Digital Commons Network^™

Richard Evans Schultes, James P. Smith Jr

Botanical Studies

No abstract provided.

การกำหนดความผิดอาญากรณีพกพาสารกัดกร่อนในที่สาธารณะ, วรกมล เบ็ญจาธิกุล

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

เอกัตศึกษาฉบับนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาแนวคิด ทฤษฎีและกฎหมายที่เกี่ยวข้องกับการกำหนดความผิดอาญากรณีพกพาสารกัดกร่อนในที่สาธารณะ เพื่อนำไปสู่การวิเคราะห์ ปัญหาและอุปสรรคในการควบคุมการพกพาสารกัดกร่อนในที่สาธารณะของกฎหมายไทยในปัจจุบัน รวมถึงเปรียบเทียบการกำหนดความผิดอาญาในลักษณะดังกล่าวของกฎหมายต่างประเทศ จากการศึกษาพบว่ากฎหมายประเทศไทยในปัจจุบันยังไม่มีการกำหนดความผิดอาญากรณีพกพาสารกัดกร่อนในที่สาธารณะเป็นการเฉพาะ นอกจากนั้นแนวคำพิพากษาศาลฎีกาตีความว่าน้ำกรดซึ่งเป็นสารกัดกร่อนประเภทหนึ่งไม่ใช่อาวุธโดยสภาพแม้ว่าสารกัดกร่อนดังกล่าวสามารถสร้างความเสียหายร้ายแรงได้หากถูกใช้เป็นอาวุธ ทำให้เกิดปัญหาในการบังคับใช้กฎหมายเนื่องจากโทษอาญาที่ลงไม่ได้สัดส่วนกับความร้ายแรงของความผิด นอกจากนี้ยังส่งผลต่อการปราบปรามอาชญากรรมรุนแรงที่อาจเกิดขึ้นได้หากปล่อยให้มีการพกพาสารกัดกร่อนตามอำเภอใจในที่สาธารณะ อย่างไรก็ตาม จากการเปรียบเทียบกฎหมายของประเทศอังกฤษ ประเทศมาเลเซีย ประเทศสิงคโปร์ และเขตบริหารพิเศษฮ่องกงแห่งสาธารณรัฐประชาชนจีน พบว่ามีการบัญญัติกฎหมายควบคุมสารกัดกร่อนไว้เป็นการเฉพาะ มีการกำหนดนิยามของสารกัดกร่อน และมีการกำหนดโทษที่สูงกว่ากฎหมายของประเทศไทย โดยบางประเทศมีทั้งโทษจำคุกและเฆี่ยน และบางประเทศมีแนวทางสำหรับผู้พิพากษาในการตีความให้สารกัดกร่อนเป็นอาวุธอันตรายอย่างสูง เพื่อลดโอกาสในการก่ออาชญากรรมโดยการใช้สารกัดกร่อนเป็นอาวุธ ดังนั้น ผู้เขียนจึงเสนอแนะให้มีการตราพระราชบัญญัติสารกัดกร่อนขึ้นเป็นการเฉพาะ เพื่อกำหนดคำนิยาม กำหนดความผิดและบทลงโทษที่เหมาะสม เพื่อลดโอกาสในการก่อภยันตรายในที่สาธารณะโดยใช้สารกัดกร่อนเป็นอาวุธในการก่ออาชญากรรม และ กำหนดความผิดฐานพาสารกัดกร่อนติดตัวไปในสาธารณสถาน เว้นแต่เป็นกรณีที่มีเหตุอันควรหรือมีอำนาจตามกฎหมาย หรือมีไว้เพื่อนำไปใช้ในการประกอบอาชีพโดยสุจริต รวมถึงเสนอแนะการวางแนวทางของศาลว่าควรตีความให้สารกัดกร่อนเป็นอาวุธโดยสภาพ

Renewable Energy Federalism, Danielle Stokes

Law Faculty Publications

No one seriously questions that an improved and decarbonized energy supply system is a key component of climate change mitigation, but the United States’ system of federalism complicates the siting of utility-scale renewable energy facilities. The new Biden Administration presents the United States with an opportunity to reimagine how this country regulates renewable energy siting, allowing for substantial national progress in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Currently, primary siting authority for renewable energy projects rests with state and local governments, which generally exercise that authority through zoning and land use planning, while the federal government approves most interstate energy delivery systems. …

Learning From Hobby Lobby’S Misdeeds: Crafting New International Due Diligence Standards For Human Rights And Cultural Heritage, Taryn Chubb

American Indian Law Review

No abstract provided.

Reprint: American Indian Law And The Spirit World, Rennard Strickland

American Indian Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Last Breakfast With Aunt Jemima And Its Impact On Trademark Theory, Deborah R. Gerhardt

Faculty Publications

The generally-accepted law and economics theory of trademarks fails to explain why a brand owner would ever walk away from a trademark that generates financially lucrative returns. In 2020, that is exactly what happened again and again as brand owners pledged to abandon racially explicit marks in the weeks following George Floyd’s murder. As citizens became more attuned to the experiences of those depicted in racial marks, the owners of Aunt Jemima, Uncle Ben’s, the Cleveland Indians, the Redskins, the Dixie Chicks, Lady Antebellum and others announced these brands’ days were numbered. By evoking racist stereotypes, they became a moral …

Citation Stickiness, Computer-Assisted Legal Research, And The Universe Of Thinkable Thoughts, Aaron S. Kirschenfeld, Alexa Z. Chew

Faculty Publications

This article seeks to answer two main questions. The first is whether courts cited the same cases as the parties more often during the print era than during the digital era. The second is what, if anything, the answer to the first question can contribute to the debate about how print-era forms of organizing and describing case law influenced researchers’ behavior. To that end, we sampled cases from 1957, 1987, and 2017, and used “citation stickiness” to study the differences in how parties and judges cited authorities during each of those years. In short, we found that there is less …

Automated Video Interviewing As The New Phrenology, Ifeoma Ajunwa

Faculty Publications

This Article deploys the new business practice of automated video interviewing as a case study to illuminate the limitations of traditional employment antidiscrimination laws. Employment antidiscrimination laws are inadequate to address the unlawful discrimination attributable to emerging workplace technologies which gatekeep employment opportunities. The Article maintains that the practice of automated video interviewing is based on shaky or unproven social scientific principles that disproportionately impact racial minorities. In this way, the practice of automated video interviewing is analogous to the pseudoscience of phrenology, which enabled societal and economic exclusion through the legitimization of eugenicist and racist attitudes. After parsing the …

White Injury And Innocence: On The Legal Future Of Antiracism Education, Osamudia James

Faculty Publications

In the wake of the “racial reckoning” of 2020, antiracism education attracted intense attention and prompted renewed educator commitments to teach more explicitly about the function, operation, and harm of racism in the United States. The increased visibility of antiracism education engendered sustained critique and opposition, resulting in executive orders prohibiting its adoption in the federal government, the introduction or adoption of over sixty state-level bills attempting to control how race is taught in schools, and a round of lawsuits challenging antiracism education as racially discriminatory. Because antiracism so directly runs afoul of norms underlying American antidiscrimination law, including anticlassification, …

The Effect Of Climate Change, Human Activity, And Water Management Interventions On Environmental And Socio-Economic Outcomes In The Mekong Delta Region, Huynh Truong Gia Nguyen

Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects

The Vietnam Mekong Delta (VMD) is the southernmost part of the Mekong River watershed basin and plays a critical role in Vietnam’s socio-economic and ecological wellbeing. Because of both climate change and anthropogenic activities, such as hydropower dam construction and overwhelming water extraction, the area has recently experienced severe droughts, changing rainfall patterns, and decreasing water resources, collectively heightening disaster risks. Understanding the interactions among these evolving factors is key to preserving resources in the VMD and similarly afflicted regions. Therefore, this dissertation included three objectives. The first objective was to estimate potential impacts of changes in the available water …

Citizenship Disparities, Emily Ryo, Reed Humphrey

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

It Takes A Village: Tribalism As A Premise To Understand Societal Responsibility And Impact Of Mass Violence, Paige D. Schultz

Graduate School of Professional Psychology: Doctoral Papers and Masters Projects

What is a mass shooter? This is difficult to answer as there is no single definition. The definition of a mass shooter depends on contextual factors including victim count, setting, and motivation (Gramlich, 2019). The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) defines active shooters as “one or more individuals actively engaged in killing or attempting to kill people in a populated area” (Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2021, page 1). While other definitions are used to identify a mass shooter, given the breadth of study in this area by the FBI, this paper will use the FBI definition.

Enhancing Police Accountability And Legitimacy, Daniel L. Stageman

Publications and Research

As the institution responsible for exercising the state monopoly on violence within U.S. borders, the legitimacy of policing depends on its accountability through the democratic process. Ideally, police in a democracy are authorized by the voting public to use force in a manner that is limited, justifiable, and clearly in service of the aims of public safety and law enforcement - in other words to prevent the social harms associated with criminal behavior. A combination of factors including structural inequality, historical associations with white supremacy, and hyperlocal oversight structures present significant challenges to police legitimacy, especially in highly policed communities …

How Experts Have Dominated The Neuroscience Narrative In Criminal Cases For Twelve Decades: A Warning For The Future, Deborah W. Denno

Faculty Scholarship

Phineas Gage, the man who survived impalement by a rod through his head in 1848, is considered “one of the great medical curiosities of all time.” While expert accounts of Gage's post-accident personality changes are often wildly damning and distorted, recent research shows that Gage mostly thrived, despite his trauma. Studying past cases such as Gage’s helps us imagine—and prepare for—a future of law and neuroscience in which scientific debates over the brain’s functions remain fiery, and experts divisively control how we characterize brain-injured defendants.

This Article examines how experts have long dominated the neuroscience narrative in U.S. criminal cases, …

Global Scripts In Transnational Legal Orders And Governance, Susan Block-Lieb

Faculty Scholarship

Global scripts—the rules, norms, and standards in international texts, and the tacit assumptions that surround and give meaning to them—exist on numerous issues (finance, trade, economic development, climate change, education, human rights, and gender equality), at every level of engagement (international, national, local), and at every phase of recursive norm construction and contestation. Case studies involving global scripts appear across a wide range of scholarship—considering sociological, anthropological, or sociolegal perspectives, or on international political economy, international organizations, international relations, or law and development—but because they are focused on one piece of the puzzle at a time, variation exists regarding the …

Innovation And Equality: An Approach To Constructing A Community Governed Network Commons, Rider W. Foley, Olivier Sylvain, Shelila Foster

Faculty Scholarship

Networked computing affords users distinct opportunities to communicate with each other, build relationships, transact business, and create. Yet, the digital divide perpetuates existing disparities between social groups. Interventions that rely on private ownership or philanthropy often fall short. Efforts to redress these disparities require collaboration across academic disciplines and with government and private sector organizations. This paper chronicles efforts in Harlem to address this through a collaborative approach to networked computing. We draw on two concepts--responsible innovation and co-governance--to sketch a community-based approach to networked computing. Second, the article identifies two potential systems, based in property law, through which a …

The Mountain Home: Spatial And Optimal Foraging Assessments Of Hunter- Gatherer Mountain Landscape Use In The Beartooth Mountains, Montana, Scott William Dersam

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Patterns of cultural mountain adaptations are recorded throughout the Western Cordillera of North America. They demonstrate prolonged and complex uses of these ecosystems over the Holocene. What behaviors or circumstances in the Early Holocene transitioned mountains from inhospitable to reliable territory? This research addresses this question in the Beartooth Mountains of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE).

Foraging behaviors dictate hunter-gatherer mobility and habitation patterning. These behaviors are reflected in the spatial arrangement of archaeological activity areas and lithic tools in mountainous ecosystems. Energy-demanding ecosystems, require foraging behaviors and habitation strategies that conserve energy. I assert that to understand the emergence …

Archaeological Investigations And Historic Artifact Analysis For Three Projects In Yellowstone National Park, Monte Keoua White

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

No abstract provided.

Understanding And Improving Barriers To Treatment And Care Of Postpartum Depression, Marcy N. Hanson

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Background: Postpartum depression (PPD) is a multifaceted and complex issue that impacts not only the mother, but also the infant and social system and may influence how healthcare is accessed. Compounding the effects of PPD are comorbidities such as perinatal substance use. Utilization of substances during pregnancy can increase feelings of anxiety and depression, result in cognitive and physiological consequences for the infant and impair relationships with healthcare providers.

Purpose: The studies completed for this dissertation revealed current concerns regarding PPD within the context of screening practices, perinatal substance use and rural practice implications.

Methods: Three studies were conducted. Study …

The Effects Humidity & Temperature Has On Dna Contamination During Storage, Samantha L. Ramey

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Studies have been conducted on DNA cross-contamination throughout the criminal investigation process in order to evaluation the possibility that DNA from one sample could potentially influence the outcome of another. However, no published studies have examined the potential for contamination during the storage of genetic evidence after samples have been taken from crime scenes or suspects. This study is a continuation of a preliminary project, which examined storage drying time in relation to cross-contamination. The current study tested temperature and humidity for the potential of cross-contamination during storage prior to extraction. Prior to storage, 50 μl of male saliva was …

The Effects Humidity & Temperature Has On Dna Contamination During Storage, Samantha Leigh Allison Ramey

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Studies have been conducted on DNA cross-contamination throughout the criminal investigation process in order to evaluation the possibility that DNA from one sample could potentially influence the outcome of another. However, no published studies have examined the potential for contamination during the storage of genetic evidence after samples have been taken from crime scenes or suspects. This study is a continuation of a preliminary project, which examined storage drying time in relation to cross-contamination. The current study tested temperature and humidity for the potential of cross-contamination during storage prior to extraction. Prior to storage, 50 μl of male saliva was …

Adaptation In Rangeland Social-Ecological Systems: A Mixed-Methods, Cross-Scale Examination Of Factors Influencing Ranchers’ Adaptation To Drought And Climate Change, Ada Parkhurst Smith

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Rangeland social-ecological systems (SESs), which make up vast tracts of land on Earth, are critical for safeguarding ecosystem services, producing food and fiber, protecting open space, contributing to local and regional economies, and maintaining cultures and knowledges. Sustaining rangelands, the ranching livelihoods that depend on them, and the suite of ecosystem goods and services they provide hinges on a greater understanding of the social processes that influence ranchers' ability to adapt within these changing systems. In this study, I used a mixed-methods approach to examine factors influencing ranchers’ adaptation to drought and climate change across scales.

In Chapter 3, I …

Traversing Paradigms: An Environmental Journey To Body And Mind, Martin Ceja Mejia

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Traumatic life experiences altered the way I perceive the world. As a result, I embark on a journey to reshape my relationship to self, the built and natural world; to environment. In this thesis I ask: How do I want to relate to the environment? Considering I am a doubly colonized agent, I also aim to decolonize my relationship to environment along the process. Therefore, this work aims to formulate a new, personal, relationship to environment through academic literature, history, psychology, Indigenous knowledge and science, and literary studies, among other fields of knowledge. This work is interdisciplinary in nature; life …

Linear Programming Analysis And Diet Breadth Modeling At Bridge River, British Columbia, Sean Patrick Boyd

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Studies in diet breadth modeling and patch choice have been and continue to be a hot topic of interest among practitioners of human behavioral ecology and the set of data available at Bridge River can certainly add to these debates and discussions that have been dominating anthropology in the past few decades. The faunal assemblage of Housepit 54’s 17 anthropogenic floors have provided researchers with a plethora of data that clearly indicates periods of resource depletion and partial to full site abandonment. Using Linear Programming and Diet Breadth Modelling I analyze the most represented species in the record and establish …

The Evolution Of Morphological Diversity And Sexual Dimorphism In Stick And Leaf Insects, Romain Pascal Gilbert Eric Boisseau

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

How has the diversity of life forms come to be? This question is at the core of evolutionary biology and can be addressed at different scales: by studying the processes that drive modifications within populations of organisms generation after generation (microevolution), or by investigating patterns of changes on the tree of life over long periods of time (macroevolution). Understanding the ultimate drivers of morphological diversity eventually entails connecting microevolutionary processes with macroevolutionary patterns. My dissertation investigates the diversification of body and egg form and its drivers in a relatively small but particularly diverse insect order: the stick and leaf insects …

Preliminary Study In More Effective Utilization Of 87sr/86sr Analysis In The Field Of Forensic Anthropology, Samantha Powers

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Isotopic analyses are gaining attention in the field of anthropology. The current utilization of strontium isotopes primarily focuses on residence and migration patterns of past populations extracting data from tooth enamel to indicate early-life residence This study aims to identify a skeletal feature to be set as a field standard in strontium analysis of modern remains when seeking end-of-life residence, the impact of diagenesis on modern remains, and to test the accuracy of the petrous as an alternative to tooth enamel.

The results of this research were unable to suggest such a standard but gathered helpful data to be used …

Y-Chromosome Dna Extraction From Post-Cranial Skeletal Elements, Mykala D. Ward

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

The use of DNA in forensic science has become an integral tool for victim and perpetrator identifications, missing person’s cases, paternity testing, etc. A major use of DNA is in the identification of unknown deceased individuals. With a reported number of individuals well over 8,000 in the United States, improved methods to accurately collect and analyze DNA from modern human bone are needed.

This project took the preliminary steps to improve DNA sampling and extraction methods by analyzing the Y-chromosome DNA yield from the two bone types. While both types are composed of the same materials, cortical bone is the …

Morphometric Ancestral Analysis Of Infraorbital Foramen And Maxillo-Facial Landmarks Of Adult North American Skulls Using X-Ray And Computed Tomography Scans, Anna-Marie Lynn David

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Skeletal remains provide a variety of information about a species population and the sub populations within that species. The infraorbital foramen has previously been used to understand dietary niches, paleoecology, the nervous system, and the effect of the nervous system on other bone functions in the facial region in humans and other mammals. In medicine, the precise location of the infraorbital foramen has been studied to aid and guide maxillo-facial procedures and surgeries. In this research project, the null hypothesis states that the placement and location of the infraorbital foramen in relation to other facial landmarks were the same between …

A Comprehensive Forensic Case Report With The University Of Montana Forensic Anthropology Lab University Of Montana Forensic Case #167, Tyler J. Trettin

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

This report consists of an inventory of the skeletal remains of case# 167, assessment of the minimum number of individuals (MNI), a biological profile if possible, and a literature review of the assessment and understanding of ballistic trauma. The skeletal remains are consistent with an MNI of one. The remains are likely from a male individual, and skeletal features are representative of a person of Caucasian ancestry. The individual is estimated to be between of 35-65 years old with an estimated stature of between 5’5” and 5’9”.

"A Blacker List Of Crime Was Never Looked Upon": Mormon Violence, Utah Statehood, And The Memory Of The Mountain Meadows Massacre, Lerene K. Mcfarland

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

No abstract provided.