Digital Commons Network^™

Drive-Through Deliveries: In Support Of Federal Legislation To Mandate Insurer Coverage Of Medically Sound Minimum Lengths Of Postpanum Stays For Mothers And Newborns, Freeman L. Farrow

University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform

President Clinton signed the Newborns' and Mothers' Health Protection Act of 1996 into law on September 26, 1996. The Act requires insurers that provide maternity benefits to cover medically sound minimum lengths of inpatient, postpartum stays according to the joint guidelines of the American Academy of Pediatrics and the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology. This Note discusses the historical context in which the necessity for passage of protective legislation arose, the interplay between state and federal statutes that created the need for federal legislation to provide desired protections for postpartum patients and examines the provisions of the Act. This …

Whose Justice? Which Victims?, Lynne Henderson

Michigan Law Review

A Review of George Fletcher, With Justice for Some: Victim's Rights in Criminal Trials

The L-Word : April 1, 1996, The L-Word

The L-Word

No abstract provided.

The Proposed Model Surrogate Parenthood Act: A Legislative Response To The Challenges Of Reproductive Technology, Murray L. Manus

University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform

In this Article, Manus proposes a Model Surrogate Parenthood Act. He examines the medical and scientific history of surrogacy and reviews the jurisprudence in the area, specifically the constitutional relationship between procreation rights and surrogacy. The author asserts that surrogate motherhood cannot be, and indeed, should not be, eradicated through legislation criminalizing it. The proposed Model Act, presented here in its entirety, attempts to reduce the problems inherent in the concept of surrogate parenthood by putting the process under strict court supervision and by zealously protecting the rights of the surrogate mother and the child to be conceived.

“But Then Face To Face”: Women's Issues, Mormon Culture, And Doctrine In Eight Pregnancy Narratives, Angela Ashurst-Mcgee

BYU Studies

For a Mormon woman, pregnancy can augment her agency, build charity, and transcend stereotypes. Sharing her narrative can help her organize and own her experience.

Traditional Mural Arts Of Sirigu: Forms. Symbolism, And Processes, Christine A. Cowhey

African Diaspora ISPs

This report studies the art of mural decorating that has been passed down through many generations of women in certain villages in the Upper East Region of Ghana. It identifies the common patterns that traditionally characterize these decorations, and explores how they function as a symbolic language in the communities in which they appear. Among the variety of surface decorations found throughout the Upper East Region, my research focuses on the traditional mural decorations of the village of Sirigu. These decorations are characterized by materials and common forms that represent objects of common use and visibility in the daily lives …

The L-Word : March 1, 1996, The L-Word

The L-Word

No abstract provided.

The Current Status Of Women's Employment In Outdoor Leadership, T. A. Loeffler

Research in Outdoor Education

The study analyzed women's employment rates from 62 outdoor organizations to determine women's rep­resentation in the outdoor field. Statistical analysis revealed that women were under-represented in outdoor organizations at the executive and management levels using a proportionality standard. Additionally, women reported lower salaries and higher gender-based discrimination occurrences than their male coun­terparts.

"Kind Of In The Middle": The Gendered Meanings Of The Outdoors For Women Students, Karla A. Henderson, Sherry Winn, Nina S. Roberts

Research in Outdoor Education

The purpose of this study was to examine the links between past, present, and future involvement for females and perceptions about whether the outdoors was perceived as a gendered environment Data were collected using five focus group interviews. Several aspects of grounded theory emerged from this study including aspects of exposure to outdoor opportunities as a child, in­volvement in the outdoors as a result of an4 resistance to a gendered society, and contradictions between idealized attitudes and the realities of women's involvement in the outdoors.

An Essay On The Piano, Law, And The Search For Women's Desire, Julia E. Hanigsberg

Michigan Journal of Gender & Law

The thesis of this essay is a simple one: to have a measure of control over her destiny, to have any choices, a woman must be a sexual agent, a subject of desire rather than an object. How can women exercise any autonomy in any other realms if in their most intimate lives they are unable to voice their desires? I do not mean to suggest that sexuality has unlimited explanatory power or that everything about women's domination can be explained by a rearticulation of desire. I do believe, however, that although the issue of sexuality is much discussed, feminist …

Women In The Courts: An Old Thorn In Men's Sides, Nikolaus Benke

Michigan Journal of Gender & Law

This article was inspired by the work of a series of state task forces on women in the courts. It examines the subject from a historical perspective, comparing ancient Rome, mainly during the period from the first century B.C. to the third A.D., with the United States, from its prerevolutionary beginnings to the present. The article's focus is gender bias against women acting in official court functions.

Book Review: From Basic Needs To Basic Rights: Women's Claim To Human Rights. Edited By Margaret A. Schuler. Washington, D.C.: Women, Law And Development International, 1995. 597 Pages., Joel Armstrong Schoenmeyer

Michigan Journal of Gender & Law

In the review of this work, Schoenmeyer will adhere to the structure provided by Schuler. In doing so, he will give an overview of the topics addressed in each individual section and then attempt to tie together and further analyze some of the book's main concepts.

Lessons For The United States: A Greek Cypriot Model For Domestic Violence Law, Joan L. Neisser

Michigan Journal of Gender & Law

The purpose of this Article is twofold: to view the problem of domestic violence victims not wishing to testify against their abusers through the lenses of different feminist perspectives; and to use the Greek Cypriot experience as a model to test the value of these theories when developing legal policies addressing this issue.

Reservations About Women: Population Policy And Reproductive Rights, Paula Abrams

Cornell International Law Journal

No abstract provided.

The Recommendations Of The International Conference On Population And Development: The Possibility Of The Empowerment Of Women In Egypt, Jennifer Jewett

Cornell International Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Political Lawyering, One Person At A Time: The Challenge Of Legal Work Against Domestic Violence For The Impact Litigation/Client Service Debate, Peter Margulies

Michigan Journal of Gender & Law

The premise of this Article is that, in his assertion that client service work is political lawyering, Ralph Reed is right. Indeed, Gary Bellow made a similar point about the political content of both impact litigation and client service work in a classic article written almost twenty years ago. Of course, Reed and Bellow are hardly ideological soulmates. Reed disapproves of the political content of service work, while Bellow heartily endorses it. On that point, this Article sides with Bellow. It employs the example of domestic violence lawyering to demonstrate why Bellow and Reed are correct that client service work …

Succeeding In Law School: A Comparison Of Women's Experiences At Brooklyn Law School And The University Of Pennsylvania, Marsha Garrison, Brian Tomko, Ivan Yip

Michigan Journal of Gender & Law

This Article reports our findings from a replication of the Penn research conducted at Brooklyn Law School in order to test the experience-performance link reported by the Penn researchers. Brooklyn Law School offers an ideal setting for a test of the Penn research because it already has adopted most of the reforms that the Penn researchers believe would reduce women's alienation from the learning environment and thus improve their academic performance. First, Brooklyn Law School, as compared to other American law schools, has a large proportion of women faculty. During the 1994-95 academic year, thirty-seven percent of its tenured and …

China's Denial Of Tibetan Women's Right To Reproductive Freedom, Eva Herzer, Sara B. Levin

Michigan Journal of Gender & Law

This Article first provides a historical account of the social and political context of the PRC's family planning policies in Tibet. Part B describes the PRC's official family policies from 1982 to the present. Part C discusses the PRC's actual practices, including its population quota controls, focusing on the forced and coerced abortions and sterilizations performed on Tibetan women. Part D applies international human rights law and concludes that the PRC's family planning policy, as implemented, violates international human rights laws. The Article concludes by recommending points of action for the PRC and international community to address these human rights …

Can Families Be Efficient? A Feminist Appraisal, Ann Laquer Estin

Michigan Journal of Gender & Law

This Article examines the convergence of feminist and law and economics theory on family law questions, particularly issues of marriage and divorce. Both feminist legal theory and law and economics analysis have come to occupy a significant place in the American legal academy, demonstrated by growing numbers of conferences, journals, casebooks and monographs, and electronic mail lists in each area. Not surprisingly, as the two fields have grown, they have begun to touch, to overlap, and occasionally to come into conflict. This process has been evident in the extensive literature on sex discrimination in employment and is increasingly apparent in …

Granting Political Asylum To Potential Victims Of Female Circumcision, Gregory A. Kelson

Michigan Journal of Gender & Law

Part I of this article examines two cases. In one case, a United States immigration court allowed female circumcision as a defense to deportation. In another case, the Canadian Immigration and Refugee Board granted political asylum after recognizing female circumcision as a form of persecution. Part II assesses the extent of protections currently provided for potential victims of female circumcision under U.S. asylum law and analyzes the factors that a court should consider when making asylum determinations. Part III recommends that gender should be added to the enumerated grounds for persecution under U.S. asylum law. This section provides a hypothetical …

Innocent Spouses, Reasonable Women And Divorce: The Gap Between Reality And The Internal Revenue Code, Stephen A. Zorn

Michigan Journal of Gender & Law

This Article asks whether the "reasonable woman" should become the standard for women seeking relief from tax liabilities under the innocent spouse provision of the I.R.C. and whether an even more specific standard should be adopted for women who are also going through divorce or are in similar situations.

The L-Word : January 1, 1996, The L-Word

The L-Word

No abstract provided.

“Some Kind Of Lawyer”: Two Journeys From Classroom To Courtroom And Beyond, Terry Birdwhistell

Law Faculty Scholarly Articles

In January 1996 a panel of the American Bar Association released a report concluding that "discrimination continues to permeate the structures, practices and attitudes of the legal profession." It has been a long journey in women's efforts to obtain equity in both law schools and in the legal profession generally. This article is composed of two interviews with University of Kentucky College of Law graduates: Norma Boster Adams (’52) and Annette McGee Cunningham (’80). Twenty-eight years separated Norma Adams and Annette Cunningham at the College of Law. They faced different obstacles and chose varied paths to success. While each can …

A Case For Pregnancy-Based Unemployment Insurance, Mark R. Brown

University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform

Professor Brown argues that unemployment insurance laws should be amended to provide coverage to otherwise eligible, pregnant claimants. Under current law, women who quit because of pregnancy are either disqualified from receiving unemployment benefits altogether or qualify only after childbirth. Those who are fired, meanwhile, often either cannot prove the motivation for their discharge or discover that they are disqualified because of their unavailability for work. Professor Brown uses a case study to illustrate the problems posed by pregnancy and unemployment insurance. He proposes model legislation that extends coverage to all pregnant claimants who temporarily separate from their employment.

Lawyer Professionalism In A Gendered Society, Ellen S. Podgor

South Carolina Law Review

No abstract provided.

Inspirational Women At Edith Cowan University: Women In Leadership Project, Linley Lord (Ed.)

Research outputs pre 2011

This booklet profiles 10 exceptional University women who have excelled in their chosen careers. In their stories, these women outline their career history - their reasons for their choice of career and how they got to where they are today. They discuss the difficulties that they encountered along the way (such as sexism, racism, negative attitudes, lack of confidence) and how they dealt with these. They talk about the influence of role models on their careers and their own personal qualities which have contributed to their success. Some words of advice to career-minded women complete their stories.

These stories are …

Domestic Violence: Termination Of An Abusive Relationship And Its Effect On The Psychopathology Of Women, Amber Daun Rollstin

UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations

Victims of domestic violence are often blamed for the violence they experience. Previous research has found that these victims experience many psychological difficulties while in the relationship. Fifty women that differed in amount of time out of their abusive situations were studied. Each subject completed the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2), the Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS), and a brief demographic sheet; It was hypothesized that the longer the women had been out of the relationship the lower the levels of psychopathology they would exhibit. Results indicated that psychopathology levels did not significantly correlate with length of time since termination. Correlations …

Women's Educational Pursuits: Effects On Marital And Relationship Happiness, Michele Minetti

UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations

This study uses a descriptive design to investigate how attending college may change a woman's perception of her happiness with her marriage or primary relationship. Also assessed is the presence of value change since entering college, and how such changes may affect the woman's perception of her marriage or relationship. Marital happiness was assessed in nine relationship domains by using a likert scale. The domains that showed a statistically significant decrease in marital/relationship happiness were: household responsibilities, social activities, money, and sex. The independence domain was the only one that showed a statistically significant increase in marital happiness. Ninety percent …

When Art Turns Violent: Images Of Women, The Sexualization Of Violence And Their Implications For Art Education, Yvonne Gaudelius, Juliet Moore

Journal of Social Theory in Art Education

Approximately two years ago, after viewing a slide of Rubens’ The Rape of the Daughters of Leucippus, a group of students enrolled in an “art for elementary education majors” course were asked to write an interpretation of this work, as part of a series of art criticism activities that they had engaged in through the semester. Most of the students wrote what might be described as reasonable interpretations in that they discussed the work in formal terms and made judgments about the artwork. However, and this is what is of interest to us in this paper, only two students in …

If You Let Me Play Sports, Marilyn V. Yarbrough

Marquette Sports Law Review

No abstract provided.