Digital Commons Network^™

Code Switching Use, Attitudes, And Identity: Differences Among Spanish-English Bilinguals In Canada, Mexico, And The United States, Ana Sofia Rubalcava Karmanov

Theses and Dissertations

Code-switching (CS) has been extensively studied for a variety of purposes and under many contexts. In recent years there has been a shift in CS literature to better understand the sociological forces that affect speakers’ use of CS. While in earlier literature, CS was perceived negatively by both speakers and the general public (Milroy & Muysken, 1995; MacGregor-Mendoza, 2021; Anderson & Toribio, 2007; Fishman, 1967), it has since been shown that many bilinguals view CS positively. More recent research suggests that bilinguals perceive CS as an important part of their identity and use it to show they belong to particular …

Prevalence Of Symptoms ≤12 Months After Acute Illness, By Covid-19 Testing Status Among Adults — United States, December 2020–March 2023, Juan Carlos C Montoy, James Ford, Huihui Yu, Michael Gottlieb, Dana Morse, Michelle Santangelo, Kelli N O'Laughlin, Kevin Schaeffer, Pamela Logan, Kristin Rising, Mandy J Hill, Lauren E Wisk, Wafah Salah, Ahamed H Idris, Ryan M Huebinger, Erica S Spatz, Robert M Rodriguez, Robin E Klabbers, Kristyn Gatling, Ralph C Wang, Joann G Elmore, Samuel A Mcdonald, Kari A Stephens, Robert A Weinstein, Arjun K Venkatesh, Sharon Saydah, Innovative Support For Patients With Sars-Cov-2 Infections Registry (Inspire) Group

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

To further the understanding of post-COVID conditions, and provide a more nuanced description of symptom progression, resolution, emergence, and reemergence after SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-like illness, analysts examined data from the Innovative Support for Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infections Registry (INSPIRE), a prospective multicenter cohort study. This report includes analysis of data on self-reported symptoms collected from 1,296 adults with COVID-like illness who were tested for SARS-CoV-2 using a Food and Drug Administration-approved polymerase chain reaction or antigen test at the time of enrollment and reported symptoms at 3-month intervals for 12 months. Prevalence of any symptom decreased substantially between baseline …

Inclusive Education Is Power: Revising Sexual Health Education For People With Disabilities, Carly M. Tsuruda

Master's Projects and Capstones

For people with disabilities in the United States, comprehensive sexual health education is not always available. There are a number of reasons for the lack of comprehensive sexual health education, including excessive censorship and curriculum that is not representative of people with disabilities. Sexual health education and disability are both topics that have several preconceived notions attached to them, yet there is a dearth in resources that could provide accurate information to those both with and without disabilities. These preconceived notions that have been associated with these identity labels lead to negative health outcomes for people with disabilities such as …

Reducing Oral Health Disparities: Effectiveness Of Preventive Dental Care On Treatment Use, Expenditures And Determinants Of Service Utilization, Rashmi Lamsal

Theses & Dissertations

Given the importance of oral health in maintaining the general health and well-being of an individual, this dissertation includes three independent studies examining dental care utilization and expenditures among adults in the U.S. The first study examines the effectiveness of preventive dental visits on treatment utilization and expenditures among adults aged 18 and above. The second study focuses on the impact of paid sick leave on different types of dental services utilization among working adults aged 18-64. Finally, the last paper compares the differences in dental care utilization and related expenditure between foreign-born and US-born adults with diabetes. The paper …

Svb And Beyond: The Banking Stress Of 2023, Viral V. Acharya, Matthew P. Richardson, Kermit L. Schoenholtz, Bruce Tuckman

Documents

No abstract provided.

Indigenous Water Rights: Navigating Sovereign Waters, Cynthia N. Pina

Master's Projects and Capstones

The issue of Native American water rights and the sovereignty of their land on reservations is gaining increasing prominence, making it the focal point of this thesis as an environmental justice concern. Native Americans face disproportionate public health challenges related to water accessibility, contamination, sanitation, outdated infrastructure, and other social determinants of health. The legal framework that governs the coexistence of Native Americans in the United States is rooted in a settler colonial perspective. Consequently, this has created a dependent relationship between Native Americans and the United States federal government. Despite the long-standing advocacy of Tribes for sovereignty since the …

Commentary: Further Prosecutions Over The 2020 Election Are Not Justified, Bruce Ledewitz

Newspaper Columns

Collected biweekly contributions to the Pennsylvania Capital-Star, a nonpartisan, nonprofit news site.

Racial And Ethnic Disparities In Antifibrotic Therapy In Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis, Joy Zhao, Joseph Fares, Gautam George, Arlene Maheu, Giorgos Loizidis, Jesse Roman, Daniel Kramer, Michael Li, Ross Summer

Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Racial disparities have been documented in care of many respiratory diseases but little is known about the impact of race on the treatment of interstitial lung diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine how race and ethnicity influence treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

METHODS: Adults with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (>18 years) were identified using TriNetX database and paired-wised comparisons were performed for antifibrotic treatment among White, Black, Hispanic and Asian patients. Mortality of treated and untreated IPF patients was compared after propensity score matching for age, sex, nicotine dependence, oxygen dependence and predicted FVC. …

Transmission Of Yellow Fever Vaccine Virus Through Blood Transfusion And Organ Transplantation In The Usa In 2021: Report Of An Investigation, Carolyn V. Gould, Rebecca J. Free, Julu Bhatnagar, Raymond A. Soto, Tricia L. Royer, Warren R. Maley, Sean Moss, Matthew A. Berk, Rebecca Craig-Shapiro, Rosy Priya L. Kodiyanplakkal, Lars F. Westblade, Thangamani Muthukumar, Yoram A. Puius, Amresh Raina, Azam Hadi, Kymberly A. Gyure, Danielle Trief, Marcus Pereira, Matthew J. Kuehnert, Vennus Ballen, Debra A. Kessler, Kimberly Dailey, Charles Omura, Thuy Doan, Steve Miller, Michael R. Wilson, Jennifer A. Lehman, Jana M. Ritter, Elizabeth Lee, Luciana Silva-Flannery, Sarah Reagan-Steiner, Jason O. Velez, Janeen J. Laven, Kelly A. Fitzpatrick, Amanda Panella, Emily H. Davis, Holly R. Hughes, Aaron C. Brault, Kirsten St George, Amy B. Dean, Joel Ackelsberg, Sridhar V. Basavaraju, Charles Y. Chiu, J. Erin Staples

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: In 2021, four patients who had received solid organ transplants in the USA developed encephalitis beginning 2-6 weeks after transplantation from a common organ donor. We describe an investigation into the cause of encephalitis in these patients.

METHODS: From Nov 7, 2021, to Feb 24, 2022, we conducted a public health investigation involving 15 agencies and medical centres in the USA. We tested various specimens (blood, cerebrospinal fluid, intraocular fluid, serum, and tissues) from the organ donor and recipients by serology, RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, metagenomic next-generation sequencing, and host gene expression, and conducted a traceback of blood transfusions received by …

Money Market Fund Reforms; Form Pf Reporting Requirements For Large Liquidity Fund Advisers; Technical Amendments To Form N–Csr And Form N–1a, United States: Securities And Exchange Commission (Sec)

Documents

No abstract provided.

Form 10-Q Jpmorgan Chase & Co., Jp Morgan Chase & Co.

Documents

No abstract provided.

Reforming The Federal Home Loan Bank System, Steven Cecchetti, Kermit Schoenholtz, Lawrence J. White

Documents

No abstract provided.

A Phenomenological Inquiry Into Healthcare Professionals Who Are Experts In Cannabinoid Therapy And The Endocannabinoid System (Ecs), Courtney Collins

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Cannabis is a prevalent alternative treatment for many symptoms and conditions given its medicinal qualities and few side effects. As legalization for both medical and recreational purposes continue to develop quickly across the United States of America, there is serious discrepancy between legalization and clinical research. Clinical data is difficult since the U.S. federal government still classifies cannabis as a Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) Schedule I drug with no clearly established medical value. This lag in evidence-base data has affected cannabinoid therapy and endocannabinoid system education (ECS) for healthcare professionals. There are gaps in medical school and continuing medical education …

2022 American College Of Rheumatology Guideline For Exercise, Rehabilitation, Diet, And Additional Integrative Interventions For Rheumatoid Arthritis, Bryant R England, Benjamin J Smith, Nancy A Baker, Jennifer L Barton, Carol A Oatis, Gordon Guyatt, Allen Anandarajah, Kristine Carandang, Karmela Kim Chan, Deb Constien, Eileen Davidson, Carole V Dodge, Anita Bemis-Dougherty, Sotiria Everett, Nadine Fisher, Liana Fraenkel, Susan M Goodman, Janet Lewis, Victoria Menzies, Larry W Moreland, Iris Navarro-Millan, Sarah Patterson, Lawrence Rick Phillips, Neha Shah, Namrata Singh, Daniel White, Rawan Alheresh, Kamil E Barbour, Thomas Bye, Dana Guglielmo, Rebecca Haberman, Tate Johnson, Anatole Kleiner, Chris Y Lane, Linda C Li, Hiral Master, Daniel Pinto, Janet L Poole, Kimberly Steinbarger, Daniel Sztubinski, Louise Thoma, Vlad Tsaltskan, Marat Turgunbaev, Courtney Wells, Amy S Turner, Jonathan R Treadwell

Pediatrics Research and Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: To develop initial American College of Rheumatology (ACR) guidelines on the use of exercise, rehabilitation, diet, and additional interventions in conjunction with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) as part of an integrative management approach for people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

METHODS: An interprofessional guideline development group constructed clinically relevant Population, Intervention, Comparator, and Outcome (PICO) questions. A literature review team then completed a systematic literature review and applied the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach to rate the certainty of evidence. An interprofessional Voting Panel (n = 20 participants) that included 3 individuals with RA achieved consensus …

Gender Bias In Cultural Tightness Across The 50 U.S. States And Its Links To Gender Inequality In Leadership And Innovation, Xin Qin, Roy Y. J. Chua, Ling Tan, Wanlu Li, Chen Chen

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Cultural tightness theory, which holds that “tight” cultures have rigid norms and sanctions, provides unique insights into cultural variations. However, current theorizing has not analyzed gender differences in cultural tightness. Addressing this gap, this research shows that women are more constrained than men by norms within the same society. By recruiting 15,425 respondents, we mapped state-level gender bias in cultural tightness across the United States. Variability in gender bias in cultural tightness was associated with state-level socio-political factors (religion and political ideology) and gender-related threats. Gender bias in cultural tightness was positively associated with state-level gender inequality in (business and …

Rural-Urban Differences In The Age-Adjusted Pediatric Cancer Mortality In The United States (2000-2020), Reitumetse A. Setai

Capstone Experience: Master of Public Health

In the United States (U.S.), 5-year survival for pediatric cancers improved from 58% in 1975 to 85% in 2017. However, pediatric cancer remains the second leading cause of death in children between 0 – 14 years. Despite the growing body of pediatric cancer research, there is limited knowledge of the urban and rural disparities of pediatric cancer mortality. This study examined: 1) the differences in the U.S. pediatric cancer mortality rates between rural and urban residents during 2016-2020 by demographic characteristics (age group, sex, race/ethnicity, and income) and cancer types and 2) the trend of pediatric cancer mortality in the …

Graft-Versus-Host Disease: Teaching Old Drugs New Tricks At Less Cost, Shatha Farhan, Shernan G. Holtan

Hematology/Oncology Articles

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT). Currently, more patients can receive SCT. This is attributed to the use of reduced intensity regimens and the use of different GVHD prophylaxis that breaks the barrier of human leukocyte antigen, allowing an increase in the donor pool. Once an area with relatively few clinical trial options, there has been an increase in interest in GVHD prophylaxis and treatment, which has led to many US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approvals. Although there is considerable excitement over novel therapies, many patients may not …

Dimension Reduction Of 911 Good Samaritan Laws: Drawing Inferences From Policy Surveillance, Shane W Reader, Ellen D Breckenridge, Wenyaw Chan, Gretchen H Walton, Stephen H Linder

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: 911 Good Samaritan Laws (GSLs) extend legal protection to people reporting drug overdoses who may otherwise be in violation of controlled substance laws. Mixed evidence suggests GSLs decrease overdose mortality, but these studies overlook substantial heterogeneity across states. The GSL Inventory exhaustively catalogs features of these laws into four categories: breadth, burden, strength, and exemption. The present study reduces this dataset to reveal patterns in implementation, facilitate future evaluations, and to produce a roadmap for the dimension reduction of further policy surveillance datasets.

Methods: We produced multidimensional scaling plots visualizing the frequency of co-occurring GSL features from the GSL …

Artificial Light At Night And Social Vulnerability: An Environmental Justice Analysis In The Us 2012-2019, Qian Xiao, Yue Lyu, Meng Zhou, Jiachen Lu, Kehe Zhang, Jun Wang, Cici Bauer

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Artificial Light at Night (ALAN) is an emerging health risk factor that has been linked to a wide range of adverse health effects. Recent study suggested that disadvantaged neighborhoods may be exposed to higher levels of ALAN. Understanding how social disadvantage correlates with ALAN levels is essential for identifying the vulnerable populations and for informing lighting policy.

METHODS: We used satellite data from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Black Marble data product to quantify annual ALAN levels (2012-2019), and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) to quantify social disadvantage, both at …

Spanish-Speaking Limited English-Proficient Patient Satisfaction And Comfort When Comparing Spanish-Speaking Provider To An Interpreter, Cindy Hernandez

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

A large population of Americans have limited or no English proficiency (LEP) with about 64% of those being Spanish-speaking. This creates challenges in navigating the American healthcare system, where the majority of providers are solely English-speaking. Studies have demonstrated that when patients have language discordant appointments without interpreters, they are more likely to feel less understood, have questions and comments ignored, and are less likely to receive patient-centered care in communication. It is expected that interpreters improve access to healthcare, especially for Spanish-speaking patients. However, the patient comfort and satisfaction in language discordant genetic counseling appointments has not yet been …

An Updated Report On The Prevalence Of Prior Cancer Among Persons Newly Diagnosed With Cancer In The Surveillance, Epidemiology, And End Results Program, Caitlin C Murphy, Guillermo A Tortolero, David E Gerber, Sandi L Pruitt

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

This cohort study uses population-based data from the National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program of cancer registries to estimate prevalence of prior cancer among adults diagnosed with an incident cancer in 2019.

The Covid-19 Pandemic And Associated Inequities In Acute Myocardial Infarction Treatment And Outcomes, Laurent G Glance, Karen E Joynt Maddox, Jingjing Shang, Patricia W Stone, Stewart J Lustik, Peter W Knight, Andrew W Dick

2020-Current year OA Pubs

IMPORTANCE: The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted usual care for emergent conditions, such as acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Understanding whether Black and Hispanic individuals experiencing AMI had greater increases in poor outcomes compared with White individuals during the pandemic has important equity implications.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with increased disparities in treatment and outcomes among Medicare patients hospitalized with AMI.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cross-sectional study used Medicare data for patients hospitalized with AMI between January 2016 and November 2020. Patients were categorized as Hispanic, non-Hispanic Black, and non-Hispanic White. The association between race and ethnicity …

Postoperative Respiratory Complications In Sars-Cov-2 Positive Pediatric Patients Across 20 United States Hospitals: A Cohort Study, Audra J Reiter, Martha-Conley E Ingram, Mehul V Raval, Elisa Garcia, Madelyn Hill, Arturo Aranda, Nicole M Chandler, Raquel Gonzalez, Kristen Born, Shale Mack, Abdulraouf Lamoshi, Aaron M Lipskar, Xiao-Yue Han, Elizabeth Fialkowski, Brianna Spencer, Afif N Kulaylat, Amrene Barde, Ami N Shah, Maeva Adoumie, Erica Gross, Steven C Mehl, Monica E Lopez, Valerie Polcz, Moiz M Mustafa, Jeffrey W Gander, Travis M Sullivan, Jason P Sulkowski, Owais Ghani, Eunice Y Huang, David Rothstein, E Peter Muenks, Shawn D St Peter, Jason C Fisher, Dina Levy-Lambert, Allison Reichl, Romeo C Ignacio, Bethany J Slater, Kuojen Tsao, Loren Berman

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

INTRODUCTION: Data examining rates of postoperative complications among SARS-CoV-2 positive children are limited. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of symptomatic and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 positive status on postoperative respiratory outcomes for children.

METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included SARS-CoV-2 positive pediatric patients across 20 hospitals who underwent general anesthesia from March to October 2020. The primary outcome was frequency of postoperative respiratory complications, including: high-flow nasal cannula/non invasive ventilation, reintubation, pneumonia, Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO), and 30-day respiratory-related readmissions or emergency department (ED) visits. Univariate analyses were used to evaluate associations between patient and procedure characteristics …

Outcomes Of Induction Vs Prelabor Cesarean Delivery At <33 Weeks For Hypertensive Disorders Of Pregnancy, Elisa T Bushman, William A Grobman, Jennifer L Bailit, Uma M Reddy, Ronald J Wapner, Michael W Varner, John M Thorp, Steve N Caritis, Mona Prasad, George R Saade, Yoram Sorokin, Dwight J Rouse, Sean C Blackwell, Jorge E Tolosa

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are the leading cause of indicated preterm birth; however, the optimal delivery approach for pregnancies complicated by preterm hypertensive disorders of pregnancy remains uncertain.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare maternal and neonatal morbidity in patients with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy who either went induction of labor or prelabor cesarean delivery at <33 >weeks' gestation. In addition, we aimed to quantify the length of induction of labor and rate of vaginal delivery in those who underwent induction of labor.

STUDY DESIGN: This is a secondary analysis of an observational study which included 115,502 patients in 25 …

Alcohol Consumption Among Adults With A Cancer Diagnosis In The All Of Us Research Program, Mengyao Shi, Chongliang Luo, Oluseye K Oduyale, Xiaoyu Zong, Noelle K Loconte, Yin Cao

2020-Current year OA Pubs

IMPORTANCE: Alcohol consumption is associated with adverse oncologic and treatment outcomes among individuals with a diagnosis of cancer. As a key modifiable behavioral factor, alcohol consumption patterns among cancer survivors, especially during treatment, remain underexplored in the United States.

OBJECTIVE: To comprehensively characterize alcohol consumption patterns among US cancer survivors.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cross-sectional study used data from May 6, 2018, to January 1, 2022, from the National Institutes of Health All of Us Research Program, a diverse US cohort with electronic health record (EHR) linkage, and included 15 199 participants who reported a cancer diagnosis and 1839 …

The Influence Of Political Ideology On Awareness Of Hpv And Hpv Vaccine Among Adults In The United States, Onyema Greg Chido-Amajuoyi, Henry Onyeaka, Hermioni Amonoo, Sanjay Shete

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

This study aimed to investigate the association between political ideology and awareness of HPV and HPV vaccine among US adults. Study data were derived from Health Information National Trends Survey 5 Cycle 4, a 2020 cross-sectional survey of US adults. Multivariable logistic regressions were conducted to examine the association between political ideology with HPV and HPV vaccine awareness. A total of 3418 adults participated in the study, with the majority being non-Hispanic White individuals and women. The results showed that 66.1% and 62.3% of the participants were aware of HPV and HPV vaccine, respectively. A total of 36.9%, 29.7% and …

Individual, Systemic And State Factors Associated With Provider Recommendation Of Hpv Vaccination: Findings From Nis-Teen, 2020, Ikponmwosa Osaghae, Monalisa Chandra, Rajesh Talluri, Sanjay Shete

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The most important determinant of HPV vaccination uptake is healthcare provider recommendation, yet not all eligible patients receive HPV vaccination recommendations. We used data from the 2020 National Immunization Survey-Teen to determine individual, systemic, and state factors associated with provider recommendation of HPV vaccination. A total of 18,534 teens were included, with 81.4% receiving provider recommendations for HPV vaccination. HPV vaccination recommendation was higher among females compared to males (AOR: 1.57; 95% CI: 1.27-1.93), teens who received a well-child exam at 11 or 12 years compared to those who did not (AOR: 2.10; 95% CI: 1.61-2.74), and teens whose mothers …

Mpla Case: I Didn't Realize Those Were The Expectations!, Samantha J Simiele, Serdar Charyyev, Liyong Lin, Leonard Kim, Dongxu Wang, Mary P Gronberg

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

This work of fiction is part of a case study series developed by the Medical Physics Leadership Academy (MPLA). It is intended to facilitate the discussion of how students and advisors can better communicate expectations and navigate difficult conversations. In this case, a fourth-year Ph.D. student Emma learns that her advisor Dr. So is leaving the institution and has not arranged to bring any students with him. As Emma and Dr. So meet to discuss Emma's next steps, the conversation reveals misunderstandings and miscommunications of expectations, including a specific publication requirement for graduation from Dr. So. Having just learned of …

Dengue Outbreak Response During Covid-19 Pandemic, Key Largo, Florida, Usa, 2020, Devin Rowe, Catherine Mcdermott, Ysla Veliz, Alison Kerr, Mark Whiteside, Mikki Coss, Chad Huff, Andrea Leal, Edgar Kopp, Alexis Lacrue, Lea A Heberlein, Laura E Adams, Gilberto A Santiago, Jorge L Munoz-Jordan, Gabriela Paz-Bailey, Andrea M Morrison

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

We report a dengue outbreak in Key Largo, Florida, USA, from February through August 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Successful community engagement resulted in 61% of case-patients self-reporting. We also describe COVID-19 pandemic effects on the dengue outbreak investigation and the need to increase clinician awareness of dengue testing recommendations.

Disparities In Antifibrotic Medication Utilization Among Veterans With Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis, Bhavika Kaul, Joyce S Lee, Laura A Petersen, Charles Mcculloch, Ivan O Rosas, Venkata D Bandi, Ning Zhang, Alison M Dedent, Harold R Collard, Mary A Whooley

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Two antifibrotic medications, pirfenidone and nintedanib, are approved for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Little is known about their real-world adoption.

Research question: What are the real-world antifibrotic utilization rates and factors associated with uptake among a national cohort of veterans with IPF?

Study design and methods: This study identified veterans with IPF who received care either provided by the Veterans Affairs (VA) Healthcare System or non-VA care paid for by the VA. Patients who had filled at least one antifibrotic prescription through the VA pharmacy or Medicare Part D between October 15, 2014, and December 31, …