Westview: Vol. 38, Iss. 1 (Spring 2024), Westview Staff

Westview

No abstract provided.

The Origin And Dispersal Of Austroasiatic Languages From The Perspectives Of Linguistics, Archeology And Genetics, Jian Yu, Xiaohua Deng, Zhiquan Fan, Wenjiao Yang, Zhi Ji, Chuanchao Wang

Human Biology Open Access Pre-Prints

The Austroasiatic (AA) languages are a large language family in Mainland Southeast and South Asia. Theoretical, methodological, and material constraints have limited research on the origin and dispersal of AA-speaking populations within historical-comparative linguistics. With the deepening of archaeological and genetic studies, interdisciplinary collaboration has become the key to solving this problem. Based on the latest achievements of linguistics, archaeology and molecular anthropology, we review the hypotheses and propose insights on the origin and dispersal of AA languages. The ancestors of the AA-speaking populations were suggested to be the rice farmers living in the Neolithic Age in southern China. During …

A Review Of Anthropological Adaptations Of Humans Living In Extreme Conditions And Health Implications, Brad N. Nisipeanu, Robert Lalonde

Human Biology Open Access Pre-Prints

Understanding gene variations in people living under extreme conditions has the potential of curing diseases caused by exposure to heat, cold, fatty diets, hypoxia, and pathogens. One candidate gene associated with heat resistance is ACE1, encoding angiotensin-converting enzyme 1. Associations have also been made between cold resistance or fatty diets and polymorphisms of several genes including ACTN3, encoding alpha-actinin-3, and CPTIA, encoding carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A. A prominent role in resistance to hypoxia has been given for polymorphisms of EPAS1, encoding endothelial PAS domain protein 1, and EGLN1, encoding Egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1. Variants conferring human resistance to pathogens …

Role Of Electronegativity In Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals (Epfrs) Formation On Zno, Syed Monjur Ahmed, Reuben Oumnov, Orhan Kizilkaya, Randall W. Hall, Philip T. Sprunger, Robert L. Cook

Natural Sciences and Mathematics | Faculty Scholarship

Environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs), a group of emerging pollutants, have significantly longer lifetimes than typical free radicals. EPFRs form by the adsorption of organic precursors on a transition metal oxide (TMO) surface involving electron charge transfer between the organic and TMO. In this paper, dihalogenated benzenes were incorporated to study the role of electronegativity in the electron transfer process to obtain a fundamental knowledge of EPFR formation mechanism on ZnO. Upon chemisorption on ZnO nanoparticles at 250 °C, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) confirms the formation of oxygen adjacent carbon-centered organic free radicals with concentrations between 1016 and 1017 spins/g. …

Closing The Door On Human Dignity: How The Supreme Court Blocked The Path To Relief For Victims Of Title Ix Discrimination, Bailey Wylie

The Scholar: St. Mary's Law Review on Race and Social Justice

This comment exposes the far-reaching consequences of Cummings v. Premier Rehab Keller and scrutinizes the Supreme Court’s reliance on contract law principles to deny victims of discrimination recovery of non-economic damages.

For almost 50 years, courts have awarded emotional distress damages to victims of discrimination. Consequently, the Court’s lack of notice argument within Cummings falls flat through a cursory analysis of precedent. In the context of Title IX discrimination, school districts are undeniably aware of the possibility of sexual harassment liability at the time they accept federal funding. Mandated Codes of Conduct explicitly prohibit sexual harassment and outline ramifications for …

Evaluation Of A Treatment Package To Increase Food Variety For Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder With Food Selectivity, Julissa Robles

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and other developmental disabilities are often likely to develop feeding disorders and certain food selectivity (Wood et al., 2009). Various approaches have been taken to assess food selectivity in children with ASD to increase food consumption. Koegel et al. (2012) found that participants were more likely to try new foods when provided with contingent reinforcement with the choice of their preferred item or toy along with hierarchical exposure to novel foods. The purpose of this study was to extend the findings from Koegel et al. (2012) and assess the effects of using hierarchical exposure …

Bird Strike Hazard Assessment For The Tampa International Airport, Florida, Usa, Yakubu Ogwu Isah

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Managing wildlife at airports poses a challenge for ensuring safety for aviation traffic. Airports, with their surrounding habitats and infrastructure, serve as attractants for avian species. Threats created by these species have led managers to develop management techniques in and around airports (DeVault et al 2013). One approach is the use of geographic information systems (GIS) for analyzing avian strike data and airport bird surveys. Spatial analysis of strike data identifies species of threat by categorizing strike occurrence, species sizes, phase of flight, and risk of damage. In addition, GIS can be used to map hotspots of bird strikes. These …

Semi-Automated Cell Annotation Framework Using Deep Learning, Abhiram Kandiyana

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Unbiased stereology refers to a field of applied mathematics \cite{intro-to-stereology} focused on accurate (model and assumption-free) quantification of three-dimensional (3D) objects, typically based on their appearance in 2D sections (planes) through the objects. In the biological sciences, these techniques are widely used for making unbiased estimates of arbitrary-shaped (stochastic) objects such as stained cells, blood vessels, region volumes, etc., in tissue sections through a region of interest (ROI).

This fundamental methodology is widely used for evaluating structural changes that occur in diseases, aging, and pharmaceutical interventions, thereby ensuring reliable outcomes. In terms of limitations, stereology is tedious, time- and labor-intensive, …

Shreds, Louis Gallo

Westview

No abstract provided.

How Fundamental Epistemic Limitation Impacts My Human Experience, Matthew Mcnairy

Undergraduate Honors Theses

My thesis examines different ways that I am ignorant through a philosophical lens. Through examining my ignorance, I gain insight into myself and the world. However, the kinds of ignorance that interest and irk me the most are fundamental to life. I explore two major sources of ignorance and reference many more. The first source of ignorance is myself. Myself includes my body, my emotions, and my actions. I can partially control each of these, but they also are not fully understood by me. I explore who I am as a self and what my moral responsibility is in the …

Contralateral Second Dose Improves Antibody Responses To A 2-Dose Mrna Vaccination Regimen, Sedigheh Fazli, Archana Thomas, Abram E. Estrada, Hiro A. P. Ross, David Xthona Lee, Steven Kazmierczak, Mark K. Slifka, David Montefiori, William B. Messer, Marcel E. Curlin

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

BACKGROUND. Vaccination is typically administered without regard to site of prior vaccination, but this factor may substantially affect downstream immune responses. METHODS. We assessed serological responses to initial COVID-19 vaccination in baseline seronegative adults who received second-dose boosters in the ipsilateral or contralateral arm relative to initial vaccination. We measured serum SARSCoV-2 spike–specific Ig, receptor-binding domain–specific (RBD-specific) IgG, SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid–specific IgG, and neutralizing antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2.D614G (early strain) and SARS-CoV-2.B.1.1.529 (Omicron) at approximately 0.6, 8, and 14 months after boosting. RESULTS. In 947 individuals, contralateral boosting was associated with higher spike-specific serum Ig, and this effect increased over time, …

Isothiocyanates In The Prevention Of Neural Tube Defects In Chick Embryos, Katrina Lantz

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Neural tube defects (NTDs), including anencephaly and spina bifida, contribute significantly to neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite the widespread implementation of folic acid (FA) supplementation, its ineffectiveness in certain genetic populations, alongside the persistent prevalence of NTDs, underscores the need for alternative preventative strategies. This study investigates the potential of isopropyl isothiocyanate (IPI), a compound derived from Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera), in mitigating NTDs through the modulation of oxidative stress pathways. Using the chick embryo model, we aimed to determine whether IPI significantly reduces the incidence of chemically-induced NTDs by activating the Nrf2 cofactor, a key regulator of cellular …

Dendritic Cells Overcome Cre/Lox Induced Gene Deficiency By Siphoning Cytosolic Material From Surrounding Cells, Christopher H. Herbst, Aurélie Bouteau, Evelin J. Menykő, Zhen Qin, Ervin Gyenge, Qingtai Su, Vincent Cooper, Neil A. Mabbott, Botond Z. Igyártó

Department of Microbiology and Immunology Faculty Papers

In a previous report, keratinocytes were shown to share their gene expression profile with surrounding Langerhans cells (LCs), influencing LC biology. Here, we investigated whether transferred material could substitute for lost gene products in cells subjected to Cre/Lox conditional gene deletion. We found that in human Langerin-Cre mice, epidermal LCs and CD11b+CD103+ mesenteric DCs overcome gene deletion if the deleted gene was expressed by neighboring cells. The mechanism of material transfer differed from traditional antigen uptake routes, relying on calcium and PI3K, being susceptible to polyguanylic acid inhibition, and remaining unaffected by inflammation. Termed intracellular monitoring, this process was specific …

Plavin, Adrienne, Negin Nader Bazrafkan

Bronx Jewish History Project

Summarizer: Sophia Maier

Adrienne Plavin was born to American-born parents in June of 1944. When she was young, her family lived at 1821 Bryant Avenue in the South Bronx. She remembers the community as full of immigrants, though primarily Jewish, with Yiddish and other language spoken. She would visit the candy store on her block and also buy fresh produce from horse drawn carts. They would play games like hopscotch and jump rope. Plavin shares how her mother got into trouble in Hebrew School, which is why she herself never attended one, and some of the mischief she would get …

140-60 Beech, Llc V. Madan

All Decisions

In a Holdover-Breach of Lease case in the Civil Court of the City of New York, Queens County, 140-60 Beech, LLC sought to enforce a provision in the lease requiring air conditioning units to be installed in a wall sleeve rather than a window. The tenant argued that the landlord waived its right to enforce this provision by allowing the window unit for nearly 25 years. The court agreed with the tenant, finding that the landlord's inaction constituted a waiver of its right to enforce the provision. The court granted the tenant's motion for partial summary judgment, dismissing the petition …

Dolutegravir-Induced Neural Tube Defects In Mice Are Folate Responsive, Gabriel L Tukeman, Hui Wei, Ying L Lin, Bogdan J Wlodarczyk, Richard H Finnell, Robert M Cabrera

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Objectives: In 2018, the Botswana Tsepamo Study reported a nine-fold increased risk of neural tube defects in infants whose mothers were treated with dolutegravir (DTG) from the time of conception. As maternal folate supplementation and status is a well known modifier of neural tube defect (NTD) risk, we sought to evaluate birth outcomes in mice fed normal and low folic acid diets treated with DTG during pregnancy.

Design: DTG was evaluated for developmental toxicity using pregnant mice fed normal or low folic acid diet.

Methods: CD-1 mice were provided diet with normal (3 mg/kg) or low (0.3 mg/kg) folic acid. …

Central Treaty Organization (Cento) And Description Of The Management Systems Of Ankara Agreement: National Representative And International Staff On November 9, 1960, Alaa Hamza Dwelee

Alustath Journal for Human and Social Sciences

The Central Treaty Organization (CENTO), is considered one of the important international alliances that was formed in the 1950s in the Middle East with the supported and endorsed of the U.S. and British governments, in order to maintain their interests in the region and to prevent its penetration by the Soviet Union. Whereas studies dealt with the political dimension of the roles of that alliance, while the administrative and structural building system did not take its share of study and research, including “Agreement on the Status of the Central Treaty Organization [CENTO], National Representative and International Staff.” Or the "Ankara …

Clonal Dominance Defines Metastatic Dissemination In Pancreatic Cancer, I-Lin Ho, Chieh-Yuan Li, Fuchenchu Wang, Li Zhao, Jingjing Liu, Er-Yen Yen, Charles A Dyke, Rutvi Shah, Zhaoliang Liu, Ali Osman Çetin, Yanshuo Chu, Francesca Citron, Sergio Attanasio, Denise Corti, Faezeh Darbaniyan, Edoardo Del Poggetto, Sara Loponte, Jintan Liu, Melinda Soeung, Ziheng Chen, Shan Jiang, Hong Jiang, Akira Inoue, Sisi Gao, Angela Deem, Ningping Feng, Haoqiang Ying, Michael Kim, Virginia Giuliani, Giannicola Genovese, Jianhua Zhang, Andrew Futreal, Anirban Maitra, Timothy Heffernan, Linghua Wang, Kim-Anh Do, Gaetano Gargiulo, Giulio Draetta, Alessandro Carugo, Ruitao Lin, Andrea Viale

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Tumors represent ecosystems where subclones compete during tumor growth. While extensively investigated, a comprehensive picture of the interplay of clonal lineages during dissemination is still lacking. Using patient-derived pancreatic cancer cells, we created orthotopically implanted clonal replica tumors to trace clonal dynamics of unperturbed tumor expansion and dissemination. This model revealed the multifaceted nature of tumor growth, with rapid changes in clonal fitness leading to continuous reshuffling of tumor architecture and alternating clonal dominance as a distinct feature of cancer growth. Regarding dissemination, a large fraction of tumor lineages could be found at secondary sites each having distinctive organ growth …

Safety And Efficacy Of Ibrutinib In Combination With Rituximab And Lenalidomide In Previously Untreated Follicular And Marginal Zone Lymphoma: An Open Label, Phase 2 Study, Max J Gordon, Lei Feng, Paolo Strati, Hun Ju Lee, Fredrick B Hagemeister, Jason R Westin, Felipe Samaniego, Mario L Marques-Piubelli, Francisco Vega Vazquez, Edwin R Parra Cuentas, Luisa M Solis-Soto, Wencai Ma, Jing Wang, Linda Claret, Barbara Averill, Karina Ibanez, Luis E Fayad, Christopher R Flowers, Michael R Green, R Eric Davis, Sattva S Neelapu, Nathan H Fowler, Loretta J Nastoupil

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Follicular lymphoma (FL) and marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) are indolent non-Hodgkin lymphomas (iNHL). Median survival for iNHL is approximately 20 years. Because standard treatments are not curative, patients often receive multiple lines of therapy with associated toxicity-rationally designed, combination therapies with curative potential are needed. The immunomodulatory drug lenalidomide was evaluated in combination with rituximab for the frontline treatment of FL in the phase 3 RELEVANCE study. Ibrutinib, an oral Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is active in NHL and was evaluated in combination with lenalidomide, rituximab, and ibrutinib (IRR) in a phase 1 study.

Methods: The authors conducted an …

A Journey In Science: Molecular Vaccines For Global Child Health In Troubled Times Of Anti-Science, Peter J Hotez

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

My scientific life in translational medicine runs in two parallel, yet often converging paths. The first, is four-decade-long commitment to develop new vaccines for parasitic and neglected tropical diseases, as well as pandemic threats. This includes a vaccine for human hookworm infection that I began as an MD-PhD student in New York City in the 1980s, and a new low-cost COVID vaccine that reached almost 100 million people in low- and middle-income countries. Alongside this life in scientific research, is one in public engagement for vaccine and neglected disease diplomacy to ensure that people who live in extreme poverty can …

Polyphony: Multitudes Of Vietnamese National Identity Through Experiential Documentation Of Marketplaces, Jade Nguyen

Theses and Dissertations

The exhibition Polyphony brings together photographs from Trades of the Street and Commere(d) Culture, two documentary series portraying Vietnamese marketplaces and businesses across multiple cities in Việt Nam and the United States respectively to provide a cross-cultural and multisensorial perspective on how commercial practices and establishments represent Vietnamese culture and national identity. The market provides insights into Việt Nam’s multilayered history, struggles, ways of living, sense of community, and its vibrant soul and culture. The combination of these two series and the sequencing of the exhibition utilizes the relational nature of photography, which allows new meaning to emerge from a …

Single Cell Atlas Of Human Gastric Muscle Immune Cells And Macrophage-Driven Changes In Idiopathic Gastroparesis, Lakshmikanth L Chikkamenahalli, Erik Jessen, Cheryl E Bernard, W K Eddie Ip, Margaret Breen-Lyles, Gianluca Cipriani, Suraj R Pullapantula, Ying Li, Shefaa Alasfoor, Laura Wilson, Kenneth L Koch, Braden Kuo, Robert J Shulman, Bruno P Chumpitazi, Travis J Mckenzie, Todd A Kellogg, James Tonascia, Frank A Hamilton, Irene Sarosiek, Richard Mccallum, Henry P Parkman, Pankaj J Pasricha, Thomas L Abell, Gianrico Farrugia, Surendra Dasari, Madhusudan Grover, Niddk Gastroparesis Clinical Research Consortium (Gpcrc)

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Gastrointestinal immune cells, particularly muscularis macrophages (MM) interact with the enteric nervous system and influence gastrointestinal motility. Here we determine the human gastric muscle immunome and its changes in patients with idiopathic gastroparesis (IG). Single cell sequencing was performed on 26,000 CD45+ cells obtained from the gastric tissue of 20 subjects. We demonstrate 11 immune cell clusters with T cells being most abundant followed by myeloid cells. The proportions of cells belonging to the 11 clusters were similar between IG and controls. However, 9/11 clusters showed 578-11,429 differentially expressed genes. In IG, MM had decreased expression of tissue-protective and microglial …

A Comparative Analysis Of Tonebp Conditional Knockout Mouse Models Reveals Inter-Dependency Between Compartments Of The Intervertebral Disc, Greig Couasnay, Haley Garcia, Florent Elefteriou

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Interactions between notochord and sclerotome are required for normal embryonic spine patterning, but whether the postnatal derivatives of these tissues also require interactions for postnatal intervertebral disc (IVD) growth and maintenance is less established. We report here the comparative analysis of four conditional knockout mice deficient for TonEBP, a transcription factor known to allow cells to adapt to changes in extracellular osmotic pressure, in specific compartments of the IVD. We show that TonEBP deletion in nucleus pulposus (NP) cells does not affect their survival or aggrecan expression, but promoted cell proliferation in the NP and in adjacent vertebral growth plates …

Tissue-Resident Memory T Cell Signatures From Single-Cell Analysis Associated With Better Melanoma Prognosis, Chongming Jiang, Cheng-Chi Chao, Jianrong Li, Xin Ge, Aidan Shen, Vadim Jucaud, Chao Cheng, Xiling Shen

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) are a specialized T cell population residing in peripheral tissues. The presence and potential impact of TRM in the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) remain to be elucidated. Here, we systematically investigated the relationship between TRM and melanoma TIME based on multiple clinical single-cell RNA-seq datasets and developed signatures indicative of TRM infiltration. TRM infiltration is associated with longer overall survival and abundance of T cells, NK cells, M1 macrophages, and memory B cells in the TIME. A 22-gene TRM–derived risk score was further developed to effectively classify patients into low- and high-risk categories, distinguishing overall …

Hematologic Dnmt3a Reduction And High-Fat Diet Synergize To Promote Weight Gain And Tissue Inflammation, Jaime M Reyes, Ayala Tovy, Linda Zhang, Angelina S Bortoletto, Carina Rosas, Chun-Wei Chen, Sarah M Waldvogel, Anna G Guzman, Rogelio Aguilar, Sinjini Gupta, Ling Liu, Matthew T Buckley, Kalyani R Patel, Andrea N Marcogliese, Yumei Li, Choladda V Curry, Thomas A Rando, Anne Brunet, Ronald J Parchem, Rachel E Rau, Margaret A Goodell

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

During aging, blood cell production becomes dominated by a limited number of variant hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) clones. Differentiated progeny of variant HSCs are thought to mediate the detrimental effects of such clonal hematopoiesis on organismal health, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. While somatic mutations in DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) frequently drive clonal dominance, the aging milieu also likely contributes. Here, we examined in mice the interaction between high-fat diet (HFD) and reduced DNMT3A in hematopoietic cells; strikingly, this combination led to weight gain. HFD amplified pro-inflammatory pathways and upregulated inflammation-associated genes in mutant cells along a pro-myeloid trajectory. …

Spartan Daily, March 14, 2024, San Jose State University, School Of Journalism And Mass Communications

Spartan Daily, 2024

Volume 162, Issue 22

Leaving Home: Loss And Restoration In Marilynne Robinson's "Gilead" And "Housekeeping", Zachary Stevenson

Undergraduate Honors Theses

The concepts of restoration and reconciliation are central to Marilynne Robinson’s first two novels, Housekeeping (1980) and Gilead (2004). Housekeeping structures itself around the narrator Ruth Stone’s thirst for familial wholeness, and Gilead tracks the aging Congregationalist minister John Ames’s growing realization that there are rifts in both his town and his personal life that demand healing. The books are also united in their ambivalence towards the possibility of achieving total wholeness, as in each novel the movement towards restoration is undercut in important ways. However, the books ultimately diverge in the scope of the restitution that they allow. Whereas …

Neuroplasticity In The Dentate Gyrus: A Multimethod Investigation On Hippocampal Ltp Following Prenatal Alcohol Exposure, Monica Goncalves-Garcia

Psychology ETDs

Studies have demonstrated alcohol-related deficits in LTP associated with histaminergic and glutamatergic impairments. The histaminergic H3R inverse agonist ABT-239 has shown promise in reversing these deficits. The present study focuses on another H3R inverse agonist, SAR-152594, and its impact on LTP deficits following moderate PAE. The findings reveal that systemic administration of 1 mg/kg of SAR-152594 reverses deficits in potentiation fEPSPs in adult male rats exposed to moderate PAE. Time-frequency analyses of evoked responses indicate PAE-related reductions in power during the fEPSP and increased power during later components of evoked responses, both reversed by SAR-152594. These results provide further evidence …

Conquer And Prevail Issue 159 March 14 2024, Wofford College. Office Of Marketing And Communications

Conquer and Prevail Newsletter

No abstract provided.

Impact Of Processed Food On Heart Health, Elizabeth A. Moxley

Faculty Articles, Papers, and Other Scholarship

Impact of Processed Food on Heart Health

March 14, 2024|Elizabeth Moxley

Cardiovascular disease (CVD), particularly atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), remains the leading cause of death on a global scale.^[i],[ii] CVD is also the leading cause of death in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), specifically in low- and middle-income countries.^[iii] In spite of the improvement in ASCVD outcomes in recent decades, pervasive levels of ASCVD morbidity and mortality continue to be unfavorable.^[iv] According to the American Heart Association,⁵ effectively promoting dietary improvements and engagement in regular physical activity help prevent the ongoing risk …