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Changing Selection And Epistasis On Drivers Over Tumorigenesis In Primary And Metastatic Prostate Cancer, Alexander Yang

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Background: Many attempts have been made to characterize and describe the driver genes and mutations responsible for prostate cancer tumorigenesis. We have quantified the cancer effect size—a direct measurement of the survival advantage a mutation confers—for 2699 primary and metastatic prostate tumor samples. Our measure of cancer effect treats tumorigenesis as an evolutionary process, subject to positive and negative selective pressures. We have applied this metric in a stage-specific manner to elucidate which mutations are selected for as prostate cancer develops.Methods: We analyzed 2699 prostate cancer tumor exomes, genomes, and panel sequences (1648 primary tumors and 1051 metastatic samples). The …

Presurgical Tear Characteristics And Estimated Shear Modulus As Predictors Of Repair Integrity And Shoulder Function One Year After Rotator Cuff Repair, Matthew C. Ruder, Rebekah L. Lawrence, Steven B. Soliman, Michael J. Bey

Orthopedics Articles

Background: Rotator cuff repair provides pain relief for many patients; however, retears are relatively common and affect approximately 20%-70% of patients after repair. Although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers the ability to assess tissue characteristics such as tear size, retraction, and fatty infiltration, it provides little insight into the quality of the musculotendinous tissues the surgeon will encounter during surgery. However, shear wave elastography (SWE) could provide an indirect assessment of quality (ie, stiffness) by measuring the speed of shear waves propagating through tissue. The objective of this study was to determine the extent to which estimated shear modulus predicts …

Feeding Different Iodine Sources To Dairy Cows: Effects On Colostrum Production And Growth And Health Of Their Calves, Kayla Renee Johnston

Master's Theses and Capstones

Limited research exists on supplementing seaweeds to prepartum cows and its effects on colostrum production and development of their calves in-utero and after birth. The high iodine (I) concentration of seaweeds is concerning, and previous research have shown that excess I supplementation to ewes inhibits immunoglobulin G (IgG) absorption in their lambs. The objectives of this study were: (1) evaluate the effects of incremental amounts of Ascophyllum nodosum (ASCO) meal supplementation (0, 57, and 113 g/d) to prepartum cows on colostrum production and subsequent growth, health, and blood concentrations of glucose, β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), and thyroid hormones (TH) of their …

Supplementing Sodium Butyrate To Limit-Fed Heifers: Effects On Growth, Health, And Nutrient Digestibility & Effect Of Sodium Butyrate On Viability Of Eimeria Bovis Sporozoites And Ldh Release From Mdbk Cells In The Presence Of Sporozoites, Katrina Klobucher

Master's Theses and Capstones

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of sodium butyrate (SB) supplementation in heifer diets. The objectives of experiment 1 was to evaluate the growth, apparent total tract digestibility, and coccidia levels of post-weaned limit-fed heifers supplemented with SB. A 12 week randomized complete block experiment was conducted using 24 Holstein heifers. Treatments were 100g soybean meal (control; CON) and 0.75 g of SB/kg of body weight + 100g soybean meal (SB). Diets were formulated to contain 16.4 % crude protein (CP), 2.27 Mcal/kg metabolizable energy (ME), and fed at a rate of 2.15% of body weight on a …

Assessing Beef Producer's Interest In Cooperative Business Models To Address Processing Capacity Constraints In New Hampshire, Maine, And Vermont, Elaina Enzien

Master's Theses and Capstones

New Hampshire, Maine, and Vermont are well-positioned to grow their capacity for local beef production, however significant barriers to accessing processing services exist. The challenges of processing capacity are complex, and the COVID-19 pandemic further compounded those challenges. Cooperative business models, such as cooperative processing and marketing, have been used to address the issues producers face with processing capacity. This study aimed to determine if beef producers in New Hampshire, Maine, and Vermont would be willing to participate in cooperative business models, whether interest in cooperative models varies by different types of beef producers, and what attributes would these business …

Enhanced Late Miocene Organic Carbon Preservation And Sulfur Sequestration Beneath The Oxygen Deficient Zone In The Eastern Arabian Sea, Sophie Lee Alpert

Master's Theses and Capstones

The ocean represents the largest sulfur pool on Earth, with 1.3 x 109 Tg of sulfur present in seawater. Marine sediment sulfur sequestration is the primary sink for seawater sulfate, responsible for the burial and storage of 100 Tg of sulfur per year. The sequestration of sulfur in marine sediments is largely driven by the formation of iron monosulfides, metastable iron sulfide minerals, and pyrite, however the different paths driving the degree of pyritization within marine sediments require different environmental conditions and carbon sources. In this thesis research, the possible diagenetic pathways resulting in sulfur sequestration are investigated in a …

The Biochemistry Of Ursolic Acid: A Potential Therapeutic For Neuro-Inflammation, Emma Jane Arsenault

Master's Theses and Capstones

Ursolic acid (UA) is a naturally occurring triterpenoid found in a variety of plants and berries. This molecule has potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties with the potential to treat a wide variety of conditions, including neuro-inflammatory disorders. However, the exact mechanism of action for UA is unknown. In this thesis, the fundamental biochemistry of UA was investigated by studying two potential targets: lipid rafts and protein phosphatases. Lipid rafts are an important platform for a wide variety of signal transduction pathways and are a docking point for the assembly of the pro-inflammatory NADPH oxidase 2. The impact of UA on …

Investigation Of Multiple Cyanotoxins In Toxic Lake Aerosols, Hailey Carter

Master's Theses and Capstones

Aerosols from freshwater lakes with toxigenic cyanobacteria pose a potentially serious threat to humans and wildlife. The most studied route of exposure to cyanotoxins is direct consumption (i.e., drinking contaminated water or eating contaminated food). However, a less studied but a potentially important route of exposure is inhalation of aerosolized cyanotoxins. Three toxins, produced by cyanobacteria, examined in this study were hepatoxicmicrocystins (MC),and the neurotoxins?-Methylamino-?-alanine (BMAA), and anatoxin-a (ATX). Using a compact lake aerosol monitor(CLAM), this study measured levels of aerosolized cyanotoxins(MC, BMAA, and ATX) at two shallow and inter-connected lakes, Walkers Pond and Lower Mill Pond (Brewster, MA, USA),biweekly …

Elucidating The Role Of Gli3 In Inflammatory Pain, Laura Grace Trachtenberg

Master's Theses and Capstones

The glioma-oncogenic proteins, or GLI proteins play a vital role in the body during development and in diseases. However, not much is known about GLI protein’s additional roles in the body, specifically GLI3. Through previous works in the Elsawa laboratory findings showed a novel role of GLI3 impacting the inflammatory response. Inflammation has potential to affect many pathways in the body including nociception and nociceptive pain. Therefore, the goal of this study was to elucidate the role of GLI3 in inflammatory pain. C57BL/6J adult mice were tested to observe putative knockout of GLI3 (cre-induced mice) in comparison to mice with …

Feeding Biology Of The Aeolid Nudibranch Flabellina Verrucosa, Rebecca Ann Romano

Master's Theses and Capstones

The aeolid nudibranch Flabellina verrucosa is a generalist predator found in the Gulf of Maine. There have been many field and lab observations documenting its association with a number of hydroids, ascidians, and schyphomedusans, but little else is known about their prey preferences or feeding biology. This study investigated the prey preferences of F. verrucosa as well as the potential for ingestive conditioning in this species. Histology of the digestive system of F. verrucosa was also examined and described. Results of both short and long-term preference trials indicated that Flabellina verrucosa has a preference for Ectopleura larynx but this preference …

Sheepshead (Archosargus Probatocephalus) Neurocranium, Andrew J. Hartmann, Steven Peterson, David W. Kerstetter

All Scans: Kerstetter Fisheries and Avian Ecology 3D Scan Series

Neurocranium from Sheepshead (Archosargus probatocephalus)

“Om” Chanting And Its Impact On Selected Neuropsychological Functions: A Literature Overview, Suresh Kumar Thanneeru, Roshan F. Sutar, Vijendra Singh, Anuradha Kushwah, Saikat Das, Mahendra Atlani, Madhukar Mittal, Amit Agrawal

Manipal Journal of Medical Sciences

The "OM" mantra is one of the most sacred symbols in Indian culture, and Om chanting holds emotional, spiritual, and religious significance. The domain and spectrum of the impact of "Om" chanting include delta and theta brainwaves on EEG, overall EEG activity, asthma symptom control, quality of life, brain hemodynamics, and physiological and psychological effects of "Om" chanting and singing. It also plays a role in the management of major depressive disorder (MDD). "OM" listening or chanting activates the frontal lobe and supramarginal gyrus, promoting calmness, enhancing thinking processes, and improving memory. In the present review, we selectively examine articles …

For As Long As The Lamp Is Burning: A One-Act Play, Jon Papernick

Emerson Authors, Researchers, & Creators

Miriam Bravermann, (Mama) a Holocaust survivor living in 1990’s Jerusalem believes the Nazis have stolen the mezuzah off her door post. Her adult son Avshalom is concerned that she’s beginning to lose her grip on reality and wants her to move in with him and his family. Mama has taken on the near holy responsibility of remembering, and refuses to accept that she may actually be forgetting.

Robot Guided Exercise Training: The Role Of The Human Model, Selena R. Richards

Honors Theses and Capstones

Physical therapy after an injury can be difficult for patients to access, whether it be due to location, finances, or other factors. To make physical therapy more accessible, robot-guided exercise training can be used. Commercial anthropomorphic robots have been created and have human-like movement, but may still lack qualities that make it easy for a human to understand its intentions intuitively. A human model that mimics the movement of a robot performing human exercises can be used to complement the robot and increase human understanding. The ideal model would be viewable from different angles and could visibly show the difference …

Effectiveness Of The Existing International Humanitarian Law Provisions In Protecting The Natural Environment During Internal Armed Conflicts, Joharah M. Alkahtani

Dissertations & Theses

The environment is inherently at risk in any armed conflict and the natural environment is always a victim of wars. In order to properly protect the environment, the international community must explicitly recognize the civilian nature of the environment and bar all damages to it notwithstanding its extent, longevity and severity. The current study focuses on the environmental protection during armed conflicts. In World War I, parties employed the indiscriminate use of chemical weapons as a way of gaining military advantage over their enemies. The world responded by adopting the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and …

The Effects Of Social Media On Anxiety, Reward Sensitivity, And Risk-Taking On Emerging Adults, Victoria Medrano

Master's Theses or Doctor of Nursing Practice

The increasing popularity of social media has led to 3.80 billion social media users worldwide (Kemp, 2020). The conception of social media has brought positive and negative effects to light. A tool originally intended to provide connection and build relationships has now also been described by many as a tool for bullying, peer pressure, mental health issues, and unrealistic views of others (Valkenburg & Peter, 2009). Research has shown a significant relationship between levels of social media usage and the likelihood for young adults to have increased reward sensitivity, risky behaviors, and anxiety levels (Vannucci et al., 2017; Vannucci et …

Cross-Statute Employment Discrimination Claims And The Need For A "Super Statute", William R. Corbett

Journal Articles

Employment discrimination law is almost sixty years old in the United States. The law has developed under several different statutes enacted by Congress at different times. Congress has amended the statutes over the years, almost always in reaction to Supreme Court decisions with which it disagrees. The Supreme Court and the lower courts then interpret these piecemeal repairs of the law. This approach has produced a body of employment discrimination law in which there are significant asymmetries among the protected characteristics and the several statutes. These asymmetries produce both practical and theoretical problems, creating employment discrimination law that is cumbersome …

Yale Medicine Magazine 2022, Issue 168, Yale University. School Of Medicine

Yale Medicine Magazine - alumni bulletin and magazine

This is the 2022 issue of Yale Medicine Magazine, issue 168. Prepared in cooperation with the alumni and development offices at the School of Medicine. Earlier volumes are called Yale School of Medicine alumni bulletins, dating from v.1 (1953) through v.13 (1965) and Yale Medicine: alumni bulletin of the School of Medicine, v.1 (1965) through v. 52, no.1. (Autumn 2017).

Yale Medicine Magazine 2022, Issue 169, Yale University. School Of Medicine

Yale Medicine Magazine - alumni bulletin and magazine

This is the 2022 issue of Yale Medicine Magazine, issue 169. Prepared in cooperation with the alumni and development offices at the School of Medicine. Earlier volumes are called Yale School of Medicine alumni bulletins, dating from v.1 (1953) through v.13 (1965) and Yale Medicine: alumni bulletin of the School of Medicine, v.1 (1965) through v. 52, no.1. (Autumn 2017).

Civil Rights Law Equity: An Introduction To A Theory Of What Civil Rights Has Become, John Valery White

Scholarly Works

This Article argues that civil rights law is better understood as civil rights equity. It contends that the four-decade-long project of restricting civil rights litigation has shaped civil rights jurisprudence into a contemporary version of traditional equity. For years commentators have noted the low success rates of civil rights suits and debated the propriety of increasingly restrictive procedural and substantive doctrines. Activists have lost faith in civil rights litigation as an effective tool for social change, instead seeking change in administrative forums, or by asserting political pressure through social media and activism to compel policy change. As for civil rights …

Racial Contagion: Anti-Asian Nationalism, The State Of Emergency, And Exclusion, Stewart Chang

Scholarly Works

No abstract provided.

Surveilling Potential Uses And Abuses Of Artificial Intelligence In Correctional Spaces, Justin Iverson

Scholarly Works

In section II, this paper will begin with an analysis of the development of AI, noting famous examples and establishing a baseline definition as a lens for the rest of this discussion. This paper will assess aspects of AI and machine learning to the extent it furthers our understanding of AI’s ability to collect data and make decisions. Some popular culture references will be brought into focus here to recognize storytelling’s ability to inspire and influence real-world scientific pursuits. Of preliminary importance, the AI we have both dreamed of and feared are certainly kept in mind as technology advances through …

Carrie Menkel-Meadow: Leading Us Toward Justice And Peace, Jean R. Sternlight

Scholarly Works

This Essay explores how Carrie Menkel-Meadow's life and work have both highlighted the path of "And"-showing and explaining that it is not only possible but also desirable to seek justice as well as peace, to be both activist and neutral. Of course, tensions will remain. Regarding particular issues in specific moments we all must decide which path we can and should take. Which activism is best, and which goes too far? With whom can we or should we negotiate, and when should we instead say, "I can't negotiate with this person or group"? When should we talk and listen, and …

A Brown Buffalo's Observations On Color (Blindness), Legal History, And Racial Justice In The Rocky Mountain West, Tom I. Romero Ii

Scholarly Works

No abstract provided.

Presynaptic Plasticity In A Mammalian Synapse Involves Actin Remodeling And Vesicle Recruitment, Shobana Subramanian

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Short term synaptic plasticity is required for working memory and executive functions, which become impaired in neurodegenerative diseases such as dementia. A form of short-term plasticity that can be induced by repeated stimulation of neurons is called post-tetanic potentiation (PTP). One way in which PTP occurs is through an increase in the number of vesicles at the active zone, the specialized region of the presynaptic terminal where synaptic transmission occurs. The calyx of Held is a large, rapidly firing synapse located in the auditory brainstem that is involved in sound localization. We have previously shown that the dense layer of …

“A Cascade Of Shifts In The Brain”: Kay Ryan’S Poetics, Sarah Gannett

Kaplan Senior Essay Prize for Use of Library Special Collections

In 2015, Kay Ryan wrote in her private journal that “I don’t feel that my poems have really been enjoyed yet, although they have been rewarded” (May 3, 2015 6:29 AM). This essay uses Ryan’s papers, acquired by the Beinecke Library in 2018, to develop an understanding of the poetics of this much-rewarded, but underappreciated two-term poet laureate, MacArthur fellow, and Pulitzer Prize winner. This essay is the first to use Ryan’s archives to analyze her poetic work.

Two poles of the Beinecke’s Kay Ryan Papers ground my discussion: her self-published 1983 debut collection, Dragon Acts to Dragon Ends, …

Tsunami: Recommitting To Adress Aapi Mental Health In A Post-Covid Era, Oliver J. Kim

Nova Law Review

No abstract provided.

Assessing Amateurism In College Sports, Casey E. Faucon

Washington and Lee Law Review

College sports generate approximately $8 billion each year for the National C[artel] Athletic Association and its member institutions. Most of this revenue flows from lucrative television broadcasting deals, which often incorporate the right to commercialize and sell the names, images, and likenesses of college athletes. Under its current revenue scheme, student-athletes—85 percent of whom live below the poverty line—receive a share of zero. For over a century, we’ve justified this exploitative distribution scheme under a cloak of student-athlete “amateurism.” Antitrust challenges to the NCAA’s amateurism rules clash with the assumption that “amateurism” is a revered tradition and an important tenet …

Course Syllabus Esc 414 Special Methods In Art/ Esc 714 Teaching Art In Middle And High School, Deborah Yasinsky

Open Educational Resources

Syllabus in art education for middle and high school students utilizing OER.

(Re)Empowering The Community: A Case Study Of Namibia's Legal Evolution Of Wildlife Governance, Stefan Carpenter

William & Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review

This Article will introduce the theoretical foundation of the CBC [Community-Based Conservation] approach. It will then use Namibia as a case study to both: (a) illustrate the sort of historical, political, and economic drivers that motivate the adoption of CBC across the global south, and (b) highlight the existence of potential structural weaknesses present in even the most lauded CBC programs. Finally, this Article will present some of the common theoretical and results-based criticisms of CBC and discuss broader lessons that can be drawn from the Namibian experience. The analyses in this Article draw from academic literature, Namibia’s statutes and …