–119), Hamoudi Khalaily

'Atiqot

The Early Bronze Age is represented at Tel Mikhal by three Canaanean sickle blades and retouched blades, products of the Canaanean industry.

A Lead Amulet Of Nefertem From Tel Mikhal (Tel Michal) (Pp. 109–111), Amir Gorzalczany

'Atiqot

A lead amulet representing the Egyptian god Nefertem (nfrtm) was found at Tel Mikhal, very close to the edge of the northern hill, in a fill over what seems to have been a small circular Persian-period shrine

The Stone Anchor From Tel Mikhal (Tel Michal) (Pp. 113–115), Jacob Sharvit

'Atiqot

The anchor is a triangular shaped flat slab of limestone with rounded corners and one unfinished elliptical hole. It seems to belong to the ‘weight anchors’ group.

Persian-Period Metal Finds From Tel Mikhal (Tel Michal) (Pp. 93–107), Sariel Shalev, Kamil Sari

'Atiqot

More than 100 metal objects dating to the Persian period (fifth–fourth centuries BCE) were unearthed in the excavations at Tel Mikhal. The assemblage included weapons (arrowheads); tools and implements (e.g., knives, needles, nails and tacks); weights; jewelry (bracelets, fibulae, pins and spatulae); a Tanit figurine; and an Egyptian amulet. The arrowheads were of the Irano-Scytic type, made of tin-bronze. All the arrowheads were left as cast, without mechanical treatment. Among the tools and implements, nails form the largest group; they were made of unalloyed copper and tin-bronze. The ten fibulae found at the site were made of tin-bronze; all underwent …

Stamped Amphora Handles From Tel Mikhal (Tel Michal) (Pp. 89–91), Donald T. Ariel

'Atiqot

Three stamped amphora handles were recovered from the excavations at Tel Mikhal. Two are Rhodian, while the third is most likely the handle of a Samian amphora.

Coins From Tel Mikhal (Tel Michal) (Pp. 71–88), Donald T. Ariel

'Atiqot

Thirty-eight coins were found in the excavation on the Northern Hill at Tel Mikhal, 33 were identified: 18 isolated coins, and 15 coins that formed part of a Persian-period hoard. The isolated coins are mainly of the Persian period, probably deriving from one phase of occupation that began in the second quarter of the fourth century BCE. The war between Ptolemy I and Antigonus possibly marks the end of the Persian stratum. The later numismatic evidence at the site indicates that the Northern Hill may have been occupied only during the Seleucid period. The hoard comprises Athenian-style tetradrachms, dating to …

Petrographic Analysis Of Two Ballast Stones From Tel Mikhal (Tel Michal) (Pp. 67–69), Amir Gorzalczany

'Atiqot

Both ballast stones were reused in a Persian-period installation. Their analysis revealed that they were of plutonic material, thus pointing to a distant provenance, perhaps in the Cyprus area. The stones were probably loaded on a merchant ship on its way from the eastern Mediterranean to the Tel Mikhal anchorage.

Petrographic Analysis Of The Tel Mikhal (Tel Michal) Pottery (Pp. 57–65), Amir Gorzalczany

'Atiqot

Thirty-six vessels were submitted for petrographic analysis, most of them from the Persian period and several from Middle Bronze Age II. Several wasters from the kilns were analyzed as well. The results point to a large variety of pottery types in the Persian period, which were divided into three main groups: local products; short- to medium-range distance imports; and long-distance imports. These finds parallel those identified at other southern coastal sites, which show an overwhelming amount of imported pottery.

The 1996 Excavations Along The Northern Hill At Tel Mikhal (Tel Michal) (Pp. 1–19), Amir Gorzalczany

'Atiqot

Excavations on the Northern Hill at Tel Mikhal revealed rich finds, in stark contrast with the poorly preserved and scant architectural remains. The earliest settlement here dates to prehistoric times, continuing into the Middle Bronze Age, when a ceramic industry operated at the site. In the Iron Age, settlement was sporadic, and mainly winepresses were unearthed. Toward the end of the Persian period, the area functioned as an industrial area for pottery production and a metal industry, as well as an area for storage and commerce. In the Hellenistic period, the site was also used for industry and storage. No …

The Pottery From The Iaa Excavations At Tel Mikhal (Tel Michal) (Pp. 21–56), Lev Arie Kapitaikin

'Atiqot

Three main assemblages were identified in the pottery from the IAA excavations at Tel Mikhal: Persian coarse wares, imported pottery and pottery from three kilns (Area B1). The Persian wares, including mortaria, stands, kraters and jars, date to the later part of the Persian period (450–300 BCE). The imported Persian-period wares include decorated sherds of Cypriot or Eastern Greek origin, Attic pottery and undecorated imported vessels, such as amphorae and mortaria, dating to the last three quarters of the fourth century BCE. The pottery from Kiln 461 includes forms typical of the Persian period and miniature-sized (votive?) Persian-period vessels. Kilns …

Ontological Overtones Of Participatory Soteriology In Romans 8:1-17, Derek E. Wilder

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The burgeoning scholarly interest in the concepts of deification and Paul’s “in Christ” participatory soteriology necessitates a deeper exploration of their interrelation with the indwelling of the Holy Spirit. Regardless of the increase in recent scholarship, the connection between participation in Christ and the indwelling of the Holy Spirit remains underexplored. This study examines the relationship between deification, Pauline participatory soteriology, and pneumatology through an exegetical analysis of Romans 8:1–17. This exegetical framework posits that the believer’s union with Christ initiates a profound ontological metamorphosis, actualized through the Holy Spirit’s immanent indwelling and transcendent relational dynamic. The pneumatological dimension of …

Matthew For The Defense: Identifying The Rhetorical Purpose Of Matthew's Heptadic Γέγραπται Passages, Donald C. Mcintyre

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Heptadic formulations are common throughout ancient Near Eastern, Second Temple, and biblical literature. Frequently, heptadic formulations are debated due to the lack of consistent identification criteria. This study identifies a heptadic formulation of γέγραπται passages in Matthew’s Gospel and seeks to evaluate the legitimacy of that heptadic formulation through applying strict identification criteria. Through those criteria, it was discovered that the Gospel of Matthew invites the reader to take notice of numerological data through the genealogy and continues to employ numerology throughout the Gospel. That fact being established, Matthew then employed the γέγραπται formula a total of nine times with …

Messianic Judaism And The Church, Robert C. Greer

Liberty Theological Review

One of the more curious phenomena within the Protestant Evangelical Church is Messianic Judaism. Its gospel is essentially the same as Protestant evangelicalism since Messianic Jews worship Jesus as Messiah, Savior and Lord. Yet many shun the label "Christian," preferring such titles as "fulfilled" or "completed Jews." Messianic Jews typically worship on Saturdays and observe a kosher diet. The symbol of the cross, which is ubiquitous in Protestant Evangelicalism and regarded as its most sacred symbol,, is problematic with many Messianic Jews. Messianic Judaism therefore maintains an arm's distance from Gentile Christianity. This paper is an exploration of that separation …

Defending The Doctrine Of Hell, Jordan P. Ballard

Liberty Theological Review

The doctrine of hell, or the final state of the wicked, has become one of the most objectionable Christian doctrines because it depicts God as vengeful and wrathful, which is offensive to human sensibilities. As an extension of the problem of evil, where God is put on trial for allowing what may appear to be gratuitous pain and suffering in the world, many Christians and non-Christians alike wonder how a loving God could consign people to suffering in hell forever. After all, why didn’t God make a world where all would be saved if He is truly loving? Belief in …