Digital Commons Network^™

Neutrosophic Sets In Neural Networks: Theory, Applications, And Challenges, Vladimir Simic, Dragan Pamucar, Hafiz Muhammad Athar Farid

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

The integration of neutrosophic sets into neural networks presents a novel approach to handling uncertainty, indeterminacy, and falsity in data. Traditional neural networks typically operate under the assumption of precise and complete data, but real-world applications often involve noisy, incomplete, or ambiguous information. Neutrosophic sets extend fuzzy logic by incorporating three components: truth, indeterminacy, and falsity, allowing for a more nuanced representation of uncertain data. This paper explores the theoretical foundations of neutrosophic sets and their integration with neural networks, highlighting the challenges in computational complexity, training, and optimization. The paper also discusses the potential applications of neutrosophic neural networks …

Neutrosophic Probability With Dynamic Temporal Uncertainty (Nptu), Bhimraj Basumatary, Ashoke Kumar Brahma

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

This paper introduces Neutrosophic Probability with Dynamic Temporal Uncertainty (NPTU), an extension of classical neutrosophic probability that incorporates the dimension of time. In classical neutrosophic probability, the degrees of truth, indeterminacy, and falsity are considered static. However, real-world uncertainties evolve, and their degrees change as new information becomes available. NPTU models these uncertainties dynamically, allowing for more accurate decision-making in time-varying environments. The paper explores key mathematical properties of NPTU, including entropy, distance measures, similarity measures, and Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence, to quantify and compare temporal uncertainty states. The proposed framework is demonstrated through a case study on stock price prediction, …

Double-Valued Complex Neutrosophic Graphs, Suriyakumar G, V. J. Sudhakar, Takaaki Fujita

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

This paper introduces a novel graph-theoretic framework, called the double-valued complex neutrosophic graph, as an extension of double-valued neutrosophic set theory. Within this framework, we investigate several important classes of such graphs, including self-complementary, strong, and full double-valued complex neutrosophic graphs, and establish a number of their fundamental properties. To clarify the proposed concepts and demonstrate their structural behavior, several relevant illustrative examples are also provided.

A Hybrid Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Approach For Sustainable Forest Fire Monitoring Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, Mohamed Eassa, Ahmed Abdelhafeez, Ahmad M. Nagm

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have become an effective tool for forest fire monitoring. This study evaluates UAVs for forest fire management, addressing the challenges posed by ambiguous and uncertain factors. Single-valued neutrosophic sets (SVNSs) are employed to model complex uncertainties, as they incorporate three distinct membership values: false, true, and indeterminate. The evaluation of UAVs is a multifaceted task due to the variety of factors involved. To address this complexity, multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods are used. Specifically, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) are integrated with SVNS to …

Regulation Of Zygotic Genome Activation By The Nucleocytoplasmic Ratio, Lily Acker, Hui Chen

Faculty Publications

During early development, embryos undergo the maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT), when control of development shifts from maternal factors to the newly activated zygotic genome. Decades of studies in various model organisms suggest that the nucleocytoplasmic (N/C) ratio is a key regulator of zygotic genome activation (ZGA), though this relationship is more nuanced in some organisms than others. Changing the nuclear content, nucleus size or cell size has been shown to shift the timing of ZGA. Mechanistically, the N/C ratio is linked to fundamental cellular processes that regulate genome activities, including nuclear import, repressor titration, activator accumulation, cell cycle lengthening, and chromatin …

Toxicity, Chemistry, And Public Health Relevance Of Emerging Nicotine Analog Vapes, Pods, And Pouches., Rhea Raghu, Mohana Sengupta, Karen Lin, Felix Effah, Robert M. Strongin, Irfan Rahman

Chemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

Electronic nicotine delivery system manufacturers, such as Charlie's Holdings Inc., ECBlend, Outlaw, and NicRiver, have recently introduced nicotine analogs, such as 6-methyl nicotine, 6-MN ("Metatine"), and nicotinamide, NA ("Nixamide," "Nixodine," or "Nixotin-free base and salt") in products to circumvent the U.S. FDA's premarket tobacco product application (PMTA) requirements. Marketed as "tobacco-free," "PMTA-exempt," or "FDA-approved," these compounds now appear in oral nicotine pouches and disposable bars/vapes from brands such as Outlaw Dip, Kumi-Six, SBX, Katchmi, and Spree Bar under proprietary labels including "NoNic6," "Metatine," or "NIC-SAFE." These products often mimic the appeal of conventional nicotine delivery systems, with extensive use of …

Post-Hemorrhagic Hydrocephalus Of Prematurity Is Associated With Disruption Of Tight Junctions And Increased Macrophage Activity In The Choroid Plexus, Maria Garcia-Bonilla, Rajiv Swarup, Owen W Limbrick, Habeebah Z Vohra, Ayodamola Otun, Konrad Mckalip, William Bernhardt, Kirill Shumilov, Marie Michenkova, Jayne Crouthamel, Mackenzie Newman, Krikor Dikranian, James P Mcallister Ii, David D Limbrick

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Previous studies on intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), a common and severe complication of preterm birth, and subsequent post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH), have predominantly concentrated on the secretory function of the choroid plexus (ChP), with considerably less emphasis on its barrier function. We hypothesized that PHH is associated with immune-related alterations in the junction biology of ChP. METHODS: We examined differences in tight junctions and macrophages using a neonatal mouse model of PHH (n = 40) and in vitro ChP explants (n = 22), as well as human post-mortem samples (n = 6). To test our hypothesis, we employed histology, immunofluorescence, magnetic …

Breast Cancer-Derived Extracellular Vesicle Mir-425-5p (Mir-425) Promotes Brain Metastasis Via Activating Astrocytes Through The Novel Mir-425-Znf24-Ccl8 Signaling Axis, Grace L Wong, Munazza S Khan, Sara Manore, Shivani Bindal, Ravi Singh, Hui-Wen Lo

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Mechanisms underlying breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM) are still not well understood. Here, we identified that BCBM patient serum contained extracellular vesicles (EVs) with high levels of microRNAs (miRNAs)-107 and -425. Levels of miR-107 and miR-425 were elevated in brain metastases, and the elevation was associated with poor patient prognoses. Ectopic expression of miR-107 and miR-425 promoted mammospheres; however, the inhibition of miR-425, but not miR-107, suppressed breast cancer mammosphere formation. We further observed that EVs from miR-425-overexpressing breast cancer cells strongly activated astrocytes whereas their inhibitors abrogated the effect. Conditioned media from miR-425-activated astrocytes promoted mammospheres. To elucidate how …

Predictive Role Of Mindset And Neuroplasticity Knowledge On Epistemological Beliefs Among Academic Doctors, Fahad A Somaa

Journal of Medical Rehabilitation Science

Background: Neuroplasticity the brain's capacity for structural and functional reorganization, plays a central role in learning, adaptation, and professional development. Educators' understanding of neuroplasticity, together with their mindset, may influence their epistemological beliefs and teaching practices. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which mindset and neuroplasticity knowledge predict epistemological beliefs among academic doctors working in medical and rehabilitation education. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was undertaken among the 309 academic doctors working in medical colleges and teaching hospitals. Demographics, neuroplasticity knowledge, mindset and epistemological beliefs were the primary outcome measures and collected data. …

National Durc Capacity Building Program: A Novel Ipe Model For Responsible Life Science Research Education, Wael Elrayes, Ali Asy, Maha Farid

Interprofessional Academy of Educators Spotlight on Scholarship

Background: Educating scientists on Dual-Use Research of Concern (DURC) and Responsible Use of Life Science Research (RULSR) requires innovative approaches that overcome geographic and expertise barriers while maintaining engagement and educational rigor. This project utilized a novel IPE approach engaging scientists and researchers across multiple health professions disciplines within a One Health framework. We developed and implemented the world's first national-level DURC capacity-building program using a hybrid educational model. Methods: The program employed a two-phase hybrid design combining virtual and in-person modalities. Phase I delivered 13 virtual sessions over three months by international faculty from four countries, engaging 140 scientists …

Sulfatase Modifying Factors Control The Timing Of Zebrafish Convergence And Extension Morphogenesis, Ailen Soledad Cervino, Amrita Basu, Ryan J Weiss, Gursimran Kaur Bajwa, Rubén Marín-Juez, Sandra L Grimm, Cristian Coarfa, Margot Kossmann Williams

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Convergence and extension (C&E) cell movements that elongate the primary embryonic axis are precisely timed during vertebrate gastrulation, but mechanisms controlling their onset remain unknown. Using zebrafish embryonic explants that recapitulate C&E and its timing, we identified sulfatase modifying factor 2 (sumf2) as a candidate trigger gene for C&E onset. sumf2 and its paralog sumf1 encode negative and positive sulfatase regulators, respectively, whose expression levels invert and increase heparan sulfate sulfation during gastrulation. Overexpressing sumf1 or sumf2 causes delayed or precocious C&E, respectively, whereas their loss shifts C&E timing in the opposite direction. We identified Sulf1, a modifier of heparan …

High-Power Dual-Channel Chamber For High-Frequency Magnetic Neuromodulation, Xiaoyang Tian, Hui Wang, Boshuo Wang, Jinshui Zhang, Dong Yan, Jeannette Ingabire, Samantha Coffler, Guillaume Duret, Quoc-Khanh Pham, Gang Bao, Junzhe Wang, Ashok Veeraraghavan, Jacob T Robinson, Stefan M Goetz, Angel V Peterchev

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Objective. Several novel methods, including magnetogenetics and magnetoelectric stimulation, use high frequency alternating magnetic fields to precisely manipulate neural activity. To quantify the behavioral effects of such interventions in a freely moving mouse, we developed a dual-channel magnetic chamber, specifically designed for rate-sensitive magnetothermal-genetic stimulation, and adaptable for other uses of alternating magnetic fields.

Approach. Through an optimized coil design, the system allows independent control of two spatially orthogonal uniform magnetic fields delivered at different frequencies within a 10 × 10 × 6 cm3 chamber suitable for mouse studies. The two channels have nominal frequencies of 50 and 550 kHz …

An International Approach To Homelessness. Part Ii. Slums Demolition Or Upgrading?, Pranit Lanjewar, Jaroslaw Richard Romaniuk

Faculty Scholarship

In search of the best approach to eradicating homelessness in underdeveloped countries with large populations, we conducted interviews with professionals involved in different models of helping the unhoused. Although it has been established that the Housing First model combined with human services is the best model to end homelessness, the cost of housing might be prohibitive for many national governments. In situations where governments are over-whelmed by the numbers of homeless people, communities and organizations develop specific methods and practices to meet the needs of unhoused individuals. For the purpose of this paper, phenomenological research was undertaken to learn how …

Organic Management Of Pillbugs And Sowbugs In Strawberries And Other Fruits, Briger Carey, Marion Murray, Emilie Demard, Jennifer R. Reeve

All Current Publications

Pillbugs and sowbugs are collectively known as isopods that typically feed on soil organic matter, but under certain conditions, they can be a pest of many young plants and berries. This fact sheet reviews identification, life cycle, damage, and organic management strategies for pillbugs and sowbugs.

Helminth Coinfections Mitigate Clinical, Parasitological, And Immune Outcomes In Mozambican Children With Malaria, Inocência Cuamba, Rebeca Santano, Berta Grau-Pujol, Marta Vidal, Ruth Aguilar, Anélsio Cossa, Chenjerai Jairoce, Rojelio Mejia, Augusto Nhabomba, Jose Muñoz, Gemma Moncunill, Carlota Dobaño

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Clearance of Plasmodium falciparum infection requires a TH1 immune response with production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IgG1, and IgG3 responses. In contrast, infections with helminths are dominated by TH2/Treg immune responses characterized by production of anti-inflammatory cytokines, IgE, and IgG4, which could potentially interfere with malaria outcomes and immune responses.

Methods: We recruited 441 malaria-symptomatic children aged 2-10 years attending two hospitals in the Manhiça District (Mozambique) and assessed infection by rapid antigen diagnostic test, microscopy, and/or quantitative PCR. Using Luminex, we measured concentrations of 30 cytokines and IgA, IgM, IgE, IgG, and IgG1-4 levels against 12 P. falciparum antigens …

Impact Of Tropical Cyclones On Food And Nutrition Security: A Global Scoping Review And Thematic Analysis, Patience M. Chiotha, Budi Haryanto

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

The increasing frequency and intensity of tropical cyclones driven by climate change pose growing threats to food and nutrition security. Globally, an estimated 80–90 tropical cyclones occur annually, affecting approximately 119 million people. Evidence regarding their impact on food systems, dietary patterns, and nutritional status remains fragmented. This scoping review aimed to map global evidence on the impacts of tropical cyclones on food and nutrition security, identify key pathways of impact, and examine affected indicators at household and individual levels. The review followed Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines and PRISMA-ScR. Searches were conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google …

Risk Factors Of Leptospirosis Among Agricultural Workers In Southeast Asia: Literature Review, Ronggo Adi Wibowo, Wawa Najwa Nurzakia, Meirany Sasitha Kirana, Yulia Arthemisia Wijaya, Jasmine Ayumaharani Sekaryudha, Dwi Sarwani Sri Rejeki, Rosita Dwi Jayanti

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

The agricultural sector is the primary source of livelihood for communities in Southeast Asia; however, these activities increase the risk of exposure to zoonotic diseases, particularly leptospirosis. Southeast Asia is one of the regions with the highest incidence of leptospirosis in the world. This literature review aims to identify risk factors for leptospirosis among agricultural workers in Southeast Asia. The search for research articles utilized three databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect) using a descriptive approach based on literature review and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. A total of 9,800 articles were screened for …

What Is Alive? Students’ Conceptions Of The Traits That Unite Living Organisms, Jeremy L. Hsu, Meredith A. Dorner, Kate Hill

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Biology is the study of life, but students often hold misconceptions about what it means to be alive, with children often associating life with movement. These misconceptions can lead to biases in what students think is alive, with younger children often not thinking of plants as living given their lack of discernable movement. Despite this past work, there have been no prior studies that we are aware of that have examined how students in introductory biology conceptualize what it means to be alive. Here, we draw upon a fortuitous dataset collected from an in-class activity done on the first day …

Modulation Of Pulpal Mmp-8 And Vegf-Alpha By Bioactive Calcium Silicate And Blood Cockle Shell Extract Combination In Rats, Angelia Conny Nidiaty, Noor Hikmah, Kezia Rachellea Mustakim, Wahyuni Suci Dwiandhany, Hafsah Katu, Juni Jekti Nugroho

International Arab Journal of Dentistry

Objectives: This study evaluated MMP-8 and VEGF-Alpha expression in rat dental pulp inflammation after application of bioactive calcium silicate combined with blood cockle shell extract.

Methods: Forty mandibular incisors were randomly assigned to four groups: 100% bioactive calcium silicate (control) and three treatment groups containing 25%, 50%, or 75% shell extract with the remainder calcium silicate. Direct pulp capping was performed, and samples were collected on days 1, 3, 7, and 14.

Results: Immunohistochemistry and one-way ANOVA revealed significant differences in MMP-8 expression on days 1 and 3, and VEGF-Alpha expression across all time points (p < 0.05). The 75% shell extract group showed the lowest MMP-8 and highest VEGF-Alpha expression.

Conclusions: These findings suggest …

Cigarettes Versus Electronic Cigarettes: The Effects On The Oral Cavity, Paolo Boffano, Muhammad Ruslin, Andrea Melle

International Arab Journal of Dentistry

Objectives: To date, there is a large amount of scientific evidence on the effects of smoke-free products on oral health, highlighting their potential in reducing the risk of causing and progressing smoking-related diseases. In contrast to the last statement, other studies confirm the cytotoxic and tissue effects of nicotine-containing e-cigarette liquid. The purpose of this study was to review the literature and to evaluate the damage caused by cigarette smoking in comparison with that caused by e-cigarettes.

Methods: Our study considered the consultation of the bibliographic databases “Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System”. The research was carried out by using …

Investigating The Interlanguage Fossilization Of English Writing In Foreign Language Acquisition, Ammar Abdul Fattah Habeeb

Journal of Language, Literature, and Arts

Interlanguage fossilization represents a common phenomenon in Foreign/Second language acquisition. The current study attempted to investigate the students’ writing compositions to reveal if interlanguage fossilization occurred or not. A diagnostic test has been used to collect the data. A sample of this study was chosen randomly from 20 EFL students of the sixth year preparatory schools in the academic year (2023-2024). The findings of this study displayed that two kinds of interlanguage fossilization are found and achieved by students. Morphological fossilization and syntactical fossilization. Morphological fossilization contained (85.63%) and syntactical fossilization consisted of (14.37) %.Low English proficiency led students’ writing …

The Representation Of Bisexuality In Avatar: The Rise Of Kyoshi By F. C. Yee, Abdurrafi Nugraha Putra, Mochamad Ilham, Supiastutik Supiastutik

Journal of Language, Literature, and Arts

LGBT identities are often perceived as deviant within society; however, their representation has increasingly appeared across various media, including films, novels, and music. This study examines the representation of bisexuality in Avatar: The Rise of Kyoshi by F. C. Yee*. The data are drawn from narrative elements that reflect bisexual themes and are analyzed using Stuart Hall’s theory of representation, supported by Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick’s concept of homosocial desire. The findings show that bisexuality is represented through Kyoshi’s relationships with two characters: Yun (male) and Rangi (female). These relationships develop through three phases: heterosexual, homosocial, and homosexual. The interaction between …

Effects Of Types And Amount Of Organic Matter On The Engineering Properties Of Soil, Afaq H. Malleh, Mohammed Y. Fattah, Hussein H. Karim

Engineering and Technology Journal

Organic soils exhibit highly variable geotechnical behavior due to differences in the type, content, and decomposition state of organic matter, which are often inadequately distinguished in engineering practice. This study investigates the influence of organic matter origin on soil behavior through a comparative analysis of sapric organic soils and sewage sludge soil tested under identical one-dimensional consolidation conditions. Laboratory tests included physical characterization, standard consolidation tests under vertical stresses of 200 kPa and 800 kPa, post-consolidation organic matter measurements, and microstructural analyses using SEM–EDS and XRD. The results show that increasing sapric organic matter content from 23% to 35% led …

The Secret Of Smerdyakov, Abigail M. Munzar

Global Tides

This paper analyzes the mysterious character of Pavel Smerdyakov from Dostoevsky’s novel, The Brothers Karamazov, by examining his loveless upbringing, motives for murdering Fyodor Karamazov, and his final conversations with Ivan Karamazov, to argue that Smerdyakov committed suicide out of guilt from his crime. Smerdyakov may have had a potential conversion to Christianity which would have triggered an identity crisis in which he was tormented between accepting Christ’s love and hanging on to his lifelong hatred. Thus, he would have committed suicide out of remorse from his sin like the biblical Judas and an inability to choose between conversion or …

Freedom Doesn't Knock, Emmah Schuster

Night Flight: Online Literary Journal

Freedom Doesn’t Knock follows Mara during the first day after leaving a strict religious community that once defined her entire life. Alone and uncertain, she moves through ordinary moments, ordering breakfast, sitting in a park, stepping into a clothing shop, that slowly reveal the emotional weight of losing her family and identity. Through these small but meaningful experiences, Mara begins to realize that freedom is not a single dramatic moment, but a series of quiet, uncertain steps toward rebuilding herself.

Volume 66-2, November 2025, Nancy Hoalst Pullen, Mark W. Patterson

The Geographical Bulletin

Volume 66-2, November 2025: Complete

Prairie, Nature, Innovation: Midwest Identity Represented In State Quarters, Kady Nolte, Gillian Acheson

The Geographical Bulletin

The US Commemorative Quarter Program, begun in 1999, was wildly popular with millions of people collecting the coins. Fifty new designs were introduced for the quarter’s reverse that intended to represent each state’s unique history and identity. These coins are a piece of material culture that can be studied to understand how they represent place identity, specifically state and regional identity in the US Midwest. In this study, quarters were examined using content analysis to understand how each design represented its state. Coins were studied individually and then wholistically to identify commonalities shared within the Midwest. Three themes were identified …

Therepairer_Vol16no9_Sep1911

The Repairer

No abstract provided.

Therepairer_Vol16no6_Jun1911

The Repairer

No abstract provided.

Therepairer_Vol16no4_Apr1911

The Repairer

No abstract provided.