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The Effect Of Copper Upon The Development Of Bacteria In Sea Water And The Isolation Of Specific Bacteria, Selman A. Waksman, Donald B. Johnstone, Cornelia L. Carey Jan 1943

The Effect Of Copper Upon The Development Of Bacteria In Sea Water And The Isolation Of Specific Bacteria, Selman A. Waksman, Donald B. Johnstone, Cornelia L. Carey

Journal of Marine Research

Copper is used extensively in the eradication of various types of disease-producing microorganisms, especially fungi, as well as other organisms which are a nuisance to water supplies, such as algae and certain animal forms. It is also known that traces of copper are essential for the growth of many of the lower forms of life. The extensive literature on the relation of copper to microbial development is largely limited to the above two phenomena. Comparatively little is known, however, of the effect of copper upon a mixed microbiological population consisting of many organisms with different metabolic processes. It is known, …

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A Possible Function Of Bioluminescence, Martin D. Burkenroad Jan 1943

A Possible Function Of Bioluminescence, Martin D. Burkenroad

Journal of Marine Research

It has been found difficult in many cases to conceive a use of the light to the luminescent organism, despite the large number of possibilities of ecological significance which have been suggested (vide Mangold, 1910, pp. 326-32; Kemp, 1910, p. 649; Putter, 1911, p. 487; Harvey, 1920, pp. 81-4 ; Rauther, 1927, pp. 162:...6; Harvey, 1942, pp. 58-87)....

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The Phytoplankton Of The Gulf Of California Obtained By The "E. W. Scipps" In 1939 And 1940, J. Y. Gilbert, W. E. Allen Jan 1943

The Phytoplankton Of The Gulf Of California Obtained By The "E. W. Scipps" In 1939 And 1940, J. Y. Gilbert, W. E. Allen

Journal of Marine Research

The waters of the Gulf of California are fabulously rich in marine life; they fairly teem with multitudes of fish of both commercial and sport varieties. To maintain these large numbers there must be correspondingly huge crops of their ultimate food-the phytoplankton. And, indeed, it was the enormous quantity of these microscopic plants that gave the Gulf its early and descriptive name-the Vermilion Sea. In 1939 and again in 1940 the "E. W. Scripps," research vessel of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography of the University of California, spent several months in these waters and among the data collected on these …

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A Suggested Counting Frame For Intertidal Population Studies, Ralph W. Dexter Jan 1943

A Suggested Counting Frame For Intertidal Population Studies, Ralph W. Dexter

Journal of Marine Research

Many investigators have made population studies on the intertidal region, particularly to determine the zonation of marine life in correlation with tidal levels. These workers for the most part have adopted the commonly used square meter or square foot quadrat, or fraction of same, so successfully employed in the study of terrestrial populations. In some cases, such as extensive, gently sloping beaches and flats this method has been very satisfactory....

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Graphic Representation Of Salinity In A Tidal Estuary, Leslie A. Stauber Jan 1943

Graphic Representation Of Salinity In A Tidal Estuary, Leslie A. Stauber

Journal of Marine Research

In any study of organisms in tidal estuarine areas, such as the oyster and its associates, the salinity of the water is of recognized importance as a factor limiting the distribution and controlling the activity (movement, feeding, spawning) of the various species.

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Chlorophyll-Content Of Marine Plankton, Herbert W. Graham Jan 1943

Chlorophyll-Content Of Marine Plankton, Herbert W. Graham

Journal of Marine Research

With the recent progress of oceanography and the accumulation of data regarding the biological and chemical conditions of ocean water many oceanographers have become interested in correlations which relate to_ organic production ·and chemical cycles in the sea (Redfield, 1934; Seiwell, 1935; Harvey, et al, 1935; Fleming, 1940 ; Riley, 1941b). Since such studies require an accurate knowledge of conditions in the sea it is of prime importance to have some method for measuring the potential synthetic capacity of the sea which can be used in survey work as well as at fixed stations.

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Sigma-T Surfaces In The Atlantic Ocean, R. B. Montgomery, M. J. Pollak Jan 1942

Sigma-T Surfaces In The Atlantic Ocean, R. B. Montgomery, M. J. Pollak

Journal of Marine Research

Wüst (1936) shows the distribution…

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The Bromine-Chlorinity Ratio Of Sea Water, Thomas G. Thompson, Edwin Korpi Jan 1942

The Bromine-Chlorinity Ratio Of Sea Water, Thomas G. Thompson, Edwin Korpi

Journal of Marine Research

Dittmar (3) first showed that a constant ratio apparently exists between the bromides and the total halides in the waters of the several oceans. Some years later Winkler (13) determined the bromine in samples of sea water, and the bromine-chlorinity ratio calculated from his results showed remarkable agreement but were slightly higher than those of Dittmar....

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The Relationship Of Vertical Turbulence And Spring Diatom Flowerings, Gordon A. Riley Jan 1942

The Relationship Of Vertical Turbulence And Spring Diatom Flowerings, Gordon A. Riley

Journal of Marine Research

The causes underlying the initiation of the spring diatom flowering have been a subject of vigorous discussion in recent years. With the gradual accumulation of records it has become quite clear that no one factor controls this peculiar phenomenon. The obvious prerequisite, an abundant supply of nutrient salts in the euphotic zone, is generally satisfi ed during the autumn and early winter, yet a flowering does not in most cases follow immediately....

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On The Energy Exchange Between Sea And Atmosphere, Woodrow C. Jacobs Jan 1942

On The Energy Exchange Between Sea And Atmosphere, Woodrow C. Jacobs

Journal of Marine Research

The present paper is a preliminary report on an investigation of the exchange of heat and water vapor between the sea and atmosphere with particular reference to the regional and seasonal variations in these quantities over the North Atlantic and North Pacific oceans. The mean annual evaporation over the oceans according to latitude ranges can be considered fairly well established (Wüst, 1936; Mosby, 1936; McEwen, 1938), but there has been no extensive investigation of the seasonal and intra-latitudinal variations....

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Results Of Haddock Tagging In The Gulf Of Maine From 1923 To 1932, William C. Schroeder Jan 1942

Results Of Haddock Tagging In The Gulf Of Maine From 1923 To 1932, William C. Schroeder

Journal of Marine Research

In the hope of throwing some light on their migratory habits 10998 haddock were tagged in the Gulf of Maine from 1923 to 1932 by the United States Bureau of Fisheries vessels Halcyon and Albatross II, during the course of cod marking experiments, made between the months of April and October. This paper gives an account of the recaptures reported from these tagged haddock, together with a brief discussion of rate of growth....

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Table For Density Of Sea Water At 0°C. And Atmospheric Pressure For Values Of Chlorinity Between 18.00 And 20.99 According To Knudsen's Formula, R. B. Montgomery, R. B. Sykes Jr. Jan 1941

Table For Density Of Sea Water At 0°C. And Atmospheric Pressure For Values Of Chlorinity Between 18.00 And 20.99 According To Knudsen's Formula, R. B. Montgomery, R. B. Sykes Jr.

Journal of Marine Research

It is customary to express the density of sea water at atmospheric pressure …

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Potentiometric Analysis Of Sea Water I. Determination Of Chlorinity, Lloyd E. West, Rex J. Robinson Jan 1941

Potentiometric Analysis Of Sea Water I. Determination Of Chlorinity, Lloyd E. West, Rex J. Robinson

Journal of Marine Research

In general the determination of chlorinity of sea water is made by the classical Mohr method except when greater accuracy is desired in which case the more accurate but longer Volhard method is used. When the results are utilized for hydrodynamical considerations the Mohr method is normally used because of its speed in the titration of the numerous samples; but to attain the accuracy required in this exacting work, extreme care is demanded with the shaking during titration and in the proper selection of end point.

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Sea Level Difference Between Key West And Miami, Florida, R. B. Montgomery Jan 1941

Sea Level Difference Between Key West And Miami, Florida, R. B. Montgomery

Journal of Marine Research

In a previous paper (Montgomery, 1938, p. 177) it was suggested that fluctuations in the drop in sea level from Key West to Miami might indicate fluctuations in strength of the Florida Current. Both stations are located on the left side of the Straits of Florida, Key West near the entrance and Miami 130 nautical miles down the shore at the most constricted section, where it is supposed that the Florida Current runs swiftest....

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Studies On Marine Bacteria. I. The Cultural Requirements Of Heterotrophic Aerobes, Claude E. Zobell Jan 1941

Studies On Marine Bacteria. I. The Cultural Requirements Of Heterotrophic Aerobes, Claude E. Zobell

Journal of Marine Research

The observations of Issatchenko (1914), Benecke (1933), Waksman (1934), ZoBell (1938) and others have established that bacteria are quite widely distributed in the sea where they probably play an important role influencing chemical, physico-chemical, geological and biological processes. However, due primarily to the widely divergent analytical procedures which have been used by various investigators studying the distribution and activities of marine bacteria, the quantitative results obtained by different workers in different parts of the world are not comparable.

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The Angular Distribution Of Characteristic Diffuse Light In Natural Waters, Lester V. Whitney Jan 1941

The Angular Distribution Of Characteristic Diffuse Light In Natural Waters, Lester V. Whitney

Journal of Marine Research

Several investigators have conducted experiments on the angular distribution of light in natural waters (1, 2). It has been found that the direction of maximum light intensity from the sun moves toward the vertical with increase in depth. It has also been found that light becomes more diffuse but remains highly directional with increase in depth....

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Apparatus For Collecting Water Samples From Different Depths For Bacteriological Analysis, Claude E. Zobell Jan 1941

Apparatus For Collecting Water Samples From Different Depths For Bacteriological Analysis, Claude E. Zobell

Journal of Marine Research

Prerequisite to quantitative studies on the occurrence and importance of bacteria in the sea or other natural waters is a satisfactory device for collecting water samples for bacteriological analysis from any desired depth. Such a device must be easily sterilized, susceptible to aseptic manipulation under the most rigorous field conditions, possible to operate at high hydrostatic pressures and it must be made of biologically inert materials....

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Transport Of The Florida Current Off Habana, R. B. Montgomery Jan 1941

Transport Of The Florida Current Off Habana, R. B. Montgomery

Journal of Marine Research

This report is an analysis of four Atlantis sections across the Florida Current in the locality between Key West and Habana. In particular the volume transport of the current is calculated from the mass distribution observed on these four sections. The assumptions for the calculations are critically discussed, making use of records of sea level at Key West.

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Dissolved Nitrogen In The Sea Water Of The Northeast Pacific With Notes On The Total Carbon Dioxide And The Dissolved Oxygen, Randall E, Hamm, Thomas G. Thompson Jan 1941

Dissolved Nitrogen In The Sea Water Of The Northeast Pacific With Notes On The Total Carbon Dioxide And The Dissolved Oxygen, Randall E, Hamm, Thomas G. Thompson

Journal of Marine Research

This paper deals with a study and discussion of the distribution of dissolved nitrogen in sea water and its relation to the dissolved oxygen and the total carbon dioxide. Previous studies have been made by Buch (1), Knudsen (8, 9), Petterson (11), Jacobsen (7), Hamburg (6), Dittmar (3) and recently by Rakestraw and Emmel (13., 14). Fox (4) published data showing the variation in the concentration of dissolved nitrogen in equilibrium with the nitrogen of the atmosphere at standard pressure for different temperatures and for different concentrations of sea water. Using these data it is possible to calculate the percent …

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Internal Waves In The Gulf Of California, W. H. Munk Jan 1941

Internal Waves In The Gulf Of California, W. H. Munk

Journal of Marine Research

Between February 13 and March 19, 1939 the "E. W. Scripps," research vessel of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography occupied fifty-three oceanographic stations in the Gulf of California. On the basis of observations of temperature and salinity which were taken at every station at a series of depths a chart of the dynamic topography of the surface relative to the 1500-decibar surface was derived, but this chart does not indicate any regular exchange of water between the Gulf and the adjacent part of the Pacific....

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Depth Relationships Of Plankton Diatoms In Sea Water, W. E. Allen Jan 1941

Depth Relationships Of Plankton Diatoms In Sea Water, W. E. Allen

Journal of Marine Research

For more than twenty years I have been directly interested in the space relationships of marine plankton organisms. Not least among the unsolved problems of these relationships is that of the maintenance of residence at appropriate depths by microscopic creatures, e. g., the plankton diatoms....

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Radium Content Of Ocean Bottom Sediments From The Arctic Ocean, Bering Sea, Alaska Peninsula, And The Coasts Of Southern Alaska And Western Canada, L. A. Sanderman, C. L. Utterback Jan 1941

Radium Content Of Ocean Bottom Sediments From The Arctic Ocean, Bering Sea, Alaska Peninsula, And The Coasts Of Southern Alaska And Western Canada, L. A. Sanderman, C. L. Utterback

Journal of Marine Research

The radium content of several surface bottom samples in the region of the San Juan Archipelago and Vancouver Island have been reported previously (15). The present paper deals with the radium content of both surface bottom and core samples taken along the Pacific . coast of Canada and the coast of Alaska, in the Pacific Ocean, Bering Sea and the Arctic Ocean.

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Plankton Production In Relation To Character Of Water In The Open Pacific, Herbert W. Graham Jan 1941

Plankton Production In Relation To Character Of Water In The Open Pacific, Herbert W. Graham

Journal of Marine Research

The dependence of the production of plankton upon an adequate supply of such inorganic salts as phosphates and nitrates in the photic zone is now an established planktological concept (Harvey, 1928; Ekman, 1935; Russell and Yonge, 1936). It is also well known that the photic zone often becomes depleted of such essential mineral substances and that when this occurs any increase in the total production of plankton will depend upon a renewal of these substances from some source....

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Observations On Transparency In The Southwestern Section Of The North Atlantic Ocean, George L. Clarke Jan 1941

Observations On Transparency In The Southwestern Section Of The North Atlantic Ocean, George L. Clarke

Journal of Marine Research

The present measurements were undertaken to extend our knowledge of the transparency of ocean waters to areas to the south of the Bermuda region and to the east of the Caribbean region beyond the limits of earlier investigations ( Oster and Clarke, 1935; Clarke, 1938 and 1939)....

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Notes On Phytoplankton On Georges Bank In 1940, Mary Sears Jan 1941

Notes On Phytoplankton On Georges Bank In 1940, Mary Sears

Journal of Marine Research

In earlier surveys of the phytoplankton of the Gulf of Maine (Bigelow, 1926 ; Gran, 1933; Braarud, 1934, Bigelow, Lillick, and Sears, 1940; Lillick, 1940) relatively few observations were made on Georges Bank, and the data obtained have not been ·sufficient to give an accurate picture of the development of the spring flowering in any part of this important bank region.

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The Determination Of Dissolved Organic Nitrogen In Sea Water, Theodor Von Brand, Norris W. Rakestraw Jan 1941

The Determination Of Dissolved Organic Nitrogen In Sea Water, Theodor Von Brand, Norris W. Rakestraw

Journal of Marine Research

The dissolved organic nitrogen occurring in the sea has so far received the least attention of all the nitrogen-containing fractions. As Krogh (1) has pointed out, it is present in relatively large amounts but is apparently unavailable for use by living organisms. The present investigation was carried out to test the practicability of a more extensive study of the distribution and significance of the dissolved organic N in the sea.

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Marine Chitin-Decomposing Bacteria, Charles W. Hock Jan 1941

Marine Chitin-Decomposing Bacteria, Charles W. Hock

Journal of Marine Research

Chitin is found in various members of the plant and animal kingdoms. It forms the main skeletal material of the lnsecta and Crustacea in the animal kingdom, and is present also in tissues of fungi….

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The Water Masses Off The West Coast Of North America, Richard B. Tibby Jan 1941

The Water Masses Off The West Coast Of North America, Richard B. Tibby

Journal of Marine Research

In reporting the results of the 1937 cruises of the "Bluefin" off southern California, Sverdrup and Fleming (in press) found that within the limited area which they investigated, two primary water masses were present, mixtures of which made up the water at depths between 200 meters and 400 meters in this region, and they developed a convenient method of using temperature-salinity relationships to study the processes of mixing....

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Plankton Studies V. Regional Summary, Gordon A. Riley Jan 1941

Plankton Studies V. Regional Summary, Gordon A. Riley

Journal of Marine Research

Certain aspects of phytoplankton growth which are so generally recognized as to be practically axiomatic are presented graphically in Figure 36. They are explained as follows:…

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The Parachute Net, J. F.G. Wheeler Jan 1941

The Parachute Net, J. F.G. Wheeler

Journal of Marine Research

The novel idea of fishing a large net without a towing line was adapted from the method used by Professor Maurice Ewing of Lehigh University in his work on the sub-sedimentary rocks beneath the sea. The method consists essentially in dragging the apparatus to the bottom by a weight against the upward pull of a float and then releasing the weight....

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