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Shear And Turbulence Production Across Subtidal Channels, David K. Ralston, Mark T. Stacey Jan 2006

Shear And Turbulence Production Across Subtidal Channels, David K. Ralston, Mark T. Stacey

Journal of Marine Research

In intertidal regions with subtidal channels, effects of bathymetry on overlying flow vary greatly with tidal stage. Around low water when mudflats and marsh are exposed, flow is constrained to channels, but when water depths are greater, tidal forcing may not necessarily be aligned with meandering channel axes. Flow across the channel can generate strong shear and turbulence at the elevation of the channel banks and can significantly increase turbulent energy in the middle of the water column. Field observations in a mudflat channel of San Francisco Bay indicate that cross-channel shear regularly occurs there early in ebb tides. With …

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Physical-Biological Interactions And Their Effect On Phytoplankton Blooms In Fjords And Near-Coastal Waters, Lars Erik Holmedal, Torbjørn Utnes Jan 2006

Physical-Biological Interactions And Their Effect On Phytoplankton Blooms In Fjords And Near-Coastal Waters, Lars Erik Holmedal, Torbjørn Utnes

Journal of Marine Research

A one-dimensional flow model which accounts for turbulence and stratification in the upper ocean has been applied in conjunction with a one-dimensional production-advection-diffusion model to predict the initial evolution of the phytoplankton biomass concentration under given biological and physical conditions. Here the stratification is caused by the salinity which is modeled by a one-dimensional diffusion equation; the density is related to the salinity by a linear relation (state equation). The resulting one-dimensional model has been applied to investigate how local physical conditions affect the initiation of phytoplankton blooms in nutrition rich waters characterized by wind driven currents and salinity stratification. …

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An Estuarine Box Model Of Freshwater Delivery To The Coastal Ocean For Use In Climate Models, Richard W. Garvine, Michael M. Whitney Jan 2006

An Estuarine Box Model Of Freshwater Delivery To The Coastal Ocean For Use In Climate Models, Richard W. Garvine, Michael M. Whitney

Journal of Marine Research

Present day climate models employ a coarse horizontal grid that is unable to fully resolve estuaries or continental shelves. The importation of fresh water from rivers is critical to the state of deep ocean stratification, but currently the processing of that fresh water as it passes from the river through the estuary and adjacent shelf is not represented in the coastal boundary conditions of climate models. An efficient way to represent this input of fresh water to the deep ocean would be to treat the estuary and shelf domains as two coupled box models with river water input to the …

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On The Mechanism Of Centennial Thermohaline Oscillations, Florian Sévellec, Thierry Huck, Mahdi Ben Jelloul Jan 2006

On The Mechanism Of Centennial Thermohaline Oscillations, Florian Sévellec, Thierry Huck, Mahdi Ben Jelloul

Journal of Marine Research

Centennial oscillations of the ocean thermohaline circulation are studied in a 2-D latitude-depth model under mixed boundary conditions (i.e. restoring surface temperature and prescribed freshwater flux). The oscillations are revealed through linear stability analysis of a steady state obtained in a single hemisphere configuration. A density variance budget is performed and helps determine the physical processes sustaining these oscillations: the restoring surface temperature appears as a source of density variance – this is a consequence of positively-correlated temperature and salinity anomalies. A minimal model, the Howard-Malkus loop oscillator, enables us to understand physically the oscillatory and growth mechanisms. The centennial …

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Analysis Of Instabilities And Mesoscale Motion In A Terrain-Following Coordinate Ocean Model, Ingerid Fossum, Lars Petter Røed Jan 2006

Analysis Of Instabilities And Mesoscale Motion In A Terrain-Following Coordinate Ocean Model, Ingerid Fossum, Lars Petter Røed

Journal of Marine Research

We perform a combined potential vorticity analysis and energy analysis to analyze instabilities and mesoscale motion in a continuously stratified, terrain-following coordinate ocean model. Care is exercised to ensure that the potential vorticity is conserved along isopycnals in the absence of sources and sinks. We also derive expressions for the energy components and the associated conversion terms suitable for a terrain-following coordinate ocean model. To demonstrate the usefulness of the new combined analysis tool for detection of instabilities, we analyze results from a numerical model experiment in which the ocean model is contained in a long, rectangular channel closed at …

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Carbon Flows Through A Benthic Food Web: Integrating Biomass, Isotope And Tracer Data, Dick Van Oevelen, Karline Soetaert, Jack J. Middelburg, Peter M. J. Herman, Leon Moodley, Ilse Hamels, Tom Moens, Carlo H. R. Heip Jan 2006

Carbon Flows Through A Benthic Food Web: Integrating Biomass, Isotope And Tracer Data, Dick Van Oevelen, Karline Soetaert, Jack J. Middelburg, Peter M. J. Herman, Leon Moodley, Ilse Hamels, Tom Moens, Carlo H. R. Heip

Journal of Marine Research

The herbivorous, detrital and microbial pathways are major components of marine food webs. Although it is commonly recognized that these pathways can be linked in several ways, elucidating carbon transfers between or within these pathways remains a challenge. Intertidal flat communities are driven by a wide spectrum of organic matter sources that support these different pathways within the food web. Here we reconstruct carbon pathways using inverse analysis based on mass balancing, stable isotope signatures and tracer data. Data were available on biomass, total carbon production and processing, integrated diet information from stable isotope signatures and the transfer of recently …

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Tidal Fronts And Their Role In Air-Sea Gas Exchange, B. Baschek, D. M. Farmer, C. Garrett Jan 2006

Tidal Fronts And Their Role In Air-Sea Gas Exchange, B. Baschek, D. M. Farmer, C. Garrett

Journal of Marine Research

Tidal fronts are a common feature of many coastal environments. They are characterized by a surface convergence zone that enhances wave breaking and the generation of gas bubbles due to wave-current interaction. The associated downwelling currents carry bubbles to depths of up to 160 m and increase the amount of air that dissolves from them.An energetic tidal front is formed at the entrance to the Strait of Georgia, BC, Canada, by a hydraulically controlled sill flow with vertical velocities of up to 0.75 m s−1. Extensive ship-board measurements during two cruises are interpreted with models of wave-current interaction …

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Variation Beneath The Surface: Quantifying Complex Thermal Environments On Coral Reefs In The Caribbean, Bahamas And Florida, James J. Leichter, Brian Helmuth, Andrew M. Fischer Jan 2006

Variation Beneath The Surface: Quantifying Complex Thermal Environments On Coral Reefs In The Caribbean, Bahamas And Florida, James J. Leichter, Brian Helmuth, Andrew M. Fischer

Journal of Marine Research

Analysis of in situ temperature records collected on six coral reefs in the Caribbean, Bahamas, and Florida Keys reveal significant variability across a range of temporal and spatial scales from minutes to seasons, across depths, and among sites. Subsurface variability occurring at daily and faster frequencies is prevalent across the region, likely driven by combinations of diurnal heating and cooling, wind driven advection, and internal waves at tidal and faster frequencies. This high frequency variability is not detected in records of remotely-sensed sea surface temperature alone. Diurnal variability likely caused by diurnal solar heating and cooling and possibly by advection …

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A Model Of Methane Concentration Profiles In The Open Ocean, G. C. Nihous, S. M. Masutani Jan 2006

A Model Of Methane Concentration Profiles In The Open Ocean, G. C. Nihous, S. M. Masutani

Journal of Marine Research

Methane-bearing particulate matter formed in the upper ocean layer is allowed to settle and degrade, releasing methane into the water column as a source in one-dimensional advection-diffusion equations. Predicted carbon and methane particulate fluxes are in good agreement with sediment trap data, using parameters of expected magnitude and particulate methane production well within the mixed layer. This suggests a rapid pathway to the atmosphere and reduced effects on methane concentrations below. Vertical advection rates yielding a good fit between methane concentration calculations and data are larger than expected unless methane oxidation is included. This confirms the significance of methane oxidation …

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Inferring Mixed-Layer Depth Variability From Argo Observations In The Western Indian Ocean, T. V. S. Udaya Bhaskar, D. Swain, M. Ravichandran Jan 2006

Inferring Mixed-Layer Depth Variability From Argo Observations In The Western Indian Ocean, T. V. S. Udaya Bhaskar, D. Swain, M. Ravichandran

Journal of Marine Research

The seasonal and spatial variability of mixed layer depth (MLD) was examined in the Western Indian Ocean (WIO) (30E – 80E and 10S – 30N) for three consecutive years starting from June 2002 – May 2005 using Argo temperature and salinity (T/S) profiles. These were compared with MLD estimates from World Ocean Atlas 2001 (WOA01) T/S data. Temporal and spatial variability of MLD estimated from Argo T/S profiles were found to correspond well with the MLD obtained from WOA01 T/S data. However, slight deviations in the form of months of occurrence of minima and maxima MLDs were observed. MLD from …

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Bio-Irrigation In Permeable Sediments: An Assessment Of Model Complexity, Filip J. R. Meysman, Oleksiy S. Galaktionov, Britta Gribsholt, Jack J. Middelburg Jan 2006

Bio-Irrigation In Permeable Sediments: An Assessment Of Model Complexity, Filip J. R. Meysman, Oleksiy S. Galaktionov, Britta Gribsholt, Jack J. Middelburg

Journal of Marine Research

Burrowing benthic animals ventilate their burrow networks, and this enhances the transport of solutes in the sediment and exchange with the overlying water column, a process referred to as bio-irrigation. Various models have been proposed to model bio-irrigation, with different levels of sophistication related to model dimensionality and parameter numbers. Here we address the issue of model complexity for bio-irrigation in permeable sediments. To this end, we simulated flowline patterns and tracer signals using (1) a full 3D model that explicitly models the J-shaped geometry of the burrow in a suitable microenvironment surrounding the burrow, (2) a simplified 2D axisymmetric …

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Differential Fates Of Emiliania Huxleyi-Derived Fatty Acids And Alkenones In Coastal Marine Sediments: Effects Of The Benthic Crustacean Palaemonetes Pugio, Haibing Ding, Ming-Yi Sun Jan 2006

Differential Fates Of Emiliania Huxleyi-Derived Fatty Acids And Alkenones In Coastal Marine Sediments: Effects Of The Benthic Crustacean Palaemonetes Pugio, Haibing Ding, Ming-Yi Sun

Journal of Marine Research

In order to examine how benthic crustaceans affect the fates of phytoplankton-derived lipid biomarkers (fatty acids and alkenones) in coastal marine sediments, we incubated Emiliania huxleyi cells in microcosms (pre-sieved sediment cores with and without the grass shrimp Palaemonetes pugio ) over six weeks. Crustacean, transport of surface sediments, and distributions of algal lipids were followed during incubations. Crustacean activities enhanced degradation of algal fatty acids (2–4× faster) but had a small impact on algal alkenone degradation (<1.4×) compared to the controls. During the first few days of incubations, alkenone concentrations were enriched while algal fatty acid concentrations were depleted in suspended particles in the overlying water of cores, indicating that P. pugio selectively grazed algal material from sediments and preferentially assimilated fatty acids over alkenones through digestion. Unlike algal fatty acids, alkenones …

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Sandström’S Experiments Revisited, Melissa A. Coman, Ross W. Griffiths, Graham O. Hughes Jan 2006

Sandström’S Experiments Revisited, Melissa A. Coman, Ross W. Griffiths, Graham O. Hughes

Journal of Marine Research

Sandström's (1908, 1916) pioneering experiments led to the conclusion, later referred to as Sandström's 'theorem', that differential heating and cooling cannot drive a sustained circulation when the source of heating is at or above the level of the cooling source. This principle is incorrect on theoretical grounds and is contradicted by modern laboratory results for the particular case of differential heating and cooling along a single horizontal boundary of a box. However, the 'theorem' has remained common currency. In order to explain the contradiction and explore the fundamentally important concepts involved, we re-create the original experiments of a century ago. …

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Estimating Subsurface Horizontal And Vertical Velocities From Sea-Surface Temperature, J. H. Lacasce, A. Mahadevan Jan 2006

Estimating Subsurface Horizontal And Vertical Velocities From Sea-Surface Temperature, J. H. Lacasce, A. Mahadevan

Journal of Marine Research

We examine a dynamical method for estimating subsurface fields (density, pressure, horizontal and vertical velocities) in the upper ocean using sea-surface temperature (SST) and a climatological estimate of the stratification. The method derives from the "surface quasi-geostrophic" (SQG) approximation. The SST is used to generate a potential vorticity (PV) field which is then inverted for the pressure. We examine first the standard SQG model, in which the PV is assumed trapped in a delta-function layer at the surface. We then modify the model by introducing a subsurface PV which is proportional to the surface density and decays exponentially with depth. …

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Accounting For Unresolved Spatial Variability In Marine Ecosystems Using Time Lags, Philip J. Walhead, Adrian P. Martin, Meric A. Srokosz, Mike J. R. Fasham Jan 2006

Accounting For Unresolved Spatial Variability In Marine Ecosystems Using Time Lags, Philip J. Walhead, Adrian P. Martin, Meric A. Srokosz, Mike J. R. Fasham

Journal of Marine Research

The formulation and calibration of models is a vital method for probing and predicting the behavior of marine ecosystems. The ability to do this may suffer, however, if the calibrating data set is subject to significant spatial variability between samples that is not resolved in the model. We propose that some of this variability might be accounted for by variable time lags between sampled water masses which are otherwise assumed to follow a common pattern of ecosystem variability (dynamical trajectory). Using twin tests of fitting models to simulated data sets, we show that realistic levels of meso/sub-mesoscale variability in time …

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Linking Arenicola Marina Irrigation Behavior To Oxygen Transport And Dynamics In Sandy Sediments, Karen Timmermann, Gary T. Banta, Ronnie N. Glud Jan 2006

Linking Arenicola Marina Irrigation Behavior To Oxygen Transport And Dynamics In Sandy Sediments, Karen Timmermann, Gary T. Banta, Ronnie N. Glud

Journal of Marine Research

In this study we examine how the irrigation behavior of the common lugworm Arenicola marina affects the distribution, transport and dynamics of oxygen in sediments using microelectrodes, planar optodes and diagenetic modeling. The irrigation pattern was characterized by a regular recurring periods of active irrigation lasting approximately 15 min separated by a 15 min rest period. The mean pumping rate during irrigation was 52 ml h−1. Oxygen dynamics and distribution around the tail shaft was closely related to irrigation pattern but independent of pumping rate. During irrigation the oxygen concentration in the burrow was high (>80% air …

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Corrigendum To Diffusivity And Viscosity Dependence In The Linear Thermocline (J. Mar. Res., 62, 743–769), J. H. Lacasce Jan 2006

Corrigendum To Diffusivity And Viscosity Dependence In The Linear Thermocline (J. Mar. Res., 62, 743–769), J. H. Lacasce

Journal of Marine Research

The statement in LaCasce (2004) that the amplitude, A, of the western boundary layer solution (Eq. 25 in the article) is determined by matching at the northern wall to the streamfunction from the northern boundary inner layer solution, ϕin, is incorrect. The correct procedure is to match to the full boundary layer solution at the northern wall, with contributions from both the inner and outer layers. Doing this ensures that the full transport in the northern layer is fed into the western layer...

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Tidal Energy In The Bering Sea, M. G. G. Foreman, P. F. Cummins, J. Y. Cherniawsky, Phyllis Stabeno Jan 2006

Tidal Energy In The Bering Sea, M. G. G. Foreman, P. F. Cummins, J. Y. Cherniawsky, Phyllis Stabeno

Journal of Marine Research

Tidal harmonics computed from TOPEX/POSEIDON altimetry are assimilated into a barotropic, finite element model of the Bering Sea whose accuracy is evaluated though comparisons with independent bottom pressure gauges. The model is used to estimate energy fluxes through each of the Aleutian Passes and Bering Strait and to construct an energy budget for the major tidal constituents. The finite element model does not conserve mass locally and this is shown to give rise to an additional term in the energy budget whose contribution is significant for the prior model, but which is reduced substantially with the assimilation technique. Though the …

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Estimation Of Nonlocal Turbulent Mixing Parameters Derived From Microstructure Profiles, Jaume Piera, Ruben Quesada, Jordi Catalan Jan 2006

Estimation Of Nonlocal Turbulent Mixing Parameters Derived From Microstructure Profiles, Jaume Piera, Ruben Quesada, Jordi Catalan

Journal of Marine Research

The present study proposes a new method for estimating nonlocal mixing parameters from microstructure data processing. The method could be particularly useful in studies of biological-physical interactions at small scale because it overcomes some of the limitations of the eddy diffusivity concept when dealing with the complex vertical pattern of biological and chemical tracers. The proposed method obtains empirically the coefficients of the transilient matrix, this being the discrete descriptor used in nonlocal mixing closure. The estimation is based on microstructure data analysis, in particular Thorpe displacement profiles, and includes three main steps: turbulent patch identification within each profile, turbulent …

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Transfer Of Particulate Matter From The Northwestern Mediterranean Continental Margin: Variability And Controlling Factors, M. Guarracino, B. Barnier, P. Marsaleix, X. Durrieu De Madron, A. Monaco, K. Escoubeyrou, J. C. Marty Jan 2006

Transfer Of Particulate Matter From The Northwestern Mediterranean Continental Margin: Variability And Controlling Factors, M. Guarracino, B. Barnier, P. Marsaleix, X. Durrieu De Madron, A. Monaco, K. Escoubeyrou, J. C. Marty

Journal of Marine Research

Long-term observations of monthly downward particle fluxes and hourly currents and temperature were initiated in 1993 in two canyons of the continental margin of the Gulf of Lion. The goals of this survey were to estimate its contribution to the CO2 global budget and to understand the role of forcing factors in the control of present-day particle exchange across this margin. A previous statistical analysis of the long-term time series suggested that variability in the transfer of particulate matter to the deep ocean could be the result of the effect of the meandering of the Northern Current and by …

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Quantifying Seasonal Air-Sea Gas Exchange Processes Using Noble Gas Time-Series: A Design Experiment, Rachel H. R. Stanley, William J. Jenkins, Scott C. Doney Jan 2006

Quantifying Seasonal Air-Sea Gas Exchange Processes Using Noble Gas Time-Series: A Design Experiment, Rachel H. R. Stanley, William J. Jenkins, Scott C. Doney

Journal of Marine Research

A multi-year time-series of measurements of five noble gases (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe) at a subtropical ocean location may allow quantification of air-sea gas exchange parameters with tighter constraints than is currently available by other methods. We have demonstrated this using a one-dimensional upper ocean model forced by 6-hourly NCEP reanalysis winds and heat flux for the Sargasso Sea near Bermuda. We performed ensemble model runs to characterize the response of the modeled noble gas saturation anomalies to a range of air-sea gas exchange parameters. We then used inverse calculations to quantify the sensitivity of the parameters to …

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Synoptic Lagrangian Maps: Application To Surface Transport In Monterey Bay, B. L. Lipphardt Jr., D. Small, A. D. Kirwan Jr., S. Wiggins, K. Ide, C. E. Grosch, J. D. Paduan Jan 2006

Synoptic Lagrangian Maps: Application To Surface Transport In Monterey Bay, B. L. Lipphardt Jr., D. Small, A. D. Kirwan Jr., S. Wiggins, K. Ide, C. E. Grosch, J. D. Paduan

Journal of Marine Research

Here we report on an effort to describe in detail the evolution of surface water particles in Monterey Bay from the time they first enter until the time they leave. The data used for this study are objective mappings from hourly surface currents obtained from high frequency (HF) radar measurements in Monterey Bay for the period 2 June through 4 August 1999. The basic concept is simple: compute the origin and fate of a large number of particles for every hour during the analysis period. However, analyzing and displaying the enormous amount of computed trajectory information required a new data …

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Beam Attenuation And Chlorophyll Concentration As Alternative Optical Indices Of Phytoplankton Biomass, Michael J. Behrenfeld, Emmanual Boss Jan 2006

Beam Attenuation And Chlorophyll Concentration As Alternative Optical Indices Of Phytoplankton Biomass, Michael J. Behrenfeld, Emmanual Boss

Journal of Marine Research

Chlorophyll has long functioned as the prominent field metric for phytoplankton biomass, but its variability can be strongly influenced by (even dominated by) physiological shifts in intracellular pigmentation in response to changing growth conditions (light, nutrients, temperature). The particulate beam attenuation coefficient (cp) may offer an alternative optical measure of phytoplankton biomass that is readily assessed in situ and relatively insensitive to changes in intracellular pigment content. Unlike chlorophyll, however, cp is not uniquely associated with phytoplankton and varies as well with changes in inorganic, detrital, and heterotrophic particles. In open ocean environments, particles in the …

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Does The Marine Biosphere Mix The Ocean?, W. K. Dewar, R. J. Bingham, R. L. Iverson, D. P. Nowacek, L. C. St. Laurent, P. H. Wiebe Jan 2006

Does The Marine Biosphere Mix The Ocean?, W. K. Dewar, R. J. Bingham, R. L. Iverson, D. P. Nowacek, L. C. St. Laurent, P. H. Wiebe

Journal of Marine Research

Ocean mixing is thought to control the climatically important oceanic overturning circulation. Here we argue the marine biosphere, by a mechanism like the bioturbation occurring in marine sediments, mixes the oceans as effectively as the winds and tides. This statement is derived ultimately from an estimated 62.7 TeraWatts of chemical power provided to the marine environment in net primary production. Various approaches argue something like 1% (.63 TeraWatts) of this power is invested in aphotic ocean mechanical energy, a rate comparable to wind and tidal inputs.

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Acoustic Observations Of Vertical And Horizontal Swimming Velocities Of A Diel Migrator, C. Smyth, A. E. Hay, P. S. Hill, D. Schillinger Jan 2006

Acoustic Observations Of Vertical And Horizontal Swimming Velocities Of A Diel Migrator, C. Smyth, A. E. Hay, P. S. Hill, D. Schillinger

Journal of Marine Research

A strong sound scattering layer which underwent diel vertical migration was observed over 176 days using a bottom-mounted 600 kHz ADCP at a depth of approximately 285 m on the upper continental slope. Average observed descent times of the scatterers were within 12 minutes of sunrise and average ascent times were within 13 minutes of sunset. Average ascent speeds progressively increased away from the bed and approached 6 cm/s. Average descent speeds similarly reached a maximum of ∼6 cm/s. Horizontal velocities of the scatterers during vertical migration were found to be smaller than ambient velocities (by up to 3 cm/s), …

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Estimation Of Mixed-Layer Depth From Surface Parameters, D. Swain, M. M. Ali, R. A. Weller Jan 2006

Estimation Of Mixed-Layer Depth From Surface Parameters, D. Swain, M. M. Ali, R. A. Weller

Journal of Marine Research

Mixed layer depth (MLD) is an important oceanographic parameter. However, the lack of direct observations of MLD hampers both specification and investigation of its spatial and temporal variability. An important alternative to direct observation would be the ability to estimate MLD from surface parameters easily available from satellites. In this study, we demonstrate estimation of MLD using Artificial Neural Network methods and surface meteorology from a surface mooring in the Arabian Sea. The estimated MLD had a root mean square error of 7.36 m and a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.94. About 67% (91%) of the …

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Understanding The Influence Of Rossby Waves On Surface Chlorophyll Concentrations In The North Atlantic Ocean, G. Charria, I. Dadou, P. Cipollini, M. Drévillon, P. De Mey, V. Garçon Jan 2006

Understanding The Influence Of Rossby Waves On Surface Chlorophyll Concentrations In The North Atlantic Ocean, G. Charria, I. Dadou, P. Cipollini, M. Drévillon, P. De Mey, V. Garçon

Journal of Marine Research

The variability (in space and time) of westward propagating Rossby waves is analyzed with a wavelet method between 10N and 40N in the North Atlantic Ocean using two remotely sensed data sets (Sea Level Anomalies – SLA and surface chlorophyll-a concentrations) in order to better understand the waves' characteristics and their impacts on the chlorophyll distribution. Signals with wavelengths between ∼ 500 km and ∼ 1000 km with ∼ 4- to ∼ 24-month periods were detected and identified as the first baroclinic mode of Rossby waves. The spatial and temporal information has also highlighted a particular situation in 1998 …

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Simulation And Energy Partition Of The Flow Through Paso Galvarino, Chile, Michael W. Stacey, Arnoldo Valle-Levinson Jan 2006

Simulation And Energy Partition Of The Flow Through Paso Galvarino, Chile, Michael W. Stacey, Arnoldo Valle-Levinson

Journal of Marine Research

Paso Galvarino is a constriction in Seno Ventisquero, a tidally-energetic Chilean fjord. The pass is about 1500 m long and constricts in width by about 90 % near its sill, which has a depth of about 8 m. A laterally-averaged numerical model is compared to ADCP and backscatter observations of the hydraulic flow near the sill, during maximum flood, the slack tide after the flood, maximum ebb, and the slack tide after the ebb. The model is also used to examine how the energy flux into the fjord is partitioned in the region of the constriction. Energy is removed from …

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The Evolution Of Density Currents And Nepheloid Bottom Layers In The Ross Sea (Antarctica), Giorgio Budillon, Ettore Salusti, Sergio Tucci Jan 2006

The Evolution Of Density Currents And Nepheloid Bottom Layers In The Ross Sea (Antarctica), Giorgio Budillon, Ettore Salusti, Sergio Tucci

Journal of Marine Research

In this study we have analyzed the thermohaline, light transmission and particulate matter data, obtained in the western sector of the Ross Sea during the X Italian Expedition, for the purpose of investigating the evolution of the High Salinity Shelf Water in this area. In particular CTD data were used to estimate the baroclinic velocity field. Light transmission and total particulate matter data (from Niskin bottles mounted on a Carousel water sampler) were used to analyze the nepheloid layers and the evolution of the suspended sediments. This basin is characterized by a northward flow of very dense High Salinity Shelf …

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Sensitivity Of The Meridional Transport In A 1.5-Layer Ocean Model To Localized Mass Sources, C. Herbaut, J. Sirven, J. Deshayes Jan 2006

Sensitivity Of The Meridional Transport In A 1.5-Layer Ocean Model To Localized Mass Sources, C. Herbaut, J. Sirven, J. Deshayes

Journal of Marine Research

The response of a 1.5-layer ocean model forced by localized stochastic mass sources is studied. The focus is on the sensitivity of the spectral characteristics of the meridional transport to the location and the extent of the source region. In all the experiments, performed in hemispheric and interhemispheric basins, the spectra show a peak at interannual time scale revealing the existence of an oscillation. The period of the oscillation is defined by the zonal extent of the forcing, whereas its amplitude is affected by its location. When the source region is located in the northwestern corner of the basin, the …

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