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Buoyancy-Driven Circulation As Horizontal Convection On Β-Plane, Nobuo Suginohara, Shigeaki Aoki Jan 1991

Buoyancy-Driven Circulation As Horizontal Convection On Β-Plane, Nobuo Suginohara, Shigeaki Aoki

Journal of Marine Research

The nature of the steady buoyancy-driven circulation is investigated using multi-level numerical models. An ocean which extends over the northern and southern hemispheres is forced by cooling in a confined region and heating in the rest of the ocean through the sea surface. As is already known, the circulation and associated thermal structure strongly depend upon the effect of the vertical diffusivity. This nature of the buoyancy-driven circulation is found in the thermodynamic balance. The vertical diffusion plays an essential role in the whole ocean domain. In counterbalancing the vertical diffusion, the horizontal advection at the deepest levels and the …

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Seasonal Variations Of Surface Dynamic Topography In The Tropical Atlantic: Observational Uncertainties And Model Testing, Christine Duchène, Claude Frankignoul Jan 1991

Seasonal Variations Of Surface Dynamic Topography In The Tropical Atlantic: Observational Uncertainties And Model Testing, Christine Duchène, Claude Frankignoul

Journal of Marine Research

A new analysis of the historical temperature and salinity profiles in the tropical Atlantic is done in order to estimate quantitatively the uncertainties in the climatological seasonal variations of 0/400 db dynamic topography. The uncertainties are described by an error covariance matrix which takes into account aliasing and measurement errors, the effect of data gaps and interpolation, as well as the uncertainty of the T-S method that was used to calculate the dynamic height. The standard deviation of the monthly means is found to range between 2 and 10 dyn cm, depending on the data density and the level of …

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Direct Measurement Of Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen Exchange And Denitrification In Individual Polychaete (Nereis Virens) Burrows, Erik Kristensen, Mikael Hjorth Jensen, Robert C. Aller Jan 1991

Direct Measurement Of Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen Exchange And Denitrification In Individual Polychaete (Nereis Virens) Burrows, Erik Kristensen, Mikael Hjorth Jensen, Robert C. Aller

Journal of Marine Research

The burrows of macroinfauna are significant sites of sediment-water nitrogen exchange and associated microbial activity. In this study, the exchange of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and nitrogen cycle reaction rates were quantified in individual burrows of the estuarine polychaete Nereis virens. Burrow ventilation rate and DIN (NH4+, NO2−, NO3− and N2O) exchange were determined at 22°C in individual, inhabited burrows with and without the presence of C2H2 (an NH4+ oxidation, N2O reduction block). Ventilation cycles were unaffected by C2H2, …

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Early Diagenesis Of Chlorophyll-A In Long Island Sound Sediments: A Measure Of Carbon Flux And Particle Reworking, Mingyi Sun, Robert C. Aller, Cindy Lee Jan 1991

Early Diagenesis Of Chlorophyll-A In Long Island Sound Sediments: A Measure Of Carbon Flux And Particle Reworking, Mingyi Sun, Robert C. Aller, Cindy Lee

Journal of Marine Research

Sedimentary chlorophyll distributions reflect supply from primary production in overlying waters, transport during sedimentation/bioturbation, and alteration due to decomposition/transformation reactions. In Long Island Sound sediments, seasonal depth profiles of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) often decreased exponentially within a few centimeters of the sediment-water interface, implying that initial decomposition rates of Chl-a were faster than surface sediment mixing rates. The highest surface sediment concentrations of Chl-a occurred in early spring, shortly after the spring bloom; the lowest concentrations occurred in summer. Chl-a was more concentrated at the shallow station (∼15 m) than at the deeper station (∼40 …

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Bubbles And The Air-Sea Exchange Of Gases In Near-Saturation Conditions, David K. Woolf, S. A. Thorpe Jan 1991

Bubbles And The Air-Sea Exchange Of Gases In Near-Saturation Conditions, David K. Woolf, S. A. Thorpe

Journal of Marine Research

The net air-sea transfer of gases is not simply proportional to the surface gradient of gas concentration as is widely assumed but, when proper account of bubbles is taken, is asymmetrical with a net invasion of gas at 100% saturation. The nitrogen and oxygen saturation levels and the variation of the composition of a bubble during its lifetime affect the transfer of all gases. The net transfer of gases is not a function of the size and depth of the bubbles and the concentration of dissolved gases alone, but is dependent on the composition of the bubbles and thus the …

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Time Scales Of Mesoscale Variability And Their Relationship With Space Scales In The North Atlantic, P. Y. Le Traon Jan 1991

Time Scales Of Mesoscale Variability And Their Relationship With Space Scales In The North Atlantic, P. Y. Le Traon

Journal of Marine Research

A systematic study of characteristic time scales of mesoscale variability over the North Atlantic was done using two years of Geosat data. Time scales are first characterized by 10° latitude by 10° longitude bins. A more detailed description was obtained by globally mapping the Sea Level Anomaly temporal correlation after one cycle (17.05 days). The scales are shortest in areas of high mesoscale activity (Gulf Stream, North Atlantic Current) while relatively long time scales are observed over the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and in the eastern part of the basin. In general, time scales are not proportional to space scales. Propagation velocities …

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Oxic And Anoxic Decomposition Of Tubes From The Burrowing Sea Anemone Ceriantheopsis Americanus: Implications For Bulk Sediment Carbon And Nitrogen Balance, Erik Kristensen, Robert C. Aller, Josephine Y. Aller Jan 1991

Oxic And Anoxic Decomposition Of Tubes From The Burrowing Sea Anemone Ceriantheopsis Americanus: Implications For Bulk Sediment Carbon And Nitrogen Balance, Erik Kristensen, Robert C. Aller, Josephine Y. Aller

Journal of Marine Research

Many marine infaunal animals form organic tube and burrow linings. The role of these materials in organic matter cycling and preservation in sediments is largely unknown. In the case examined here, the infaunal sea anemone, Ceriantheopsis americanus, (a common component of bottom communities along the east coast of North America) forms a leathery, fibrous tube lining 2–3 mm thick, ∼1 cm in diameter, and typically extending 20–30 cm into deposits. Tube fibers (∼2 mm long, 2–5 μm thick) formed from discharged specialized nematocyst cells, ptychocysts, are composed of a silk-like protein copolymer, cerianthin. Tubes incubated under oxic and anoxic conditions …

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Conservative Tracer Study Of Horizontal Sediment Mixing Rates In A Bathyal Basin, California Borderland, Robert A. Wheatcroft Jan 1991

Conservative Tracer Study Of Horizontal Sediment Mixing Rates In A Bathyal Basin, California Borderland, Robert A. Wheatcroft

Journal of Marine Research

In situ tracer (50–125 μm plastic particles) experiments conducted using the DSV Alvin over a two year period in the 1240 m deep Santa Catalina Basin (eastern Pacific) have yielded near-surface (0–1.5 cm) horizontal bioturbation rates of order 1–10 cm2yr–1. Vertical biodiffusivities obtained from the same and similar particulate tracers at the same site are approximately an order of magnitude less. Mixing of near-surface, coarse sediment in Santa Catalina Basin is anisotropic. Deeper within the sediment horizontal bioturbation is not diffusive on a two-year time scale, but would appear to be a form of mixing termed …

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Sources And Transport Of Suspended Calcites In Pacific Deep Water, J. C. Brun-Cottan, R. Auger, C. E. Lambert, R. Chesselet Jan 1991

Sources And Transport Of Suspended Calcites In Pacific Deep Water, J. C. Brun-Cottan, R. Auger, C. E. Lambert, R. Chesselet

Journal of Marine Research

Significantly large concentrations of suspended matter, especially calcites, are found at some locations in the Deep Pacific, particularly at the depth of the Pacific Benthic Thermocline. These particle-rich layers cannot be explained by simple classical settling processes nor by resuspension of the underlying sediment. A theoretical approach based on these data, on the hydrodynamic characteristics of the regional circulation and on some known physical and chemical parameters, leads us to postulate two possible mechanisms: the settling of large particles from surface waters and their preferential disaggregation at some specific depth, particularly at the Pacific Benthic Thermocline depth; or alternatively, the …

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Generation And Propagation Of Inertial Waves In The Subtropical Front, Dong-Ping Wang Jan 1991

Generation And Propagation Of Inertial Waves In The Subtropical Front, Dong-Ping Wang

Journal of Marine Research

A primitive-equation numerical model is used to examine the generation and propagation of internal-inertial waves in the Subtropical Front. The mesoscale variability in surface inertial currents is induced by radiation of internal-inertial waves out of the surface layer. On the warm side of the front, surface inertial energy is carried away by normal internal-inertial waves. A deep inertial energy maximum exists at the base of the thermocline where the effective local inertial frequency approaches the planetary inertial frequency. On the cold side of the front, the surface inertial energy is carried away by anomalously low frequency internal waves. A subsurface …

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Modeling Of Internal Tides In Fjords, V. Tverberg, B. Cushman-Roisin, H. Svendsen Jan 1991

Modeling Of Internal Tides In Fjords, V. Tverberg, B. Cushman-Roisin, H. Svendsen

Journal of Marine Research

A previous model for the distribution of internal tides above irregular topography is generalized to include arbitrary stratification and a radiation condition at the open boundary. Thanks to a small amount of dissipation, this model remains valid in the presence of resonant internal tides, leading to intense wave-energy beams. An application to a Norwegian fjord correctly reproduces the observed energy pattern consisting of two beams both originating at the 60-meter deep entrance sill and extending in-fjord, one upward toward the surface, the other downward toward the bottom. After correction for the varying width of the fjord, the observed and modelled …

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Modeling The Variability Of The Somali Current, D. L. T. Anderson, D. J. Carrington, R. Corry, C. Gordon Jan 1991

Modeling The Variability Of The Somali Current, D. L. T. Anderson, D. J. Carrington, R. Corry, C. Gordon

Journal of Marine Research

The dynamics of the Somali Current system during the southwest Monsoon are investigated using a 16 level general circulation model. Solutions are found for a number of model geometries and wind-forcing patterns. The first integrations reported use a model domain exactly equivalent to that of the layer model of McCreary and Kundu allowing a direct comparison between the level and layer models. In the second set of integrations a more realistic Indian Ocean geometry is used, but still with an idealized wind forcing, while in the third, the Hellerman and Rosenstein wind stresses are used to simulate the seasonal cycle. …

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On The Structure And Stability Of The Alaskan Stream, R. K. Reed, F. I. Gonzalez, L. Miller Jan 1991

On The Structure And Stability Of The Alaskan Stream, R. K. Reed, F. I. Gonzalez, L. Miller

Journal of Marine Research

Data from a year-long current mooring in the central region of the Alaskan Stream revealed an extremely stable flow unlike that in typical western boundary currents. Hydrographic and ADCP data also showed a simple flow free of excursions or eddies. These findings are in good agreement with a recent analytical model of the Stream. In addition, GEOSAT altimeter estimates of variability are consistent with the observations, suggesting that the results are valid in spite of the relatively large corrections applied at these high latitudes.

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Control Of Deep-Sea Benthic Community Structure By Oxygen And Organic-Matter Gradients In The Eastern Pacific Ocean, Lisa A. Levin, Cynthia L. Huggett, Karen F. Wishner Jan 1991

Control Of Deep-Sea Benthic Community Structure By Oxygen And Organic-Matter Gradients In The Eastern Pacific Ocean, Lisa A. Levin, Cynthia L. Huggett, Karen F. Wishner

Journal of Marine Research

At boundaries of oxygen minimum zones (OMZs), bathyal faunas experience steep gradients in oxygen and organic-matter availability. The present study compares changes in microbial, meiofaunal, macrofaunal and megafaunal benthic assemblages along these gradients on Volcano 7, a 2.3-km high seamount in the eastern tropical Pacific. Faunal tolerance to dysaerobic (low oxygen) conditions varies with organism size; microbial and meiofaunal abundances are less affected than macro- and megafaunal abundances. At the exceedingly low concentrations (<0.1 ml/l) encountered on the upper summit of Volcano 7, oxygen appears to exert primary control over abundance, composition and diversity of macrofauna, overriding other factors such as food availability and sediment grain size. When oxygen concentration is sufficient, food availability in sediments (indicated by the presence of labile material such as chlorophyll a) is highly correlated with meiofaunal and macrofaunal abundance. Four distinct physical zones were identified on Volcano 7: (1) the coarse-grained upper summit zone (730–770 …

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The Climatological Seasonal Circulation Of The Mediterranean Sea, Eli Tziperman, Paola Malanotte-Rizzoli Jan 1991

The Climatological Seasonal Circulation Of The Mediterranean Sea, Eli Tziperman, Paola Malanotte-Rizzoli

Journal of Marine Research

The horizontal circulation of the upper 800 m of the Mediterranean Sea is calculated from a seasonal climatological hydrographic data set using a simple inverse model. The results show a fairly steady surface circulation in the western Mediterranean and a somewhat stronger seasonal signal in the surface circulation of the eastern Mediterranean. The deep flow field can be calculated for most of the Mediterranean, except for the Levantine basin east of Crete, where the high noise level in the data masks the deep circulation. The calculated deep velocity field (below 500 m) shows some interesting features, including several steady cyclonic …

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A Carbon Budget For A Eutrophic Marine Ecosystem And The Role Of Sulfur Metabolism In Sedimentary Carbon, Oxygen And Energy Dynamics, P. Sampou, C. A. Oviatt Jan 1991

A Carbon Budget For A Eutrophic Marine Ecosystem And The Role Of Sulfur Metabolism In Sedimentary Carbon, Oxygen And Energy Dynamics, P. Sampou, C. A. Oviatt

Journal of Marine Research

Organic carbon was budgeted for an experimental marine ecosystem which received 21.2 mol C m–2 of allochthonous sewage sludge plus 12.4 mol C m–2 in situ net daytime production over a 99 day experiment. The fate of carbon, in order of importance, was remineralization, storage in the sediments and export. Sediment carbon metabolism was dominated by sulfate reduction which resulted in the dissociation of organic carbon remineralization from oxygen consumption and energy cycling. The sediments were inefficient in processing sedimented carbon and its associated chemical energy. About 70% of the energy reaching the sediments as organic carbon remained …

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Expatriation Of Xyrichtys Novacula (Pisces: Labridae) Larvae: Evidence Of Rapid Cross-Slope Exchange, Jonathan A. Hare, Robert K. Cowen Jan 1991

Expatriation Of Xyrichtys Novacula (Pisces: Labridae) Larvae: Evidence Of Rapid Cross-Slope Exchange, Jonathan A. Hare, Robert K. Cowen

Journal of Marine Research

Larvae of Xyrichtys novacula (Pisces: Labridae) have been collected in the Middle Atlantic Bight (MAB) hundreds of kilometers north of reported adult ranges by both the Marine Monitoring and Assessment Program (MARMAP) and by our ichthyoplankton cruises. These larvae could be from a previously unknown population north of Cape Hatteras or they could have been transported north from southern populations. In order to examine these two hypotheses both biological and physical oceanographic data were considered, including size-specific larval distribution, larval age, vertical distribution of larvae, satellite imagery of sea surface temperature, and temperature and salinity measurements. Larvae captured during our …

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The Kinetics Of Organic Matter Mineralization In Anoxic Marine Sediments, David J. Burdige Jan 1991

The Kinetics Of Organic Matter Mineralization In Anoxic Marine Sediments, David J. Burdige

Journal of Marine Research

The kinetics of sulfate reduction and inorganic nutrient production (ΣCO2, ammonium, and phosphate) were examined in the sediments at five sites in the southern Chesapeake Bay, using long term (> 200 d) sediment decomposition experiments. Average first order rate constants for these processes (at 25°C) decreased from 8.2 to 3.7 yr–1 in the surface sediments (0–2 cm), to 2.1 to 0.2 yr–1 at 12–14 cm. The C/N and C/P ratios of the organic matter undergoing decomposition also increased with depth at these sites. Taken together, these results indicate that the reactivity of the organic matter undergoing …

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Laminar Separation Of Colliding Western Boundary Currents, Paola Cessi Jan 1991

Laminar Separation Of Colliding Western Boundary Currents, Paola Cessi

Journal of Marine Research

A barotropic model is employed to study the dynamics of colliding jets along a western boundary. To isolate the processes at the western wall we use a regional model where two opposing jets are induced by prescribing narrow inflows at the northern and southern edges of the computational domain. The fluid is withdrawn from the domain on the eastern side.

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Arrested Fronts, William K. Dewar Jan 1991

Arrested Fronts, William K. Dewar

Journal of Marine Research

A theory of fronts within the general circulation is discussed. These fronts and their associated jets differ from the more classical picture of boundary jets and their extensions (an example being the Gulf Stream system) in that they occur in the interior of the general circulation. The mechanism at the heart of the frontogenesis is nonlinear beta steepening, which arises from geostrophy in the presence of continuity. Such dynamics have been used in the past in a study of planetary shock waves. It is here argued that these dynamics result in stationary shock fronts in the general circulation. An equation …

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Tidal Stirring And Phytoplankton Bloom Dynamics In An Estuary, James E. Cloern Jan 1991

Tidal Stirring And Phytoplankton Bloom Dynamics In An Estuary, James E. Cloern

Journal of Marine Research

A decade of observation in South San Francisco Bay demonstrates that estuarine phytoplankton biomass fluctuates at the time scale of days to weeks, and that much of this variability is associated with fluctuations in tidal energy. During the spring seasons of every year from 1980–1990, episodic blooms occurred in which phytoplankton biomass rose from a baseline of 2–4 mg chlorophyll a m–3, peaked at 20–40 mg chlorophyll a m–3, and then returned to baseline values, all within several weeks. Each episode of biomass increase occurred during neap tides, and each bloom decline coincided with spring tides. …

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The Effect Of East River On The Barotropic Motions In Long Island Sound, Kuo-Chuin Wong Jan 1991

The Effect Of East River On The Barotropic Motions In Long Island Sound, Kuo-Chuin Wong

Journal of Marine Research

A linearized, frequency-dependent analytical model is developed to examine the effect of East River on the barotropic motions in Long Island Sound. At tidal frequencies, East River creates a slightly imperfect reflecting wall at the western end of Long Island Sound, resulting in moderate reduction in the resonance of the M2 tide. At subtidal frequencies the presence of East River permits a significant amount of volume exchange through the western end of Long Island Sound, causing large scale adjustments in both the amplitude and the phase of the barotropic flow well into the interior of the Sound. It appears …

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A Subsurface Cyclonic Eddy In The Bay Of Bengal, M. T. Babu, Prasanna Kumar, D. P. Rao Jan 1991

A Subsurface Cyclonic Eddy In The Bay Of Bengal, M. T. Babu, Prasanna Kumar, D. P. Rao

Journal of Marine Research

CTD data collected from the northwestern Bay of Bengal during late July 1984 reveal the existence of a cold core subsurface eddy centered at 17°40'N and 85°19'E. The thermal structure observed across the eddy indicates that it was confined to a level well below the mixed layer, between 50 and 300 db, and that it had a diameter of about 200 km. A temperature drop of 4–5°C as compared with the surroundings was observed at the center of the eddy. A plausible mechanism for the eddy generation is baroclinic instability at the interface of two opposing boundary currents present along …

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The Influence Of A Changing Bacterial Community On Trace Metal Scavenging In A Deep-Sea Particle Plume, James P. Cowen, Yuan Hui Lui Jan 1991

The Influence Of A Changing Bacterial Community On Trace Metal Scavenging In A Deep-Sea Particle Plume, James P. Cowen, Yuan Hui Lui

Journal of Marine Research

An extensive set of particle samples was collected from the extended (nonbuoyant) hydrothermal plume, the distal remnant plume, and the adjacent waters in a transect across the Southern Juan de Fuca Ridge. Bacterial capsules comprised the primary species of particulate Mn. However, the data also showed significant shifts in the relative abundance of distinctive subpopulations of this bacterial community, as expressed by several consistently recurring capsule morphologies. The data are discussed with respect to distance from plume origins (relative plume age), total bacterial numbers, experimentally determined scavenging rate constants and total particulate and dissolved Mn. The relative distribution of one …

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Diel Migration And Feeding Patterns Of The Chaetognath, Sagitta Friderici, Off The West Coast Of South Africa, Venetia Stuart, Hans M. Verheye Jan 1991

Diel Migration And Feeding Patterns Of The Chaetognath, Sagitta Friderici, Off The West Coast Of South Africa, Venetia Stuart, Hans M. Verheye

Journal of Marine Research

The vertical distribution patterns of adult and juvenile Sagitta friderici were investigated over a 48 h period, using samples collected at different depth strata with an RMT 1 × 6 net. Juvenile chaetognaths were generally found at depths of less than 50 m throughout the day and night, and exhibited limited diel migration patterns. Adults, on the other hand, migrated more extensively and were generally found below 50 m during the day and scattered throughout the water column or near the surface at night. Using the mean depths at each sampling time, the migration patterns of adult chaetognaths closely followed …

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Nonlinear General Circulation Of An Ocean Model Driven By Wind With A Stochastic Component, Annalisa Griffa, Sergio Castellari Jan 1991

Nonlinear General Circulation Of An Ocean Model Driven By Wind With A Stochastic Component, Annalisa Griffa, Sergio Castellari

Journal of Marine Research

The effects of the stochastic component of the large-scale wind on the climatological mean of the nonlinear ocean circulation are studied, using a set of numerical solutions for the single-layer, quasi-geostrophic equation in a closed basin with a flat bottom. In the absence of a steady wind, the purely stochastic wind is found to drive the solutions toward a nonlinear mean flow similar to that of the free system (i.e. without forcing and dissipation). This equilibrium mean flow (Fofonoff flow), is predicted by statistical mechanics and is characterized by a westward interior closed by inertial boundary layers along the coast. …

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Micropatchiness, Turbulence And Recruitment In Plankton, Cabell S. Davis, Glenn R. Flierl, P. H. Wiebe, P. J. S. Franks Jan 1991

Micropatchiness, Turbulence And Recruitment In Plankton, Cabell S. Davis, Glenn R. Flierl, P. H. Wiebe, P. J. S. Franks

Journal of Marine Research

A series of models are presented which examine the relative importance of microscale patchiness and turbulence to growth and recruitment in planktonic consumers. The analyses apply over scales from centimeters to meters (e.g. from copepods to fish larvae), and we assume food-limited conditions, since, otherwise, patchiness would not affect growth. A model of individual growth response to fluctuating food is developed which shows that growth is approximately exponential and is linearly related to food concentration. A random walk model reveals that the swimming process can be approximated as a simple diffusion term which, when included in the exponential growth model, …

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Similarity Solutions Of The Thermocline Equations, Rick Salmon, Rainer Hollerbach Jan 1991

Similarity Solutions Of The Thermocline Equations, Rick Salmon, Rainer Hollerbach

Journal of Marine Research

We apply symmetry group methods to find the group of transformations of the dependent and independent variables that leave the thermocline equations unchanged, These transformations lead to an optimal subset of sixteen forms of similarity solution, Each form obeys an equation with one fewer dependent variable than the original thermocline equations. Previously obtained similarity solutions, which are based solely upon scaling symmetries, are special cases of just three of these forms. Two of the sixteen forms lead to linear, two-dimensional, advection-diffusion equations for the temperature, Bernoulli functional or potential vorticity. Simple exact solutions contain "internal boundary layers" that resemble the …

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The Effects Of Flow Disturbance By An Oceanic Island, Karen J. Heywood, Eric D. Barton, John H. Simpson Jan 1990

The Effects Of Flow Disturbance By An Oceanic Island, Karen J. Heywood, Eric D. Barton, John H. Simpson

Journal of Marine Research

We present CTD and ADCP surveys around the Indian Ocean coral atolls of Aldabra (46°20′E, 9°25′S) and Cosmoledo (47°30E, 9°45′S) during April–July 1987. These isolated, steep-sided islands situated in deep (4000 m) water in the South Equatorial Current provide examples of flow disturbance which are compared to laboratory studies of eddy generation by a circular cylinder in a channel. For sufficiently strong and steady flows, a doming of the isopycnals is observed in the lee of the islands. The sea-surface temperature decreases and the salinity increases as cool, saline water is mixed from below. Just as in the case of …

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Δ14c Balance For The Gulf Of Maine, Long Island Sound And The Northern Middle Atlantic Bight: Evidence For The Extent Of The Antarctic Intermediate Water Contribution, N. Tanaka, M. C. Monaghan, K. K. Turekian Jan 1990

Δ14c Balance For The Gulf Of Maine, Long Island Sound And The Northern Middle Atlantic Bight: Evidence For The Extent Of The Antarctic Intermediate Water Contribution, N. Tanaka, M. C. Monaghan, K. K. Turekian

Journal of Marine Research

The radiocarbon signatures of the western Sargasso Sea and the atmosphere as a function of time over the past 200 years are known. These can be combined with seawater dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) radiocarbon data from the Gulf of Maine and the northern Middle Atlantic Bight (MAB), including Long Island Sound (LIS), for 1983 and pre-1955 shell analyses for radiocarbon, to set the amount of Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) required to balance the 14C budget in the northern MAB. Approximately 40% of the water entering the Middle Atlantic Bight from the north must be AAIW, the other 60% being …

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