Digital Commons Network^™

Partisan Rhetoric And Polarization: The Year In C-Span Archives Research, Volume 10

The Year in C-SPAN Archives Research

Partisan Rhetoric and Polarization: The Year in C-SPAN Archives Research, Volume 10 features chapters written from a variety of perspectives that address divisions in American politics. The topics range widely, including TikTok, abortion, the middle class, the January 6 riot, and partisan rhetoric in Congress. The unifying theme of the volume is that each author uses C-SPAN videos to examine how members of Congress and other elites speak and act on these issues. Two other thoughtful pieces examine Supreme Court justices speaking off the bench and emotional reactions in presidential debates. Partisan Rhetoric and Polarization provides context to understand how …

Exploring Generational And Vicarious Trauma In The Haitian Diaspora Of America: A Phenomenological Inquiry, Lourna Charles-Thelusca

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this hermeneutic phenomenological qualitative study is to understand the generational and vicarious trauma experiences of first-generation Haitians living in the diaspora in the United States (U.S.) and to gain insight into how trauma affects their lives. To achieve an advanced understanding of this population, this study explores the factors contributing to participants' trauma experiences focusing on coping strategies and interpersonal impacts. Haitians, as the first enslaved people to liberate themselves from their European colonizers, have built a rich history marked by overcoming adversity and resilience. Historically, the ongoing cycle of trauma stemming from Haiti's persistent challenges, including …

Allostatic Load, Educational Attainment, And Risk Of Cancer Mortality Among Us Men, Cynthia Li, Sydney P Howard, Charles R Rogers, Sydney Andrzejak, Keon L Gilbert, Keith J Watts, Malcolm S Bevel, Myles D Moody, Marvin E Langston, Judah V Doty, Adetunji T Toriola, Darwin Conwell, Justin X Moore

2020-Current year OA Pubs

IMPORTANCE: Health disparities among racial and ethnic minoritized populations, particularly for cancer mortality rates, remain a major public health concern. Men from underrepresented backgrounds (Black and Hispanic men, specifically) face the pervasive effects of discrimination in their daily lives, which also contribute to the complex associations among allostatic load (a marker of chronic stress), educational opportunities, and elevated risks of cancer mortality.

OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the associations among educational attainment, allostatic load, and cancer mortality risk among men.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This is a retrospective cohort analysis of data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a nationally …

Comparative Analysis Of Indices For Social Determinants Of Health In Pediatric Surgical Populations, Caroline Q Stephens, Ava Yap, Lan Vu, Jacqueline M Saito, Dwight Barry, Amy M Shui, Hannah Cockrell, Sarah Cairo, Derek Wakeman, Loren Berman, Sarah Greenberg, Allison F Linden, Jonathan Kohler, Kuojen Tsao, Nicole A Wilson

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Importance: Conclusions vary substantially among studies examining associations between area-based social determinants of health (SDOH) and pediatric health disparities based on the selected patient population and SDOH index. Most national studies use zip codes, which encompass a wide distribution of communities, limiting the generalizability of findings.

Objectives: To characterize the distributions of composite SDOH indices for pediatric surgical patients within a national sample of academic children's hospitals and to assess SDOH index precision in classifying patients at similar levels of disadvantage.

Design, setting, and participants: This multicenter retrospective cohort study included patients younger than 18 years who underwent surgery from …

Whole-Of-School Physical Activity Promotion: Findings From Elementary Schools In The United States, Derek W Craig, Christopher D Pfledderer, Natalia I Heredia, Kevin Lanza, Kempson Onadeko, Andjelka Pavlovic, Jizyah Injil, Laura F Defina, Timothy J Walker

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

INTRODUCTION: Schools can support students' participation in physical activity by offering opportunities consistent with a Whole-of-School (WOS) approach; however, the extent to which physical activity opportunities are provided and how school-level characteristics associate with their use remains unclear. This study examined how elementary schools' use a WOS approach to promote physical activity, as well as associations between school-level characteristics and physical activity opportunities provided.

METHODS: Survey data was collected from 162 elementary schools participating in the NFL PLAY 60 FitnessGram Project during the 2022-2023 school year. A WOS index (ranging from 0 to 12) was created from responses by school …

A Qualitative Exploration Of Barriers, Facilitators And Best Practices For Implementing Environmental Sustainability Standards And Reducing Food Waste In Veterans Affairs Hospitals, Bethany D Williams, Stephanie Jilcott Pitts, Stephen J Onufrak, Emma Sirois, Anne Utech, Michelle Wood, Jessi Silverman, Funke Ajenikoko, Meghan Murphy, Amy Lowry Warnock

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: To improve the healthfulness of foods offered while accelerating the use of environmental sustainability practices, it is important to engage hospital food service operators in the adoption of such practices. The purpose of this study was to explore barriers, facilitators and best practices for implementing environmental sustainability standards in food service among veterans affairs (VA) hospitals in the United States.

METHODS: We conducted an online survey with 14 VA hospital food service directors and then 11 qualitative interviews. The survey assessed motivations for initiating sustainability standards and included a self-rating of implementation for each of five standards: increasing plant-forward …

Increasing Access To Behavioral Health Care: Examples Of Task Shifting In Two Us Government Health Care Systems, Kathryn E Kanzler, Mark E Kunik, Chase A Aycock

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Introduction: Addressing U.S. health disparities in behavioral health care requires innovative solutions to expand access beyond the traditional specialty behavioral health (BH) service model. One evidence-based strategy to increase access is task shifting, whereby tasks usually reserved for licensed clinicians are delegated to less specialized but uniquely capable health workers. Health care systems in the United States have been slow to adopt this approach, despite the widespread success of task shifting in other countries. However, two large government health care systems have employed unique task-shifting models for decades, integrating nonclinician health workers into BH settings: the Defense Health Agency (behavioral …

Implementation Of Delirium Screening In The Emergency Department: A Qualitative Study With Early Adopters, Anita N Chary, Annika R Bhananker, Elise Brickhouse, Beatrice Torres, Ilianna Santangelo, Kyler M Godwin, Aanand D Naik, Christopher R Carpenter, Shan W Liu, Maura Kennedy

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Introduction: Delirium affects 15% of older adults presenting to emergency departments (EDs) but is detected in only one-third of cases. Evidence-based guidelines for ED delirium screening exist, but are underutilized. Frontline staff perceptions about delirium and time and resource constraints are known barriers to ED delirium screening uptake. Early adopters of ED delirium screening can offer valuable lessons about successful implementation.

Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews with clinician-administrators leading ED delirium screening initiatives from 20 EDs in the United States and Canada. Interviews focused on experiences of planning and implementing ED delirium screening. Interviews lasted 15 to 50 minutes and …

Association Of Left Atrial Function With Frailty: The Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities (Aric) Study, Daokun Sun, Romil R Parikh, Wendy Wang, Anne Eaton, Pamela L Lutsey, B Gwen Windham, Riccardo M Inciardi, Scott D Solomon, Christie M Ballantyne, Amil M Shah, Lin Yee Chen

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Frailty is common in people with cardiovascular disease. Worse left atrial (LA) function is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, whether worse LA function is associated with frailty is unclear.

Methods: We included 3292 older adults from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study who were non-frail at baseline (visit 5, 2011-2013) and had LA function (reservoir, conduit, and contractile strain) measured from two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography. LA stiffness index was calculated as a ratio of E/e' to LA reservoir strain. Frailty was defined using the validated Fried frailty phenotype. Incident frailty was assessed between 2016 and 2019 during …

Healthcare Disparities, Screening, And Molecular Testing In The Changing Landscape Of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer In The United States: A Review, Razelle Kurzrock, Aadel A Chaudhuri, David Feller-Kopman, Narjust Florez, Jed Gorden, Ignacio I Wistuba

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Inequitable access to care continues to hinder improvements in diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer. This review describes healthcare disparities in the changing landscape of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the United States, focusing on racial, ethnic, sex-based, and socioeconomic trends. Furthermore, strategies to address disparities, overcome challenges, and improve patient outcomes are proposed. Barriers exist across lung cancer screening, diagnosis, and treatment regimens, varying by sex, age, race and ethnicity, geography, and socioeconomic status. Incidence and mortality rates of lung cancer are higher among Black men than White men, and incidences in young women are substantially greater than …

Motivations For And Against Participation In Neonatal Research: Insights From Interviews Of Diverse Parents Approached For Neonatal Research In The United States, Elliott Mark Weiss, Pamela K Donohue, Susan H Wootton, Emily Stevens, Stephanie L Merhar, Mihai Puia-Dumitrescu, Amanda Mercer, Ellie Oslin, Kathryn M Porter, Benjamin S Wilfond

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Objective: To describe parents' motivations for and against participation in neonatal research, including the views of those who declined participation.

Study design: We performed 44 semi-structured, qualitative interviews of parents approached for neonatal research. Here we describe their motivations for and against participation.

Results: Altruism was an important reason parents chose to participate. Some hoped participation in research would benefit their infant. Burdens of participation to the family, such as transportation to follow up (distinct from risks/burdens to the infant), were often deciding factors among those who declined participation. Perceived risks to the infant were reasons against participation, but parents …

Development And Evaluation Of A Training Curriculum To Engage Researchers On Accessing And Analyzing The All Of Us Data, Julie R Coleman, Jasmine N Baker, Shamika Ketkar, Ashley M Butler, Laterrica Williams, Latanya Hammonds-Odie, Elizabeth G Atkinson, Debra D Murray, Brendan Lee, Kim C Worley

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

OBJECTIVE: The All of Us Evenings with Genetics (EwG) Research Program at Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), funded to engage research scholars to work with the All of Us data, developed a training curriculum for the Researcher Workbench, the platform to access and analyze All of Us data. All of Us EwG developed the curriculum so that it could teach scholars regardless of their skills and background in programming languages and cloud computing. All of Us EwG delivered this curriculum at the first annual All of Us EwG Faculty Summit in May 2022. The curriculum was evaluated both during and …

Re-Examining Fries-Britt’S Learning Race In A U.S. Context Emergent Framework Drawing On The Micro-Level Narratives Of International Students In The Us, Mianmian Fei

Journal of Comparative & International Higher Education

No abstract provided.

The Philippines’ Security In The Face Of China's Rising Threats, Shang-Su Wu

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

This article contends that the United States has insufficiently acknowledged the extent of the Philippines’ vulnerability and its importance in preserving the balance of power. While many scholars have focused on Taiwan’s strategic importance, few have considered the state of the Philippines’ military capabilities in maintaining the region’s status quo. This article traces the modern history of the Philippines’ military and defense capabilities and examines the current state of the country’s defenses and the likely outcomes of different military scenarios. It concludes by providing practical recommendations on how the United States can help the Philippines within the constraints of its …

Parameters Winter 2024-25, Usawc Press

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

Welcome to the Winter 2024–25 issue of Parameters. This issue consists of an In Focus special commentary, three forums (Indo-Pacific, Security Cooperation, and Historical Studies), and the regular Civil-Military Relations Corner installment.

Jaha At Scientific Sessions 2023: Moving Toward Social Justice In Cardiovascular Health In The United States, Carissa M. Baker-Smith, Salina P. Waddy, Sara Hassani, Mahasin Mujahid, Tochi Okwuosa, Emmanuel Peprah, Bernadette Boden-Albala

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

Attention to social justice is essential to improving cardiovascular health outcomes. In the absence of social justice, equitable cardiovascular health is impossible. This viewpoint provides a brief synopsis of the 2023 Journal of the American Heart Association (JAHA)–sponsored session titled “Moving Towards Social Justice in Cardiovascular Health.” We define social justice and summarize the burden of cardiovascular disease inequity in the United States. We also highlight strategies for achieving social justice, including addressing workforce diversity, integrating social determinants into cardiovascular research, designing cardiovascular interventions to close the equity gap, and improving inclusivity in cardiovascular disease trials.

Racial And Ethnic Disparities In Perceived Health Status Among Patients With Cardiovascular Disease, Marjan Zakeri, Lincy S Lal, Susan M Abughosh, Shubhada Sansgiry, E James Essien, Sujit S Sansgiry

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Introduction: Understanding health outcomes among people with cardiovascular disease (CVD) is crucial for improving treatment strategies and patient quality of life. This study investigated racial and ethnic disparities in perceived health status among non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic White adults with CVD.

Methods: The study had a retrospective cross-sectional design and used data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey spanning 8 calendar years (2014-2021). The study population consisted of adults diagnosed with various CVDs. We used ordinal logistic regression models adjusted for demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, CVD severity, comorbidities, and health care expenditures to assess racial and ethnic differences in …

Safety Of Inpatient Care In Surgical Settings: Cohort Study, Antoine Duclos, Michelle L Frits, Christine Iannaccone, Stuart R Lipsitz, Zara Cooper, Joel S Weissman, David W Bates

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Objectives: To estimate the frequency, severity, and preventability of adverse events associated with perioperative care, and to describe the setting and professions concerned.

Design: Multicenter retrospective cohort study.

Setting: 11 US hospitals.

Participants: 1009 patients from a randomly selected sample of 64 121 adults admitted for surgery during 2018.

Main outcome measures: Adverse events during inpatient perioperative care were assessed using a trigger method, identifying information previously associated with similar events, and from a comprehensive review of electronic health records. Trained nurses reviewed all records and flagged admissions with possible adverse events, which were then adjudicated by physicians, who confirmed …

Associations Between Dietary Patterns And Quality Of Life In A Longitudinal Cohort Of Colorectal Cancer Survivors, Kristen S Smith, Adetunji T Toriola, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

PURPOSE: To characterize dietary patterns and examine associations with cross-sectional and longitudinal changes in quality of life (QOL) over approximately one year after colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosis.

METHODS: The ColoCare Study is an international, multi-center, prospective cohort study of newly diagnosed CRC survivors of any stage. A subset of participants with CRC in the United States completed patient-reported outcome measures at 6- and 12-months post-enrollment, including the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30). Dietary patterns at 6 months (around the time of treatment completion) were identified …

State Divorce Laws, Reproductive Care Policies, And Pregnancy-Associated Homicide Rates, 2018-2021, Kaitlin M. Boyle, Wendy Regoeczi, Chase B. Meyer

Faculty Publications

Importance: Barriers to divorce and reproductive health care can threaten the health and safety of pregnant and recently pregnant females.

Objective: To examine state laws about divorce, reproductive health care (access to contraception, family planning services, and abortion), and pregnancy-associated homicide rates in US states over a 4-year period (2018-2021).

Design, Setting, and Participants: In this cross-sectional study, bivariate tests and regressions were used to analyze crude rates of pregnancy-associated homicide from the National Violent Death Reporting System in 181 state-years for calendar years 2018 to 2021, with analyses conducted on September 8, 2024.

Exposures: Access to divorce while pregnant …

Using Academic Librarians And The Academic Library: Survey Results From Mathematics Faculty In United States And Canada, Elizabeth Novosel, Daniel G. Kipnis, Jenni Burke, Rasitha Jayesekera

Libraries Scholarship

Presented at STEM Librarian South Conference, November 6, 2024

Despite our diligent outreach and relationship-building efforts, certain groups of faculty within STEM disciplines remain hesitant to engage with academic librarians and utilize library resources. This challenge raises a critical question: How can librarians effectively support a department when faculty members are unresponsive?

Our research team, composed of three frustrated mathematics librarians and one mathematics faculty member, recognized the need for a fresh approach. Mathematics, a department known for its independence, has received limited attention in scholarly Library and Information Science (LIS) literature. To address this gap, we embarked on a …

Race And Ethnicity, Gender, And Promotion Of Physicians In Academic Medicine, Lauren Clark, Elena Shergina, Nathalia Machado, Taneisha S Scheuermann, Nasrin Sultana, Deepika Polineni, Grace H Shih, Robert D Simari, Jo A Wick, Kimber P Richter

2020-Current year OA Pubs

IMPORTANCE: The ranks of academic physicians do not reflect the diversity of the US population. To create a diverse and effective medical workforce, it is important to know the extent to which gender, race and ethnicity, and the intersection of these factors are associated with career advancement.

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether race and ethnicity and gender are associated with appointment to or promotion within academic medicine.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cohort study used Association of American Medical Colleges data on graduates of all US MD-granting medical schools from 1979 to 2019 merged with faculty appointment data since 2000. Data …

Differences In Brain Volume In Military Service Members And Veterans After Blast-Related Mild Tbi: A Limbic-Cenc Study, Emily L Dennis, Jared A Rowland, Carrie Esopenko, Nicholas J Tustison, Mary R Newsome, Elizabeth S Hovenden, Brian B Avants, Jessica Gill, Sidney R Hinds, Kimbra Kenney, Hannah M Lindsey, Sarah L Martindale, Mary Jo Pugh, Randall S Scheibel, Pashtun-Poh Shahim, Robert Shih, James R Stone, Maya Troyanskaya, William C Walker, Kent Werner, Gerald E York, David X Cifu, David F Tate, Elisabeth A Wilde

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Importance: Blast-related mild traumatic brain injuries (TBIs), the "signature injury" of post-9/11 conflicts, are associated with clinically relevant, long-term cognitive, psychological, and behavioral dysfunction and disability; however, the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear.

Objective: To investigate associations between a history of remote blast-related mild TBI and regional brain volume in a sample of US veterans and active duty service members.

Design, setting, and participants: Prospective cohort study of US veterans and active duty service members from the Long-Term Impact of Military-Relevant Brain Injury Consortium-Chronic Effects of Neurotrauma Consortium (LIMBIC-CENC), which enrolled more than 1500 participants at 5 sites used in …

Protein Consumption And Risk Of Cvd Among Us Adults: The Multi-Ethnic Study Of Atherosclerosis (Mesa), Ji Yun Tark, Ruosha Li, Bing Yu, Alexis C Wood, Nikhil S Padhye, Marcia C De Oliveira Otto

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Although some randomized trials have reported beneficial effects of protein intake on cardiometabolic risk factors, evidence from prospective studies have not supported a strong link between protein intake and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. It is also unclear whether diversity in protein intake plays a role in CVD risk.

OBJECTIVE: We investigated prospective associations of (1) protein intake, overall and by food source and (2) diversity of protein sources with risk of CVD, coronary heart disease (CHD), and stroke.

METHODS: In a multi-ethnic cohort of 5879 U.S. adults (45-84 years), who were free of CVD at baseline, protein intake was …

Roflumilast Cream, 015%, For Atopic Dermatitis In Adults And Children: Integument-1 And Integument-2 Randomized Clinical Trials, Eric L Simpson, Lawrence F Eichenfield, Javier Alonso-Llamazares, Zoe D Draelos, Laura K Ferris, Seth B Forman, Melinda Gooderham, Mercedes E Gonzalez, Adelaide A Hebert, Leon H Kircik, Mark Lomaga, Angela Moore, Kim A Papp, Vimal H Prajapati, Diane Hanna, Scott Snyder, David Krupa, Patrick Burnett, Erin Almaraz, Robert C Higham, David H Chu, David R Berk

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Importance: Safe, effective, and well-tolerated topical treatment options available for long-term use in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) are limited and associated with low adherence rates.

Objective: To evaluate efficacy and safety of once-daily roflumilast cream, 0.15%, vs vehicle cream in patients with AD.

Design, setting, and participants: Two phase 3, randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled trials (Interventional Trial Evaluating Roflumilast Cream for the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis 1 and 2 [INTEGUMENT-1 and INTEGUMENT-2]), included patients from sites in the US, Canada, and Poland. Participants were 6 years or older with mild to moderate AD based on Validated Global Assessment for Atopic …

Change Of Ownership And Quality Of Home Health Agency Care, Zhanji Zhang, Kun Li, Siyi Wang, Shekinah Fashaw-Walters, Yucheng Hou

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

IMPORTANCE: The home health agency (HHA) market has seen increasingly more change in ownership transactions. Little is known about the organizational characteristics and quality of care of HHAs after ownership has changed.

OBJECTIVE: To examine whether an HHA change in ownership was associated with different quality-of-care outcomes, patient volume, and staffing levels.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Using current HHA change of ownership files linked to publicly available Medicare HHA data, this staggered difference-in-differences analysis evaluated ownership change transactions of Medicare-certified HHAs from quarter 1 of 2016 to quarter 4 of 2019. Pretransaction and posttransaction HHA characteristics and quality-of-care outcomes were …

Impact Of Racial, Ethnic, And Socioeconomic Disparities On Presentation And Survival Of Hcc: A Multicenter Study, Nicole E Rich, Patricia D Jones, Hong Zhu, Tanushree Prasad, Amy Hughes, Sandi Pruitt, Caitlin C Murphy, Karim Seif-El-Dahan, Darine Daher, Gloria Figueroa, Stephanie Castaneda, Lisa Quirk, Michael Gonzales, Osiris Carranza, Samantha Bourque, Nargis Baset, Adam C Yopp, Amit G Singal

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Racial and ethnic disparities have been reported for HCC prognosis, although few studies fully account for clinically important factors and social determinants of health, including neighborhood socioeconomic status.

METHODS: We conducted a retrospective multicenter cohort study of patients newly diagnosed with HCC from January 2010 through August 2018 at 4 large health systems in the United States. We used multivariable logistic regression and cause-specific Cox proportional hazard models to identify factors associated with early-stage HCC presentation and overall survival.

RESULTS: Of 2263 patients with HCC (37.6% non-Hispanic White, 23.5% non-Hispanic Black, 32.6% Hispanic, and 6.4% Asian/other), 42.0% of patients …

Trends And Disparities In Coronary Artery Disease And Obesity-Related Mortality In The United States From 1999-2022, Mushood Ahmed, Hira Javaid, Aimen Shafiq, Zain Ali Nadeem, Areeba Ahsan, Abdullah Nofal, Raheel Ahmed, Mahboob Alam, Marat Fudim, Gregg C Fonarow, Mamas A Mamas

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Almost half of the US adult population has obesity, which predisposes to atherosclerosis and can lead to poor prognosis in coronary artery disease (CAD). We aim to identify CAD and obesity-related mortality trends among adults in the United States stratified by age, sex, race and geographical location.

METHODS: The CDC-WONDER database was used to extract death certificate data for adults aged ≥ 25 years. Crude mortality rates (CMR) and age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 100,000 persons were calculated, and temporal trends were described by calculating annual percent change (APC) and the average APC (AAPC) in the rates using Joinpoint …

Evaluation Of Chronic Pancreatitis Prognosis Score In An American Cohort, Soo Kyung Park, Darwin L Conwell, Phil A Hart, Shuang Li, Kimberly Stello, Evan L Fogel, William E Fisher, Christopher E Forsmark, Stephen J Pandol, Walter G Park, Mark Topazian, Jose Serrano, Santhi Swaroop Vege, Stephen K Van Den Eeden, Liang Li, Dhiraj Yadav, Jami L Saloman

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Introduction: Chronic Pancreatitis Prognosis Score (COPPS) was developed to discriminate disease severity and predict risk for future hospitalizations. In this cohort study, we evaluated if COPPS predicts the likelihood of hospitalization(s) in an American cohort.

Methods: The Chronic Pancreatitis, Diabetes, and Pancreatic Cancer consortium provided data and serum from subjects with chronic pancreatitis (N = 279). COPPS was calculated with baseline data and stratified by severity (low, moderate, and high). Primary endpoints included number and duration of hospitalizations during 12-month follow-up.

Results: The mean ± SD COPPS was 8.4 ± 1.6. COPPS correlated with all primary outcomes: hospitalizations for any …

Polygenic Risk Scores And Extreme Coronary Artery Calcium Phenotypes (Cac=0 And Cac≥1000) In Adults ≥75 Years Old: The Aric Study, Omar Dzaye, Alexander C Razavi, Zeina A Dardari, Frances M Wang, Yasuyuki Honda, Khurram Nasir, Josef Coresh, Candace M Howard-Claudio, Jin Jin, Bing Yu, Paul S De Vries, Lynne Wagenknecht, Aaron R Folsom, Ron Blankstein, Tanika N Kelly, Seamus P Whelton, Martin Bødtker Mortensen, Ziqiao Wang, Nilanjan Chatterjee, Kunihiro Matsushita, Michael J Blaha

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Coronary artery calcium (CAC) is heterogeneous in older age and is incompletely explained by traditional atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk factors. The extremes of subclinical atherosclerosis burden are strongly associated with either a low or high 10-year risk of incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, respectively. However, the genetic underpinnings of differences in arterial aging remain unclear. We sought to determine the independent association of 2 polygenic scores for coronary heart disease (CHD) with CAC in adults ≥75 years of age.

Methods: There were 1865 ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) participants who underwent genetic testing at visit 1 (1987-1989) and CAC scans …