Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Digital Commons Network™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Discipline
Institution
Keyword
Publication Year
Publication
Publication Type
File Type

Articles 65491 - 65520 of 733885

Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network

Love Bash Event Branding For Potter League, Shea Lambert, Julia Schiels Jan 2024

Love Bash Event Branding For Potter League, Shea Lambert, Julia Schiels

Student Research Design & Innovation Symposium

As part of a Directed Experiential Education course, we worked with Potter League for Animals to design new branding for their 2025 Love Bash event. The Love Bash event is a premier spring fundraiser that takes place at the Wyndham Newport Hotel in Middletown, Rhode Island. We were responsible for designing a logo and defining brand standards for this event that aligned with Potter League’s existing brand. We were given extensive creative freedom with limited constraints. These constraints consisted of incorporating the logo mark and brand colors so that the brand identity was recognizable. Our designs for the new Love …


Rhode Island Composting Barriers And Solutions, Nicole Vanwort Jan 2024

Rhode Island Composting Barriers And Solutions, Nicole Vanwort

Student Research Design & Innovation Symposium

Every year, there is approximately 1.3 trillion tons of food waste sent to the landfill that breakdowns anaerobically releasing approximately 3.3 trillion tons of greenhouse gas into the atmosphere, with methane being the most detrimental contribution to climate change. In response to landfill greenhouse gas concerns, the EPA created the Food Waste Hierarchy, a list of six potential ways to divert food out of the landfill. Amongst this list is composting through aerobic and anaerobic digestion. In 2016, Rhode Island enacted a commercial food waste ban for food producers creating over a hundred and four tons of waste per year. …


Exceptionality Of Space: Sexual Violence In “The Camp. A Little Girl From Karabakh” By Gunel Movlud, Eva Lennartz Jan 2024

Exceptionality Of Space: Sexual Violence In “The Camp. A Little Girl From Karabakh” By Gunel Movlud, Eva Lennartz

Khazar Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

In the autobiographical novel “The Camp. A Little Girl from Karabakh” the Azerbaijani author Gunel Movlud describes her experiences of living in a refugee camp in the Sabirabad region of Azerbaijan. Movlud was forced to flee her home town in the Nagorno-Karabakh region during the First Karabakh War(1988-1994). For five years, she lived in the tent camp. In the novel, Movlud describes the hardships of the life in the camp and different characters from her personal perspective. What is striking from her observations is the amount of sexual violence apparent in the camp and the seemingly tacit acceptance of the …


Climate, Disease, And Upheaval In The Turkic World In The 14th-15th Centuries, Uli Schamiloglu Jan 2024

Climate, Disease, And Upheaval In The Turkic World In The 14th-15th Centuries, Uli Schamiloglu

Khazar Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

This paper examines the role of climate and disease as a major factor resulting in disruption and upheaval in the Turkic world in the 14th-15th centuries. The first issue the paper addresses is the beginning of the climatic downturn in circa 1280, which will ultimately culminate in the Little Ice Age of the late 15th-18th centuries. The paper cites recent work on the role of climate in the History/ Archaeology of Iran. While the author has explored this issue in detail for the History/ Archaeology of the Golden Horde, the impact of climate change on Iran in the 14th15th centuries …


Synthesis, Characterization And Anticancer Activity Of Chitosan Schiff Base / Pvp Gold Nano Composite In Treating Esophageal Cancer Cell Line, Maha A. Younus, Baker F. Abdallaha Jan 2024

Synthesis, Characterization And Anticancer Activity Of Chitosan Schiff Base / Pvp Gold Nano Composite In Treating Esophageal Cancer Cell Line, Maha A. Younus, Baker F. Abdallaha

Baghdad Science Journal

In the present paper, chitosan Schiff base has been synthesized from chitosan’s reaction with the salicyldehyde. The AuNPs was manufacture by extract of onion peels as a reducing agent. The Au NPs that have been prepared were characterized through the UV-vis spectroscopy, XRD analyses and SEM microscopy. The polymer blends of the chitosan Schiff base / PVP has been prepared through using the approach of solution casting. Chitosan Schiff base / PVP Au nano-composites was prepared. Nano composites and polymer blends have been characterized by FTIR which confirm the formation of Schiff base by revealing a new band of absorption …


Gendered Violence And Sexualized Representations In Video Games: (Lack Of) Effect On Gender-Related Attitudes, Liam Cross, Linda K. Kaye, Juris Savostijanovs, Neil Mclatchie, Matthew Johnston, Liam Whiteman, Robyn Mooney, Gray Atherton Jan 2024

Gendered Violence And Sexualized Representations In Video Games: (Lack Of) Effect On Gender-Related Attitudes, Liam Cross, Linda K. Kaye, Juris Savostijanovs, Neil Mclatchie, Matthew Johnston, Liam Whiteman, Robyn Mooney, Gray Atherton

School of Psychology

This research explored how gender portrayals in video games affect gender-related attitudes. Two hundred participants from the United Kingdom and Malaysia participated across three experiments, where the appearance and behaviour of video game characters were manipulated with regard to target (enemy) gender (Study 1), sexually explicit attire (Study 2) and level of character agency (Study 3). We found minimal evidence that exposure to gender-stereotyped content resulted in differential gender-related attitudes (implicit associations, hostile and benevolent sexism, or rape myth acceptance). However, Study 1 findings showed that individuals who played a first-person shooter with male enemies showed lower endorsement of some …


Everyday Places To Get Away – Lessons Learned From Covid-19 Lockdowns, B. Gatersleben, Emma V. White, K.J. Wyles, S.E. Golding, G. Murrell, C. Scarles, T. Xu, B.F.T. Brockett, C. Willis Jan 2024

Everyday Places To Get Away – Lessons Learned From Covid-19 Lockdowns, B. Gatersleben, Emma V. White, K.J. Wyles, S.E. Golding, G. Murrell, C. Scarles, T. Xu, B.F.T. Brockett, C. Willis

School of Psychology

Being able to get away from everyday stressors and demands, even if close to home and just for a few minutes, is important for wellbeing. During the Covid-19 lockdown periods, people's ability to get away changed significantly. An increase in visits to nearby natural places is well documented. Little is known about other types of places people visited to get away. An online UK survey was conducted in 2020 (N = 850) investigating what places people visited to get away during the pandemic, what they did in those places, how place and activity choices were related to each other and …


Conservatism Negatively Predicts Creativity: A Study Across 28 Countries, Agata Groyecka-Bernard, Piotr Sorokowski, Maciej Karwowski, S. Craig Roberts, Toivo Aavik, Grace Akello, Charlotte Alm, Naumana Amjad, Kelly Asao, Chiemezie S. Atama, Derya Atamtürk Duyar, Richard Ayebare, Carlota Batres, Aicha Bensafia, Anna Bertoni, Boris Bizumic, Mahmoud Boussena, David M. Buss, Marina Butovskaya, Seda Can, Antonin Carrier, Hakan Cetinkaya, Daniel Conroy-Beam, Marco Antonio Correa Varella, Ilona Croy, Rosa María Cueto, Marta Czerwonka, Marcin Czub, Silvia Donato, Daria Dronova Jan 2024

Conservatism Negatively Predicts Creativity: A Study Across 28 Countries, Agata Groyecka-Bernard, Piotr Sorokowski, Maciej Karwowski, S. Craig Roberts, Toivo Aavik, Grace Akello, Charlotte Alm, Naumana Amjad, Kelly Asao, Chiemezie S. Atama, Derya Atamtürk Duyar, Richard Ayebare, Carlota Batres, Aicha Bensafia, Anna Bertoni, Boris Bizumic, Mahmoud Boussena, David M. Buss, Marina Butovskaya, Seda Can, Antonin Carrier, Hakan Cetinkaya, Daniel Conroy-Beam, Marco Antonio Correa Varella, Ilona Croy, Rosa María Cueto, Marta Czerwonka, Marcin Czub, Silvia Donato, Daria Dronova

School of Psychology

Previous studies have found a negative relationship between creativity and conservatism. However, as these studies were mostly conducted on samples of homogeneous nationality, the generalizability of the effect across different cultures is unknown. We addressed this gap by conducting a study in 28 countries. Based on the notion that attitudes can be shaped by both environmental and ecological factors, we hypothesized that parasite stress can also affect creativity and thus, its potential effects should be controlled for. The results of multilevel analyses showed that, as expected, conservatism was a significant predictor of lower creativity, adjusting for economic status, age, sex, …


La Formación Actoral En La Era Digital: Transformaciones Metodológicas En El Videojuego Contemporáneo (Estado De La Cuestión), En Innovación Y Expresión: Un Recorrido Por Las Artes, La Cultura Visual Y La Inteligencia Artificial En La Era Digital, Rubén Cantos Leal, David Alonso Urbano, Noel Pradana Sánchez Jan 2024

La Formación Actoral En La Era Digital: Transformaciones Metodológicas En El Videojuego Contemporáneo (Estado De La Cuestión), En Innovación Y Expresión: Un Recorrido Por Las Artes, La Cultura Visual Y La Inteligencia Artificial En La Era Digital, Rubén Cantos Leal, David Alonso Urbano, Noel Pradana Sánchez

Capítulos de libros

La industria de los videojuegos ha experimentado una transformación radical con la evolución tecnológica, afectando profundamente el arte de la actuación. Queremos profundizar en cómo se está adaptando la técnica actoral a este medio interactivo, destacando la creciente presencia de la actuación tradicional en el ámbito digital. Desde los teatros griegos hasta las pantallas de cine de Hollywood, la evolución de la actuación ha ido de la mano con la evolución tecnológica y cultural de la sociedad. En las últimas décadas, una nueva forma de entretenimiento ha emergido con fuerza: los videojuegos. Estos no solo han redefinido cómo interactuamos con …


Influence Of Cross-Country Skiing & Off-Leash Dogs On Wildlife Habitat Use In Lubrecht Experimental Forest, Sophie Ann Morris Jan 2024

Influence Of Cross-Country Skiing & Off-Leash Dogs On Wildlife Habitat Use In Lubrecht Experimental Forest, Sophie Ann Morris

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Outdoor recreation activities are seen as a type of anthropogenic stressor that can significantly impact wildlife. Despite winter recreational activities having a more negative effect on wildlife compared to summer or aquatic recreation, they are the least studied in terms of impact (Larson et al., 2016). Wildlife species can be influenced both temporally and spatially by the development of winter recreation trails and snow-based recreation (Braunisch et al., 2011; Olsen et al., 2018). This research combines natural and social science methods to assess how cross-country skiers affect wildlife activity patterns, guiding decisions about managing recreation. During two winter data collections, …


A Corpus-Based Comparison Of Keywords And Themes From The Book Of Mormon And The Bible, Brett James Hashimoto, Joshua Cowley Jan 2024

A Corpus-Based Comparison Of Keywords And Themes From The Book Of Mormon And The Bible, Brett James Hashimoto, Joshua Cowley

Faculty Publications

The Book of Mormon has been studied for its thematic, literary, and theological content using almost exclusively qualitative methods (e.g., Turley, 2019; Morrill, 2017). However, scholars have conducted little analysis comparing it to the Bible, even though those who view it as scripture consider it directly comparable in purpose. (e.g., The Book of Mormon, 2015; McConkie, 1985). The present study applies quantitative linguistic analysis to statistically derive the distinctive language from the two volumes of scripture and identifies the key themes and language from the two books. To accomplish this, corpora of The King James Version of the Bible (66 …


Neurological Evidence For The Contextindependent Multisensorial Semantics Of Ideophones In Pastaza Kichwa: An Fnirs Study In The Ecuadorian Amazon, Dan Dewey, Jeffrey J. Green, Janis Nuckolls, Auna Nygaard, Tod D. Swanson Jan 2024

Neurological Evidence For The Contextindependent Multisensorial Semantics Of Ideophones In Pastaza Kichwa: An Fnirs Study In The Ecuadorian Amazon, Dan Dewey, Jeffrey J. Green, Janis Nuckolls, Auna Nygaard, Tod D. Swanson

Faculty Publications

Ideophones – imitative words using the stream of speech to simulate/depict the rise and fall of sensory perceptions and emotions and temporal experiences of completiveness, instantaneousness, and repetitiveness – have been characterized as semantically empty and context dependent. The research reported here tested a simple schematic for the semantic categories of Pastaza Kichwa ideophones by tracking neurological responses to ideophones categorized as VISUAL, MOTION, and SOUND. Seventeen native speakers of Pastaza Kichwa listened to audio clips of ideophones extracted from sentential contexts. Subjects’ neural activity was assessed using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Results demonstrate that these posited semantic categories activate areas …


Agriculture Against The Wall: Barriers And Opportunities For Agroecological Transitions In California’S Industrial Agricultural Landscapes, Estelí Jiménez-Soto, Madeleine Fairbairn, Joji Muramoto, Carol Shennan Jan 2024

Agriculture Against The Wall: Barriers And Opportunities For Agroecological Transitions In California’S Industrial Agricultural Landscapes, Estelí Jiménez-Soto, Madeleine Fairbairn, Joji Muramoto, Carol Shennan

School of Geosciences Faculty and Staff Publications

Agroecology emphasizes a shift from low diversity, high chemical input farming to more biodiverse agroecosystems cultivated in conjunction with natural ecosystem processes and embedded in socially just relationships. Yet achieving such agroecological transitions presents enormous challenges in industrial agricultural landscapes dominated by consolidation and overproduction. We examine both the challenges and the opportunities for agroecological transition in one particular industrial agricultural context: the fumigant-dependent strawberry production of California’s Central Coast. We do so by exploring adoption of Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation (ASD), an agroecological alternative to fumigation which has shown considerable promise but has been historically underutilized. Building on previously identified …


Week 6: Humility In The Hand Of God, Calvin University Jan 2024

Week 6: Humility In The Hand Of God, Calvin University

Campus Ministries Resources

No abstract provided.


Week 5: Modeling The Mercy Of Our Maker, Calvin University Jan 2024

Week 5: Modeling The Mercy Of Our Maker, Calvin University

Campus Ministries Resources

No abstract provided.


Run-Of-River Device For Hydropower From The Crum Creek, Paula Suder , '24 Jan 2024

Run-Of-River Device For Hydropower From The Crum Creek, Paula Suder , '24

Senior Theses, Projects, and Awards

With the onset of climate change from excess carbon emissions, renewable energy sources, especially in the form of hydropower, can offer comparatively low-emission alternatives to conventionally used fossil fuels that may lessen the environmental effects of energy generation. Although most hydroelectric facilities utilize dams to store water and channel flow, diversion facilities, also called “run-of-river” facilities, operate utilizing a portion of the natural flow and eliminate the need for dams and their associated construction and environmental concerns. To design and construct a small scale run-of-river device, an iterative design process was implemented over two prototypes, including spiral axial hydropower turbine …


State Of Utah, Plaintiff/Appellee, V. Jared Lynn Talbert, Defendant/Appellant.: Brief Of Appellant Jan 2024

State Of Utah, Plaintiff/Appellee, V. Jared Lynn Talbert, Defendant/Appellant.: Brief Of Appellant

Utah Appeals Court Briefs

Appeal from two counts of object rape, first -degree felonies; two counts of forcible sodomy, first-degree felonies; and two counts of forcible sexual abuse, second-degree felonies, in the Fourth Judicial District, Utah County, the Honorable Kraig Powell presiding


Steven Wallace Hart, Appellant, V. State Of Utah, Appellee.: Brief Of Appellee Jan 2024

Steven Wallace Hart, Appellant, V. State Of Utah, Appellee.: Brief Of Appellee

Utah Appeals Court Briefs

On appeal from a conviction of two counts of dealing in material harmful to a minor, a third -degree felony, in the Fourth Judicial District Court, Utah County, the Honorable Roger W. Griffin presiding


Steven Wallace Hart, Appellant, V. State Of Utah, Appellee.: Appellant’S Opening Brief Jan 2024

Steven Wallace Hart, Appellant, V. State Of Utah, Appellee.: Appellant’S Opening Brief

Utah Appeals Court Briefs

On appeal from a conviction of two counts of dealing in material harmful to a minor, a third -degree felony, in the Fourth Judicial District Court, Utah County, the Honorable Roger W. Griffin presiding


A Strategic Approach To A Discipleship System And Culture At The Adventist Community Church Of Vancouver, Washington, Ryan H. Whitehead Jan 2024

A Strategic Approach To A Discipleship System And Culture At The Adventist Community Church Of Vancouver, Washington, Ryan H. Whitehead

Doctor of Ministry Projects

Problem

Discipleship is a term that church congregations use to articulate their goal of fulfilling the call of Jesus to make disciples (Matt. 28:19, 20). The Adventist Community Church (ACC) in Vancouver, Washington is no different. With a mission to “Reach Up in Worship, Reach Deep in Discipleship, and Reach Out in Evangelism,” a discipleship culture is key to the church’s mission. A deficiency in the discipleship culture at ACC is evident in the absence of a disciple-making system. The strategy to address this challenge is to invest in an intentional and robust discipleship growth plan.

Method

A systems-thinking approach …


Cross-Denominational Dialogue: Sola Scriptura In Setting The Table For Charitable And Faithful Christian Discourse, Ciprian Mihai Manea Jan 2024

Cross-Denominational Dialogue: Sola Scriptura In Setting The Table For Charitable And Faithful Christian Discourse, Ciprian Mihai Manea

Doctor of Ministry Projects

Problem

In this project, the problem centers around cross-denominational dialogue. The contemporary Christian theological landscape is highly complex and varied. Theologians engage with different theories of knowledge, authority sources, and theological methods, resulting in diverse perspectives that conflict with each other and with Adventist Christian convictions. The differing rational structures of these perspectives require committed effort to understand and communicate effectively. Best practice cross-denominational dialogue involving the theologically informed must account for these differences and provide a context that can facilitate faithful and charitable discourse. Such a context would not only ease the tensions among different Christian traditions but would …


A Strategy To Equip Selected Members Of The Gaeta Church To Build Bridges With Immigrants To Draw Them Toward The Fellowship Of The Congregation, Rebecca Kessewa Gaisie Jan 2024

A Strategy To Equip Selected Members Of The Gaeta Church To Build Bridges With Immigrants To Draw Them Toward The Fellowship Of The Congregation, Rebecca Kessewa Gaisie

Doctor of Ministry Projects

Problem

Due to the outbreak of a civil war in Libya in 2011, Italy has been experiencing a great influx of immigrants. Many are scattered throughout Italy, including Gaeta. A majority of the Italian members of Gaeta Church do not understand and engage in the call of God to bring all people into the fellowship of the church. This causes a lack of interest in building bridges to reach immigrants.

Method

The task of this project was to develop, implement, and evaluate a strategy to equip some members of Gaeta church to build bridges with immigrants to draw them toward …


Self-Care Through Clinical Pastoral Education For Emotional Healing Of Pastoral Staff In The United States: A Case Study For Exploring Relationships, Roberto Vizcaino Jan 2024

Self-Care Through Clinical Pastoral Education For Emotional Healing Of Pastoral Staff In The United States: A Case Study For Exploring Relationships, Roberto Vizcaino

Doctor of Ministry Projects

Problem

I have observed that many pastors are suffering from problems experienced in the past and in the present. The problems are both personal (e.g., lack of self-care and depression) and national (e.g., lack of support for social recovery from hurricanes and other natural and socioeconomic catastrophes). Some of the problems experienced by these pastors are because they have not had the opportunity to identify the traumas they experienced in their lives and that still affect them now. In addition, many of them do not have a place where they can share their problems with their colleagues, be heard, supported, …


Endogenous Glucocorticoid Signaling Is Required For Normal Macrophage Response To H. Pylori Infection, Stuti Khadka Jan 2024

Endogenous Glucocorticoid Signaling Is Required For Normal Macrophage Response To H. Pylori Infection, Stuti Khadka

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Gastric cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, affecting millions of people. H. pylori is the strongest risk factor for gastric cancer, with about 90% of the cases strongly associated with H. pylori infection. Half of the world's population is infected with this bacterium. However, only a small subset of the infected population (1-3 %) go on to develop gastric cancer. Diagnosis of the disease at an early stage is the biggest challenge because of the widespread prevalence of H. pylori infection and a long asymptomatic phase before the advanced stages. Patients are left with limited treatment …


Return To Soil, Lindsay Jo Mccarty Jan 2024

Return To Soil, Lindsay Jo Mccarty

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This document outlines my artistic research on building a symbiotic relationship with land throughout life and death, eco-philosophy, and the significance of natural decomposition. It explores green burial practices in Western society, delves into the history of basketry, and draws inspiration from the mutualistic effort of returning our organic energy to the Earth. The recontextualization of what “death” is and reciprocal outlooks are central to this work. My aim is to honor this cycle through creations that incorporate plant matter in hopes that, one day, I can create artwork with completely compostable materials.

My art embodies these themes and is …


A Balancing Act: Microrna Mediated Insect-Bacterial Homeostasis And The Tsetse Fly, Mason Hubbard Lee Jan 2024

A Balancing Act: Microrna Mediated Insect-Bacterial Homeostasis And The Tsetse Fly, Mason Hubbard Lee

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Microbial symbioses are ubiquitous across all kingdoms of life with broad and diverse impacts on the evolution of species. The sum of all microbes living in, on, or otherwise in close association with a host form the microbiota. In some cases, the development of a stable microbial association seems to have been necessary for the specialization of diet, as can be observed in numerous insect species, especially wood-eating, sap-feeding, and blood-feeding organisms. For the medically and economically tsetse fly (family Glossinidae), the mutualistic bacteria Wigglesworthia glossinidia is required for proper reproduction and supplementation of nutrients that the fly does not …


Lost Time: Paying For Delays Associated With Labor Strikes And Traffic Jams, Saul Levmore Jan 2024

Lost Time: Paying For Delays Associated With Labor Strikes And Traffic Jams, Saul Levmore

Coase-Sandor Institute for Law & Economics Research Paper Series

Waiting is often costly. In many settings, one party delays to impose costs on another. In other settings, delay yields a small gain while imposing significant costs on others who cannot easily bargain. Where the parties can bargain, at least one expects the other to relent and to bring about a settlement that is mutually beneficial. Inasmuch as time offers the opportunity to gather information, compare alternatives, and reach yet better bargains, law does not and should not simply discourage all delays. On the other hand, it is often the case that when parties delay before reaching a bargain, they …


Disclosure Puzzles In Patent Law, Jonathan S. Masur, Lisa Larrimore Ouellette Jan 2024

Disclosure Puzzles In Patent Law, Jonathan S. Masur, Lisa Larrimore Ouellette

Coase-Sandor Institute for Law & Economics Research Paper Series

Since its inception, patent law has required that inventors publicly disclose information about their inventions in exchange for receiving patent rights. This foundational requirement is policed through multiple doctrines: patents fail enablement if “undue experimentation” is needed to practice the invention, and they lack adequate written description when they fail to establish the inventor’s “possession” of the invention.

Despite disclosure doctrines’ centrality, fundamental puzzles about their application remain unresolved. What are the boundaries between enablement and written description? Do equivalents claimed via the doctrine of equivalents have to be enabled or described? Are the rules different for after-arising technologies? Federal …


Property Moves: Assembling Service Streams, Lee Anne Fennell Jan 2024

Property Moves: Assembling Service Streams, Lee Anne Fennell

Coase-Sandor Institute for Law & Economics Research Paper Series

In this essay, I consider how we might retrofit property rights to meet modern urban and environmental challenges, which have foundationally rewritten property’s job description. The way forward requires attending to the beneficial services that resources provide, and to the central role of assembly (and reassembly) in generating and sustaining those service streams. To that end, I catalog a repertoire of “property moves” aimed at the moving target of resource optimization. While these moves can be pursued in limited ways within our current property framework, pursuing them in concert at scale requires ownership that is built for ongoing reconfiguration. I …


Trade Secrecy's Information Paradox, Christopher Buccafusco, Jonathan S. Masur, Deepa Varadarajan Jan 2024

Trade Secrecy's Information Paradox, Christopher Buccafusco, Jonathan S. Masur, Deepa Varadarajan

Coase-Sandor Institute for Law & Economics Research Paper Series

Trade secret law is meant to encourage socially beneficial behaviors by permitting firms to protect their investments in the creation of valuable information. In theory, the ability to protect valuable information will make firms more likely to create that information in the first instance. But the law can also be used to shield socially harmful behaviors from public oversight. Firms can assert trade secret protection to prevent journalists, watchdogs, and criminal defendants from learning whether they are engaged in dangerous, wrongful, or biased activity. Ideally, trade secret law should sort socially beneficial uses from socially harmful ones, permitting only the …