Digital Commons Network^™

Haemophilus Influenzae Type B Invasive Disease In Amish Children, Missouri, Usa, 2014, Angela L. Myers, Mary Anne Jackson, Lixin Zhang, Douglas S. Swanson, Janet R. Gilsdorf

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

© 2017, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). All rights reserved. During 5 months in 2014, three Amish children in Missouri, USA, were diagnosed with invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b infection. Two were rural neighbors infected with a genetically similar rare strain, sequence type 45. One child had recently traveled, raising the possibility of maintenance of this strain among unvaccinated carriers in Amish communities.

Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy In Pediatric Medicaid Enrollees., Jennifer Goldman, Troy Richardson, Jason G. Newland, Brian R. Lee, Jeffrey S. Gerber, Matt Hall, Matthew Kronman, Adam L. Hersh

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Background: Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) is overused in cases where highly bioavailable oral alternatives would be equally effective. However, the scope of OPAT use for children nationwide is poorly understood. Our objective was to characterize OPAT use and clinical outcomes for a large population of pediatric Medicaid enrollees treated with OPAT.

Methods: We analyzed the Truven MarketScan Medicaid claims database between 2009 and 2012. An OPAT episode was identified by capturing children with claims data indicating home infusion therapy for an intravenous antimicrobial. We characterized OPAT use by describing patient demographics, diagnoses, and antimicrobials prescribed. We categorized an antimicrobial …

Addendum Guidelines For The Prevention Of Peanut Allergy In The United States: Report Of The National Institute Of Allergy And Infectious Diseases–Sponsored Expert Panel, Alkis Togias, Susan F. Cooper, Maria L. Acebal, Amal Assa'ad, James R. Baker, Lisa A. Beck, Julie Block, Carol Byrd-Bredbenner, Edmond S. Chan, Lawrence F. Eichenfield, David M Fleischer, George J. Fuchs Iii, Glenn T. Furuta, Matthew J. Greenhawt, Ruchi S. Gupta, Michele Habich, Stacie M. Jones, Kari Keaton, Antonella Muraro, Marshall Plaut, Lanny J. Rosenwasser, Daniel Rotrosen, Hugh A. Sampson, Lynda C. Schneider, Scott H. Sicherer, Robert Sidbury, Jonathan Spergel, David R. Stukus, Carina Venter, Joshua A. Boyce

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Background: Food allergy is an important public health problem because it affects children and adults, can be severe and even life-threatening, and may be increasing in prevalence. Beginning in 2008, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, working with other organizations and advocacy groups, led the development of the first clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and management of food allergy. A recent landmark clinical trial and other emerging data suggest that peanut allergy can be prevented through introduction of peanut-containing foods beginning in infancy.

Objectives: Prompted by these findings, along with 25 professional organizations, federal agencies, and patient advocacy …

The Value Driven Pharmacist: Basics Of Access, Cost And Quality, Carriann Smith, Annette Mcfarland, Chad Knoderer, Joseph Jordan, Trish Devine, Jessica Wilhoite

Butler University Books

No abstract provided.

Incarceration As A Threat To Reproductive Justice In Massachusetts And The United States, Rachel Roth

Western New England Law Review

This Article is an edited and expanded version of Rachel Roth’s presentation at the 2016 Western New England Law Review Symposium on Gender and Incarceration. It provides an overview of reproductive justice and describes (1) how prisons and jails undermine reproductive health, rights, and justice for the people they confine, and (2) how mass incarceration undermines the prospect for reproductive justice in the United States overall. It focuses on examples from women’s prisons and includes issues and advocacy work from Massachusetts and across the country.

Protocol For Surveying Bat Use Of Lava Tube Caves During Winter In Craters Of The Moon National Monument And Preserve, Version 1.0, Thomas J. Rodhouse, Kathleen Slocum, Todd Stefanic, Shawn Thomas, Meghan Lonneker, Gordon Dicus

United States National Park Service: Publications

Executive Summary

The mission of the National Park Service (NPS) is “to conserve unimpaired the natural and cultural resources and values of the national park system for the enjoyment of this and future generations” (NPS 1999). To uphold this goal, the Director of the NPS approved the Natural Resource Challenge to encourage national parks to focus on the preservation of the nation’s natural heritage through science, natural resource inventories, and expanded resource monitoring (NPS 1999). Through the Challenge, 270 parks in the national park system were organized into 32 inventory and monitoring (I&M) networks.

The Upper Columbia Basin Network Inventory …

The Process Of Reclaiming Tribal Sovereignty Through Healthcare Autonomy, Karolina A. Serhan

Honors Theses

This honors thesis explores the complex interplay between health status, healthcare, and tribal sovereignty among native communities in the United States. These relationships are explored through analyzing the paradoxical and condescending nature of the Federal Trust Responsibility in relation to government-organized healthcare programs for natives. In establishing this relationship, the thesis goes on to illustrate how native communities have effectively fought to regain sovereignty through reclaiming autonomy of their healthcare systems through the use of the 1975 Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act. The impact of tribal-led healthcare systems is further explored through an in-depth case study conducted regarding the …

Toxocara Seroprevalence And Associated Risk Factors In The United States, Bruce L. Brown, Andrew N. Berrett, Lance D. Erickson, Shawn D. Gale, Allison Stone, Dawson W. Hedges

Faculty Publications

Caused by the parasitic nematodes Toxocara canis and cati, toxocariasis in humans can result in covert toxocariasis, ocular toxocariasis, visceral larval migrans, and neurotoxocariasis. A common infection, toxocariasis exposure varies widely within and between countries, with a previous estimate of Toxocara seroprevalence using data from 1988 to 1994 in the United States of approximately 13%. Age, poverty, sex, educational attainment, ethnicity, and region have been associated with Toxocara seroprevalence. In this study, we sought to determine the seroprevalence of and factors associated with Toxocara seropositivity in the United States using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from …

Predictors Of Uti Antibiotic Resistance For Female Medicaid Recipients In U.S. Ambulatory Care Settings, Wendy Denise Wiesehuegel

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Urinary tract infections are diagnosed in female populations primarily in ambulatory care settings in the United States. Yet, published evidence documents that many of the antibiotics prescribed in these settings are unnecessary, erroneous, or, inappropriately prescribed. Improper management of uncomplicated urinary tract infections in nonpregnant women has resulted in higher morbidity rates due to antibiotic resistance. The purpose of this retrospective observational cohort study was to explore a current national database for associations between nonpregnant American female patients who were exposed to poverty and at risk for urinary tract infection antibiotic resistance in an ambulatory care setting. Krieger's ecosocial theory …

Applying Multiple Data Collection Tools To Quantify Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Communication On Twitter., Philip M. Massey, Amy Leader, Elad Yom-Tov, Alexandra Budenz, Kara Fisher, Ann C. Klassen

Department of Medical Oncology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States. There are several vaccines that protect against strains of HPV most associated with cervical and other cancers. Thus, HPV vaccination has become an important component of adolescent preventive health care. As media evolves, more information about HPV vaccination is shifting to social media platforms such as Twitter. Health information consumed on social media may be especially influential for segments of society such as younger populations, as well as ethnic and racial minorities.

OBJECTIVE: The objectives of our study were to quantify HPV vaccine communication on …

Indoor Tobacco Legislation Is Associated With Fewer Emergency Department Visits For Asthma Exacerbation In Children., Christina E. Ciaccio, Tami Gurley-Calvez, Theresa I. Shireman

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: During the past 3 decades, numerous cities and states have adopted laws that ban smoking in public indoor spaces. The rationale for these policies has been to protect nonsmokers from the adverse health effects of secondhand smoke.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the implementation of indoor smoking legislation is associated with a decrease in emergency department visits for asthma in children.

METHODS: This retrospective analysis used a natural experiment to estimate the impact of clean indoor air legislation on the rate of emergency department admissions for asthma exacerbation in children. Data were obtained from the Pediatric Health Information System. A …

Update From The Advisory Committee On Immunization Practices., Jennifer E. Schuster, Sean O'Leary, David W. Kimberlin

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) consists of medical and public health experts who develop recommendations on vaccine use in the United States. The ACIP meets 3 times per year, and members and Centers for Disease Control (CDC) staff present findings and discuss vaccine research, vaccine effectiveness (VE) and safety, clinical trial results, and labeling/package insert information. Outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases and vaccine shortages are also discussed. Nonvoting representatives from the American Academy of Pediatrics and the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society are present. The ACIP met on June 22-23, 2016 to discuss proposed recommendations for influenza vaccination, for human …

Abetting Mass Prison Escape: A Defense, David W. Frank

University of Miami Race & Social Justice Law Review

No abstract provided.

Characterization Of Salmonella Isangi Possessing A Ctx-M15 Esbl Associated With An Outbreak In A Us Hospital, Geehan Suleyman, Mary Perri, Dora Vager, Linoj Samuel, Marcus J. Zervos, George Alangaden, Robert J. Tibbetts

Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Articles

Over an approximately 50-day period in 2015, an outbreak of CTX-M-15 extended spectrum β-lactamase-(ESBL)-possessing Salmonella Isangi occurred among 19 adult surgical patients and one healthcare worker (HCW) at a large urban tertiary care hospital in the United States. A total of 45 S. Isangi isolates were isolated from stool (35), blood (4), urine (3), respiratory (2), and wound (1) cultures. Phenotypically, all but three isolates demonstrated resistance to ampicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, ceftriaxone, and cefepime, and one isolate was resistant to ertapenem. Genotypically, a single CTX-M-15 ESBL was identified in all but three isolates by real-time PCR. Interestingly, two of the CTX-M-15 …

A One Health Message About Bats Increases Intentions To Follow Public Health Guidance On Bat Rabies, Hang Lu, Katherine A. Mccomas, Danielle E. Buttke, Sungjong Roh, Margaret A. Wild

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Since 1960, bat rabies variants have become the greatest source of human rabies deaths in the United States. Improving rabies awareness and preventing human exposure to rabid bats remains a national public health priority today. Concurrently, conservation of bats and the ecosystem benefits they provide is of increasing importance due to declining populations of many bat species. This study used a visitor-intercept experiment (N = 521) in two U.S. national parks where human and bat interactions occur on an occasional basis to examine the relative persuasiveness of four messages differing in the provision of benefit and uncertainty information on intentions …

African American Female Offender's Use Of Alternative And Traditional Health Services After Re-Entry: Examining The Behavioral Model For Vulnerable Populations, Carrie B. Oser, Amanda M. Bunting, Erin L. Pullen, Danelle Stevens-Watkins

Sociology Faculty Publications

This is the first known study to use the Gelberg-Andersen Behavioral Model for Vulnerable Populations to predict African American women's use of three types of health services (alternative, hospitalization, and ambulatory) in the 18 months after release from prison. In the multivariate models, the most robust predictors of all three types of service utilization were in the vulnerable theoretical domains. Alternative health services were predicted by ethnic community membership, higher religiosity, and HIV/HCV. Hospitalizations were predicted by the lack of barriers to health care and disability. Ambulatory office visits were predicted by more experiences of gendered racism, a greater number …

The Genomic Cds Sandbox: An Assessment Among Domain Experts., Ayesha Aziz, Kensaku Kawamoto, Karen Eilbeck, Marc S Williams, Robert R Freimuth, Mark A Hoffman, Luke V Rasmussen, Casey L Overby, Brian H Shirts, James M Hoffman, Brandon M Welch

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Genomics is a promising tool that is becoming more widely available to improve the care and treatment of individuals. While there is much assertion, genomics will most certainly require the use of clinical decision support (CDS) to be fully realized in the routine clinical setting. The National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) of the National Institutes of Health recently convened an in-person, multi-day meeting on this topic. It was widely recognized that there is a need to promote the innovation and development of resources for genomic CDS such as a CDS sandbox. The purpose of this study was to evaluate …

Toward Earlier Inclusion Of Pregnant And Postpartum Women In Tuberculosis Drug Trials: Consensus Statements From An International Expert Panel., Amita Gupta, Jyoti S. Mathad, Susan M. Abdel-Rahman, Jessica D. Albano, Radu Botgros, Vikki Brown, Renee S. Browning, Liza Dawson, Kelly E. Dooley, Devasena Gnanashanmugam, Beatriz Grinsztejn, Sonia Hernandez-Diaz, Patrick Jean-Philippe, Peter Kim, Anne D. Lyerly, Mark Mirochnick, Lynne M. Mofenson, Grace Montepiedra, Jeanna Piper, Leyla Sahin, Radojka Savic, Betsy Smith, Hans Spiegel, Soumya Swaminathan, D Heather Watts, Amina White

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Tuberculosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in women of childbearing age (15-44 years). Despite increased tuberculosis risk during pregnancy, optimal clinical treatment remains unclear: safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic data for many tuberculosis drugs are lacking, and trials of promising new tuberculosis drugs exclude pregnant women. To advance inclusion of pregnant and postpartum women in tuberculosis drug trials, the US National Institutes of Health convened an international expert panel. Discussions generated consensus statements (>75% agreement among panelists) identifying high-priority research areas during pregnancy, including: (1) preventing progression of latent tuberculosis infection, especially in women coinfected with human …

History, Trips, And Common Sense: Curbing The Counterfeit Drug Market In Sub-Saharan Africa, Hannah Elizabeth Jarrells

Georgia Journal of International & Comparative Law

No abstract provided.

Healthcare Costs In The U.S., Kristin Van De Griend

Faculty Work Comprehensive List

"What are the ethical considerations regarding the price that pharmaceutical companies charge for medications, and how are those charges passed on to pharmacies and hospitals/clinics?"

Posting about advocating for cost-effective health care­­­­­­­­ from In All Things - an online hub committed to the claim that the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ has implications for the entire world.

http://inallthings.org/healthcare-costs-in-the-u-s/

Molecular Evolution And Intraclade Recombination Of Enterovirus D68 During The 2014 Outbreak In The United States., Yi Tan, Ferdaus Hassan, Jennifer E. Schuster, Ari Simenauer, Rangaraj Selvarangan, Rebecca A. Halpin, Xudong Lin, Nadia Fedorova, Timothy B. Stockwell, Tommy Tsan-Yuk Lam, James D. Chappell, Tina V. Hartert, Edward C. Holmes, Suman R. Das

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

In August 2014, an outbreak of enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) occurred in North America, causing severe respiratory disease in children. Due to a lack of complete genome sequence data, there is only a limited understanding of the molecular evolution and epidemiology of EV-D68 during this outbreak, and it is uncertain whether the differing clinical manifestations of EV-D68 infection are associated with specific viral lineages. We developed a high-throughput complete genome sequencing pipeline for EV-D68 that produced a total of 59 complete genomes from respiratory samples with a 95% success rate, including 57 genomes from Kansas City, MO, collected during the 2014 …

"If We Can Prevent Children From Dying Unnecessarily, I Don't See A Downside": An Analysis Of Vaccinations, Children, Parenting And Vulnerability In Parents And Today’S Parent Articles About Childhood Vaccinations, Cory Runstedler

Sociology Major Research Papers

Since the beginning of the twentieth century, children have been presented by the media and perceived by society as increasingly vulnerable. While using the discussion of childhood vaccinations in parenting magazines as a cultural site, this research explores the presentation of vaccinations, children, parenting, and vulnerability. Methodologically, I conducted a content analysis of 44 articles combined from Parents and Today’s Parent that focus on childhood vaccinations. Throughout the articles children were continually presented as vulnerable, and parents were presented as being responsible caretakers. In addition, a shift was noted where parents were expected to become experts themselves about vaccinations, instead …

The Association Between Latent Tuberculosis Infection And Diabetes Mellitus Control In The United States, Whitney L. Remy

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

Rationale: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is recognized as a common comorbid condition for tuberculosis (TB). Those with comorbid conditions are more likely to develop active TB, to have trouble with treatment, and to have more severe symptoms.

Objective: To measure the prevalence and distribution of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and DM control in the United State and test their association when measured by tuberculin skin test (TST) or QuantiFERON®-TB Gold In-Tube blood test (QFT-GIT) and by HbA1c, respectively. Literature Review: One-third of the world population is infected with TB. Ten percent of TB cases worldwide are linked to diabetes mellitus. Studies …

Genomic Insights Into The Ixodes Scapularis Tick Vector Of Lyme Disease, Monika Gulia-Nuss, Andrew B. Nuss, Jason M. Meyer, Daniel E. Sonenshine, R. Michael Roe, Robert M. Waterhouse, David B. Sattelle, Jose De La Fuente, Jose M. Ribeiro, Karine Megy

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Ticks transmit more pathogens to humans and animals than any other arthropod. We describe the 2.1 Gbp nuclear genome of the tick, Ixodes scapularis (Say), which vectors pathogens that cause Lyme disease, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, babesiosis and other diseases. The large genome reflects accumulation of repetitive DNA, new lineages of retro-transposons, and gene architecture patterns resembling ancient metazoans rather than pancrustaceans. Annotation of scaffolds representing ~57% of the genome, reveals 20,486 protein-coding genes and expansions of gene families associated with tick-host interactions. We report insights from genome analyses into parasitic processes unique to ticks, including host 'questing', prolonged feeding, cuticle …

Early Identification And Prevention Of The Spread Of Ebola - United States, Chris A. Van Beneden, Harald Pietz, Robert D. Kirkcaldy, Lisa M. Koonin, Timothy M. Uyeki, Alexandra M. Oster, Deborah A. Levy, Maleeka Glover, Matthew J. Arduino, Toby L. Merlin, David T. Kuhar, Christine Kosmos, Beth P. Bell

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

In response to the 2014-2016 Ebola virus disease (Ebola) epidemic in West Africa, CDC prepared for the potential introduction of Ebola into the United States. The immediate goals were to rapidly identify and isolate any cases of Ebola, prevent transmission, and promote timely treatment of affected patients. CDC's technical expertise and the collaboration of multiple partners in state, local, and municipal public health departments; health care facilities; emergency medical services; and U.S. government agencies were essential to the domestic preparedness and response to the Ebola epidemic and relied on longstanding partnerships. CDC established a comprehensive response that included two new …

Reforming Healthcare Reform, Jacqueline Fox

University of Richmond Law Review

No abstract provided.

Tick-, Mosquito-, And Rodent-Bourne Parasite Sampling Designs For The National Ecological Observatory Network, Yuri Springer, David Hoekman, Pieter T.J. Johnson, Paul A. Duffy, Rebecca A. Hufft, Holly D. Gaff

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Parasites and pathogens are increasingly recognized as significant drivers of ecological and evolutionary change in natural ecosystems. Concurrently, transmission of infectious agents among human, livestock, and wildlife populations represents a growing threat to veterinary and human health. In light of these trends and the scarcity of long-term time series data on infection rates among vectors and reservoirs, the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) will collect measurements and samples of a suite of tick-, mosquito-, and rodent-borne parasites through a continental-scale surveillance program. Here, we describe the sampling designs for these efforts, highlighting sampling priorities, field and analytical methods, and the …

Safety And Immunogenicity Of Human Serum Albumin-Free Mmr Vaccine In Us Children Aged 12-15 Months., Maurice A. Mufson, Clemente Diaz, Michael Leonardi, Christopher J. Harrison, Stanley Grogg, Antonio Carbayo, Simon Carlo-Torres, Robert Jeanfreau, Ana Quintero-Del-Rio, Gisele Bautista, Michael Povey, Christopher Da Costa, Ouzama Nicholson, Bruce L. Innis

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: M-M-R(TM)II (MMRII; Merck & Co) is currently the only measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine licensed in the United States. Another licensed vaccine would reinforce MMR supply. This study assessed the immunogenicity of a candidate vaccine (Priorix(TM), GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines [MMR-RIT]) when used as a first dose among eligible children in the United States.

METHODS: In this exploratory Phase-2, multicenter, observer-blind study, 1220 healthy subjects aged 12-15 months were randomized (3:3:3:3) and received 1 dose of 1 of 3 MMR-RIT lots with differing mumps virus titers (MMR-RIT-1 [4.8 log10]; MMR-RIT-2 [4.1 log10]; MMR-RIT-3 [3.7 log10] CCID50) or MMRII co-administered with hepatitis A vaccine …

The Pros And Cons Of Sick Pay Schemes: Testing For Contagious Presenteeism And Shirking Behavior, Stefan Pichler, Nicolas R. Ziebarth

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

This paper proposes a test for the existence and degree of contagious presenteeism and negative externalities in sickness insurance schemes. First, we theoretically decompose moral hazard into shirking and contagious presenteeism behavior and derive testable conditions. Then, we implement the test exploiting German sick pay reforms and administrative industry-level data on certified sick leave by diagnoses. The labor supply adjustment for contagious diseases is significantly smaller than for noncontagious diseases. Lastly, using Google Flu data and the staggered implementation of U.S. sick leave reforms, we show that flu rates decrease after employees gain access to paid sick leave.

Macrolide-Resistant Mycoplasma Pneumoniae, United States, Xiaotian Zheng, Stella Lee, Rangaraj Selvarangan, Xuan Qin, Yi Wei Tang, Jeffrey Stiles, Tao Hong, Kathleen Todd, Amy E. Ratliff, Donna M. Crabb, Li Xiao, T. Prescott Atkinson, Ken B. Waites

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

© 2015, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). All rights reserved.

Macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MRMP) is highly prevalent in Asia and is now being reported from Europe. Few data on MRMP are available in the United States. Using genotypic and phenotypic methods, we detected high-level MRMP in 13.2% of 91 M. pneumoniae–positive specimens from 6 US locations.