Digital Commons Network^™

Progenitors Of Distinct Lineages Shape The Diversity Of Mature Type 2 Conventional Dendritic Cells, Patrick Fernandes Rodrigues, Tihana Trsan, Grozdan Cvijetic, Darya Khantakova, Santosh K Panda, Zhaoyuan Liu, Florent Ginhoux, Marina Cella, Marco Colonna

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Conventional dendritic cells (cDC) are antigen-presenting cells comprising cDC1 and cDC2, responsible for priming naive CD8

Bempedoic Acid Falls In Line, Maya S Safarova, Patrick M Moriarty, Iftikhar J Kullo, Christie M Ballantyne, Eugenia Gianos

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

No abstract provided.

Incidence And Types Of Cardiac Arrhythmias In The Peri-Ictal Period In Patients Having A Generalized Convulsive Seizure, Laura Vilella, Christina Y Miyake, Ganne Chaitanya, Johnson P Hampson, Shirin Jamal Omidi, Manuela Ochoa-Urrea, Blanca Talavera, Oscar Mancera, Norma J Hupp, Jaison S Hampson, M R Sandhya Rani, Nuria Lacuey, Shiqiang Tao, Rup K Sainju, Daniel Friedman, Maromi Nei, Catherine A Scott, Brian Gehlbach, Stephan U Schuele, Jennifer A Ogren, Ronald M Harper, Beate Diehl, Lisa M Bateman, Orrin Devinsky, George B Richerson, Guo-Qiang Zhang, Samden D Lhatoo

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background and objectives: Generalized convulsive seizures (GCSs) are the main risk factor of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP), which is likely due to peri-ictal cardiorespiratory dysfunction. The incidence of GCS-induced cardiac arrhythmias, their relationship to seizure severity markers, and their role in SUDEP physiopathology are unknown. The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence of seizure-induced cardiac arrhythmias, their association with electroclinical features and seizure severity biomarkers, as well as their specific occurrences in SUDEP cases.

Methods: This is an observational, prospective, multicenter study of patients with epilepsy aged 18 years and older with recorded GCS during …

Cotargeting Ebv Lytic As Well As Latent Cycle Antigens Increases T-Cell Potency Against Lymphoma, Sandhya Sharma, Naren U Mehta, Tim Sauer, Lisa A Rollins, Dirk P Dittmer, Cliona M Rooney

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The remarkable efficacy of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-specific T cells for the treatment of posttransplant lymphomas has not been reproduced for EBV-positive (EBV+) malignancies outside the transplant setting. This is because of, in part, the heterogeneous expression and poor immunogenicity of the viral antigens expressed, namely latent membrane proteins 1 and 2, EBV nuclear antigen 1, and BamHI A rightward reading frame 1 (type-2 [T2] latency). However, EBV lytic cycle proteins are also expressed in certain EBV+ malignancies and, because several EBV lytic cycle proteins are abundantly expressed, have oncogenic activity, and likely contribute to malignancy, we sought and identified viral …

Constructing The Other: Unveiling The Exotic, Barbaric And Parodied Archetypes In Western Discourse, Alexandra Goitia Goitia

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis builds upon Edward Said’s seminal work, "Orientalism," to explore the complex dynamics of "Otherness" in Western thought across various contexts. Said’s theory elucidates how the West has historically constructed a distorted image of the East to justify colonial dominance, framing the East as a mere extension of Western fantasies and fears. This study expands Said’s framework by applying it to a diverse range of texts beyond the Muslim world, examining how Western narratives perpetuate the Exotic, Barbaric, and Parodied Other. The first part of the thesis juxtaposes Hernán Cortés’s "Cartas de relación" with Netflix’s "Marco Polo," illustrating how …

Cxcl16-Dependent Scavenging Of Oxidized Lipids By Islet Macrophages Promotes Differentiation Of Pathogenic Cd8+ T Cells In Diabetic Autoimmunity, Neetu Srivastava, Hao Hu, Orion J Peterson, Anthony N Vomund, Marta Stremska, Mohammad Zaman, Shilpi Giri, Tiandao Li, Cheryl F Lichti, Pavel N Zakharov, Bo Zhang, Nada A Abumrad, Yi-Guang Chen, Kodi S Ravichandran, Emil R Unanue, Xiaoxiao Wan

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The pancreatic islet microenvironment is highly oxidative, rendering β cells vulnerable to autoinflammatory insults. Here, we examined the role of islet resident macrophages in the autoimmune attack that initiates type 1 diabetes. Islet macrophages highly expressed CXCL16, a chemokine and scavenger receptor for oxidized low-density lipoproteins (OxLDLs), regardless of autoimmune predisposition. Deletion of Cxcl16 in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice suppressed the development of autoimmune diabetes. Mechanistically, Cxcl16 deficiency impaired clearance of OxLDL by islet macrophages, leading to OxLDL accumulation in pancreatic islets and a substantial reduction in intra-islet transitory (Tex

Canine Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Evaluating Pgam5 And Heterobilharzia Americana, Priscilla Devora

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer in humans and domestic dogs. Despite extensive research, the mechanisms that drive HCC carcinogenesis and perpetuate cancer survival are incompletely understood in both species. The work described herein focused on finding similarities between canine and human HCC, which could be harnessed to benefit humans and dogs with cancer. The first aim was to investigate the expression of phosphoglycerate mutase 5 (PGAM5) in canine HCC. Upregulation of PGAM5 is a negative prognostic indicator in human HCC. Using archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples, we found that PGAM5 was overexpressed in canine HCC ( …

Attenuating Midline Thalamus Bursting To Mitigate Absence Epilepsy, Ping Dong, Konstantin Bakhurin, Yuhui Li, Mohamad A Mikati, Jianmin Cui, Warren M Grill, Henry H Yin, Huanghe Yang

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Advancing the mechanistic understanding of absence epilepsy is crucial for developing new therapeutics, especially for patients unresponsive to current treatments. Utilizing a recently developed mouse model of absence epilepsy carrying the BK gain-of-function channelopathy D434G, here we report that attenuating the burst firing of midline thalamus (MLT) neurons effectively prevents absence seizures. We found that enhanced BK channel activity in the BK-D434G MLT neurons promotes synchronized bursting during the ictal phase of absence seizures. Modulating MLT neurons through pharmacological reagents, optogenetic stimulation, or deep brain stimulation effectively attenuates burst firing, leading to reduced absence seizure frequency and increased vigilance. Additionally, …

Tfeb Safeguards Trophoblast Syncytialization In Humans And Mice, Wanshan Zheng, Yue Zhang, Peiqun Xu, Zexin Wang, Xuan Shao, Chunyan Chen, Han Cai, Yinan Wang, Ming-An Sun, Wenbo Deng, Fan Liu, Jinhua Lu, Xueqin Zhang, Dunjin Cheng, Indira U Mysorekar, Haibin Wang, Yan-Ling Wang, Xiaoqian Hu, Bin Cao

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The formation of multinucleated syncytiotrophoblast (STB) through cell fusion of cytotrophoblast, also termed syncytialization, ensures the proper placental structure and functions. Nutrient insufficiency and inactivation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) in trophoblasts have been shown to enhance STB formation; however, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we showed that the deficiency of a mTORC1 downstream transcriptional factor, TFEB, significantly impaired STB formation in human trophoblasts and knock-out mice. TFEB conferred direct transcriptional activation of the fusogen ERVFRD-1 and thereby promoted trophoblast syncytialization. Additionally, TFEB expression positively correlated with the reinforced trophoblast syncytialization in human fetal growth …

Removal Of Textile Dyes By Ecofriendly Aquatic Plants From Wastewater: A Review On Plants Species, Mechanisms, And Perspectives, Manal M. El-Sadaawy, Nancy S. Agib

Blue Economy

Water, an essential resource for sustaining life on our planet, is crucial for both human beings and the overall ecosystem. However, in recent decades, several factors, including population growth, rapid industrialization, urbanization, and unsustainable utilization of natural resources, have significantly impacted the quality of water. Industries such as textiles, leather tanning, cosmetics, and pigmentation extensively employ colored compounds called dyes for various purposes. Synthetic dyes have largely replaced natural dyes due to their superior durability against washing, heat, light, pH, and exposure to biological agents. Azo dyes, sulfur dyes, and pigment dyes are some examples of dyes used in industrial …

Live-Weight Gain Of Steers Grazing African Star Grass Four Herbage Allowances, J Perez-Perez, J O. Hernandez-Velez, J G. Herrera-Haro, R Barcena-Gama

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective was to determine weight changes of steers grazing African star grass (Cynodon plectostachyus) at four herbage allowances (2.0, 2.5, 3.0 and 3.5 kg of dry matter/100 kg of live weight day-1). A rotational grazing system with 10 grazing days and 30 days rest was followed. A Split Plot Design with four replications was used. Response variables were: daily gain per steer (DGS) and per hectare (DGH), dry matter forage yield (FY), % of utilization (% U) and in vitro dry matter digestibility (DMIVD). DGS and DGH were not different (P >0.05) among allowances and grazing periods. …

Strategic Use Of Brachiaria Decumbens Pasture To Beef Heifers During Dry Season, E G. Cardoso, N F. Seiffert, J Marques Da Silva, V.P. B. Euclides, J M. Vieira

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The main objective of this study was to evaluate a Brachiaria decumbens pasture, instead of a common rangeland, for zebu beef heifers during the dry season of the year as a means of anticipating the first calving age from four to three years of age, and so improve the production rate of the herd. Daily liveweight gains (DLWG) were analyzed for the effects of year and three stocking rates during the dry season (SR1=1.5; SR2=2.0 and SR3=2.5 head/ha). The main effect on heifers DLWG was the year (P<0.01), but SR was also important (P<0.05), mainly during the last half of the dry season when pastures are under severe constraints such as soil moisture deficit and low temperatures. The lowest SR presented the highest DLWG (0.204a, 0.174ab and 0.145b kg/head, respectively for SR1, SR2 and SR3), during the dry season. If climatic conditions are not exceptionally bad, heifer first calving occurs at 37 months of age when reared on B. decumbens.

Quality Grassland For Dairy Production In North-West Spain, A Gonzalez-Rodriguez

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

An experiment with two groups of 15 Friesian cows grazing independent areas, with no N and 240 kg N ha-1, was run during two years to see the levels of milk production based on a grass/white clover pasture, maintaining high levels of herbage quality. N application decrease clover content from 55% to 42%. The total DM response to N was low. Herbage utilization was maintained similar in both treatments. Moderate levels of milk production can be reached, more than 4000 litres cow-1 and 9000 litres ha-1, with low use of concentrates, only 400 kg cow-1. Crude protein levels were high …

Sward Height On The Performance Of Cow-Calf Units And Yearling Steers Grazing Cool Season Pasture, E C. Prigge, W B. Bryan, E L. Nestor

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Performance and grazing time of cow-calf units and yearling steers were determined over four years on naturalized cool season pastures maintained at a sward height of 4-6, 6-8, 8-10, or 10-12 cm. Daily gains of cows and steers responded quadratically (P<0.05) to increasing sward heights, with gains maximized at 8-10 cm. Milk production of the cows and gain of the calves were not affected (P>0.10) by sward height. Grazing days (cow-calf unit/hectare) decreased linearly (P<0.01) with increasing sward height. The proportion of the day spent grazing for cows and steers decreased in a linear manner (P<0.05) as pasture height increased. Cows spent less time grazing than steers (P<0.05) at all but the low pasture height.

Buffer Grazing For A Twelve Month Cow-Calf Production System, W B. Bryan, E C. Prigge, D J. Flaherty, G E. D'Souza

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Set stocking is a widely used grazing management for beef cow-calf production on Appalachian hill land pastures of the USA. A replicated study was conducted to compare a conventional (set stocking) and buffer grazing management. For the buffer system, grazing area was restricted in the spring and hay was harvested from the ungrazed area. In summer, a portion of this area (buffer) was grazed and a second cutting of hay removed from the remaining area. For the conventional treatment a fixed area was set stocked and hay was harvested on an area designated for hay only. Land areas and fertilizer …

Intensive Rotational Grazing Systems For Dairying In A Subtropical Environment: Animal, Plant, And Soil Responses, J H. Fike, C R. Staples, L E. Sollenberger, D A. Graetz

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Forage species, stocking rate, and supplementation rate effects upon performance of lactating dairy cows were studied. Forage mass and nutritive value and nutrient concentration in shallow groundwater also were measured. Cows (n = 44) grazed bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) or rhizoma peanut (Arachis glabrata), stocked at 4.9 or 7.4 cows ha-1, and 2.5 or 4.9 cows ha-1, respectively. Pelleted concentrate:whole cottonseed (80:20) was offered twice daily post milking at 1 kg per 2 or 3 kg of daily milk production. Cows grazing rhizoma peanut produced more (P = .076) milk per day but had greater (P = …

High Moisture Corn Supplementation Of Different Dry Matter Content To Cows Grazing Temperate Pasture, D H. Rearte, H Alvarez, F Santini

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective of this study was to evaluate grazing dairy cows performance supplemented with high moisture corn of different dry matter content. Cows grazed fresh forage oat day and night and received 5 kg DM high moisture corn daily. Treatments 1 and 2 were high moisture corn of 30% and 18% moisture content respectively. Twenty Holstein cows were used for milk production and composition studies and six rumen fistulated cows were used for rumen digestion studies. Milk production and composition and body weight gain were not affected by the dry matter content of the supplemented high moisture corn. Related to …

Intake Of High Producing Holstein Cows Grazing Pasture Or Fed A Total Mixed Ration, E S. Kolver, L D. Muller

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The ability of a pasture diet to support a high dry matter intake without supplementary feed was determined using 16 high producing Holstein cows. Cows (n=8) were adapted to an all-pasture diet by incrementally reducing the amount of total mixed ration (TMR) fed over four weeks. A control group of cows (n=8) remained in confinement and were fed a TMR. Performance of grazing cows differed significantly (P < 0.001) from TMR fed cows by intake (19.0 vs. 23.4 kg DM/d), milk production (29.6 vs. 44.1 kg/d), milk protein content (2.61 vs. 2.80%), liveweight (562.1 vs. 597.3 kg), and condition score (2.02 vs. 2.50). Results indicate that intake of good quality pasture is higher than previously estimated for high producing Holstein cows in the USA, but that milk production is 15 kg/d less than when cows are fed a TMR.

Cattle Production And Botanical Composition In Continuously Stocked Grass-Clover Swards, A Elgersma, H Schlepers

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The performance of grass-clover mixtures was evaluated under cattle grazing, and the relations between grass variety, clover content and animal production were studied during four years at three locations. The prostrate diploid perennial ryegrass variety formed a dense sward with less clover and less weeds than the tetraploid or the erect diploid ryegrass varieties, which contained about the same amount of clover in the mixture. The ryegrass tiller density was lowest in the tetraploid. These differences between mixtures were not reflected in differences in animal performance or net energy production.

Production Efficiency Benchmarks For Irrigated Dairying In South Eastern Australia, K E. Pritchard, O A. Gyles, D P. Armstrong, S L. Spiteri

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Milk production from grazed irrigated pasture is an important industry in south eastern Australia. Irrigation water is essential for perennial pastures, but the efficiency with which the irrigation water is used to produce milk varies widely between farms. As irrigation water is a limiting resource, future productivity increases will depend on increasing the amount of milk produced per unit of water applied. This research project estimates metabolisable energy utilised from grazed pasture, using energy values for animal requirements, products and feedstuffs. Efficiency criteria, in terms of production per hectare of irrigated pasture, per megalitre of irrigation water, and per cow …

Grazing Management And Nitrogen Fertilizer Effects In Grazing Systems For Beef Cows, D G. Morrison, C C. Willis, D L. Castle, G J. Cuomo

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Four 8-ha areas, primarily Cynodon dactylon forage, were overseeded in autumn with annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) and clover (Trifolium incarnatum and Trifolium repens). Two areas received no nitrogen (N) fertilizer and two received 168 kg N/ha annually. Within N level (2 x 2 factorial), one area was divided into 4 paddocks (pad) and the other into 16 pad for rotational grazing. Spring-calving beef cows were stocked (2.5/ha) year-round on each area with calves weaned in October. Annual dry matter forage accumulation was greater where N was applied (18.2 vs 14.2 Mg/ha, P=.02) but was unaffected by …

Sheep Production On An Annual And Perennial Pasture In Southwest Australia, P Sanford, J Gladman, L Cransberg

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Sheep production on an annual and perennial pasture stocked at 11.5 dse/ha, was compared in a mediterranen environment at Manypeaks in Western Australia. The annual sward comprised of 48% subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.), 20 % annual grasses (Lolium rigidum Gaudin, Hordeum leporinum Link, Vulpia bromoides (L.) S.F. Gray) and 32% capeweed (Arctotheca calendula L.). The perennial sward was 19% kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum), 36% subterranean clover, 43% annual grasses (Lolium rigidum Gaudin, Hordeum leporinum Link, Vulpia bromoides (L.) S.F. Gray) and only 2% capeweed which was displaced by kikuyu. Both pasture types had similar growth …

Milk Production And Composition In Charolais And Polled Hereford Cows On Different Forage Systems, J M. Phillips, R B. Simpson, J D. Shockey, S C. Nickerson

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective of this study was to study the effect of different winter and summer forage systems on milk production and composition in beef cows. Charolais and Polled Hereford cows were assigned to receive either grass hay and supplemental feed or ryegrass pasture during the late winter/early spring period, and then allowed to either graze warmseason grass pasture on a continuous or rotational basis during the summer period. Representative cows were machine-milked on day 48 (hay/feed vs ryegrass), on days 117 and 175 (continuous vs rotational grazing) postpartum. Milk weights were recorded and converted to 24- hour yields. Samples were …

Intensive Grazing Management For Dairy Heifers, J R. Rodgers

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

After grazing our milking herd on intensive rotational grazing for three years utilizing many paddocks and different types and configurations of fencing to control the wise use of the grass and legume species already on our farm, we moved to develop our second farm into a commercial heifer growing project. This paper will attempt to share our practical experience through three years of grazing upwards of 400 Ayrshire and Holstein heifers from six months of age until just prior to calving. Our ultimate objective is year end financial solvency.

Pasture Production And Weaned Heifer Performance From Tropical Grasses, P Mislevy, F M. Pate, F G. Martin, L M. Rutter

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The purpose of this experiment is to determine the influence of energy supplement (molasses 80% and cottonseed meal 20% slurry) fed to heifers while grazing Florico and Florona stargrass (Cynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst var nlemfuensis) and Florakirk bermudagrass (C. dactylon) pastures. Stocking rate of heifers was 5.9 animals ha- 1 averaging 230 kg. Heifers were rotated weekly and were on a 4 pasture rotation. Grasses were allowed a 3-wk regrowth period. Mean forage growth rate cycle-1 day-1 was not different (P>0.05) between grasses; however Florico and Florona yielded 8 and 21% more cycle- 1 than Florakirk. Mean herbage …

Seasonal Distribution Of Forage Yield From A "Natural" Pasture Under Rotational Grazing, W R. Kanneganti, T R. Dhiman, R P. Walgenbach, L Massingill, M P. Russelle, L D. Satter

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A 2-yr grazing study was conducted to quantify forage available daily for cattle intake from a natural pasture managed under rotational grazing. Grazing was initiated around 1 May, and was managed with a rotation length of about 17 d each for cycles 1 and 2, and 30 d each for the rest. In 1994, under adequate moisture conditions, forage availability during 5/1-6/1, 6/1-8/15, 8/15-9/15, and 9/15-10/ 15 was 77, 66, 38 and 14 kg DM ha-1 d-1, respectively, resulting in a total yield of 8580 kg ha-1 in 175 d. In 1995, a prolonged period of dry summer reduced the …

The Effect Of Turnout Date To Pasture In Spring And Grazing Strategy On The Performance Of Spring-Calving Dairy Cows In Wet Land Enviornment, J Maher, S Crosse, M Rath

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective was to investigate the effect of earlier turnout to pasture in spring on animal performance in a wet land environment. Fiftysix spring-calving dairy cows were randomly allocated to four treatments and the stocking rate for each treatment was 2.47 cows/ ha. Cows in three of these treatments commenced grazing in mid- March. The cows on Treatment A grazed 100% of the farm and received 3 kg/day of concentrate. Cows on Treatment B and C grazed 50% of the farm (area designated for silage production), received silage at night, indoors, and 6 kg/day and 3 kg/day of concentrate respectively. …

The Effect Of Seasonal Deferred Grazing On Porto Cocksfoot, R P. Thompson, A Avery

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective of this study was to determine whether seasonal deferred grazing regimes could be used to increase the composition of cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L) in perennial pastures growing in temperate Australia. The experiment was conducted over three years at two sites; one in Victoria and the other in Tasmania, Australia. Relative to the control of continuous grazing, deferred grazing in spring reduced the amount of cocksfoot in the sward. Conversely, deferred grazing in summer increased the amount of cocksfoot present. It is concluded that deferred grazing can be used to change the amount of cocksfoot in a pasture, …

The Effect Of Seasonal Deferred Grazing On Phalaris (Phalaris Aquatica) In Temperate Australia, A L. Avery, J F. Graham

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of deferred grazing strategies on phalaris (Phalaris aquatica) composition in both new and established pastures in temperate Australia. The experiment was conducted over three years at three sites; two in southern Victoria and one in northern Victoria. Relative to the control of continuous grazing all treatments maintained phalaris composition. At two sites winter deferment of grazing increased phalaris composition. It is concluded that deferred grazing of phalaris over the autumn, winter and spring will increase phalaris composition. The critical length of the grazing deferment and timing requires further …

The Effect Of Grazing Management Options On The Persistence Of Perennial Ryegrass In The Temperate Winter Rainfall Zone Of Southern Australia, John F. Graham, Tim Prance, Robin Thompson

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

This study examined grazing management options on perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) based pastures to determine if perennial ryegrass could be increased in a degraded pasture, or maintained in a newly sown pasture. Study sites were at Hamilton and Cavendish, Victoria; Delamere, South Australia, and Ross and Parattah, Tasmania. Average rainfall is 500mm at Ross, 575mm at Parattah, 700mm at Hamilton, 650mm at Cavendish and 900mm at Delamere. At all sites, 8 core grazing management treatments were imposed, and up to 4 “local options.” Changes in botanical composition indicate that grazing management can influence the amount of perennial ryegrass …