Digital Commons Network^™

Family Stress Processes Underlying Covid-19-Related Economic Insecurity For Mothers And Fathers And Children's Internalizing Behavior Problems, Joyce Y. Lee, Shawna J. Lee, Sehun Oh, Amy Xu, Angelise Radney, Christina M. Rodriguez

Psychology Faculty Publications

COVID‐19 and its economic fallout have resulted in unprecedented financial insecurity and material hardship for many American families, with a disproportionately negative impact on children and families from socioeconomically disadvantaged contexts. The current study applied the family stress model to examine the family processes underlying pandemic‐related economic insecurity and children's internalizing behaviours. Online survey data from an economically diverse sample of mothers and fathers, who experienced at least one type of pandemic‐related economic insecurity in the United States (N = 259), were collected across two longitudinal time points in the early weeks of COVID‐19: (1) 14 April and (2) 30 …

Willingness To Use Long-Acting Injectable Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (Lai-Prep) Among Black Cisgender Women In The Southern United States, Sylvia Shangani, Jaquetta M. Reeves, Kristin Heron, Jessica M. Sales, Kenneth K. Mugwanya

Psychology Faculty Publications

Background

Long-acting injectable pre-exposure prophylaxis (LAI-PrEP) for HIV prevention may improve adherence for those with concerns with daily pills. Limited data exist on LAI-PrEP acceptability among Black women in the U.S., a population vulnerable to HIV. We assessed willingness to use LAI-PrEP among Black women eligible for PrEP in the Southern U.S.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional online survey of HIV-negative Black women from March to June 2022 in the U.S. South. Participants provided information on sociodemographic characteristics, HIV knowledge, PrEP awareness, and use, stigma, risk perception, medical mistrust, and healthcare access. Multivariate logistic regression models determined factors associated with …

Psychosocial Determinants Of Public Transportation Use Among Brazilian And American Users: An Integrated Modeling Approach, Ingrid Luiza Neto, Hartmut Günther, Bryan E. Porter, Taciano L. Milfont, Pastor Willy Gonzales Taco, Caroline Cardoso Machado

Psychology Faculty Publications

Overreliance on cars can promote individual, environmental, economic and social problems, requiring the development of measures to reduce car use and encourage the use of more sustainable transport options. Contributing to this call, here we report a cross-cultural study conducted in Brazil (n = 312) and the United States (n = 518) investigating the applicability of the model of Bamberg and Möser in predicting the use of public transport. Results indicated the model is equivalent across samples, regarding both the measures and the relations between the variables of the model. Intention strongly predicted self-reported public transport behaviour, explaining 70% of …

Motherhood: An Orphan Of American Politics A Comparative Analysis Of State Actors As Institutions, Kristina Ramskyte-Juszczak

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The political geography of America is relatively unique in the world: the United States is a powerful and wealthy country, but also consists of sub-national actors that retain significant legal powers within their own borders. The political actors in America, at both this smaller level and at the larger Federal level, have uniquely strong institutional power to shape the social and civic life of their citizens. Despite their absolute significance to the survival of their societies, mothers and mothers’ rights have largely been ignored or taken second place to other political issues. As many countries in Europe and other regions …

Invasive Fungal Disease In Solid Organ And Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Recipients, United States, Jeremy A W Gold, Kaitlin Benedict, Elizabeth Sajewski, Tom Chiller, Meghan Lyman, Mitsuru Toda, Jessica S Little, Luis Ostrosky-Zeichner

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Updated benchmark data on invasive fungal disease (IFD) in solid organ transplantation (SOT) and hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) recipients are necessary to increase clinical recognition and inform treatment and prevention strategies. We estimated IFD incidence and potential risk factors in transplant recipients in a large US commercial health insurance database.

Methods: We observed patients who received SOT or HCT during 2018-2022 until IFD development, disenrollment, or database end date (July 31, 2023). We calculated incidence (per 1000 person-years) and time to IFD development, comparing demographic features and underlying conditions for IFD versus non-IFD patients.

Results: Overall, 9143 patients received …

Comparison Of Primary Care Experiences And Outpatient Health Service Utilization Among Black And Latino Homeless-Experienced Veterans: An Analysis Of Patient-Centered Medical Homes, Melissa Chinchilla, Audrey L Jones, Aerin Derussy, Michael F Green, Lillian Gelberg, Alexander S Young, Jack Tsai, Sonya E Gabrielian, Stefan G Kertesz

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Objectives: To examine whether, among persons with recent homeless experience, minoritized clients rate primary care differently from non-minoritized clients in Veterans Affairs (VA) mainstream and homeless tailored clinics, through the largest survey of homeless-experienced Black, White, and Latino Veterans to date.

Methods: Surveys were collected from HEVs in Homeless-tailored Patient-Aligned Care Teams (HPACTs) and mainstream Patient Aligned Care Teams (PACTs; n = 4894). We tested multivariable associations between race/ethnicity, clinic (HPACT vs mainstream-PACT), and their interaction, on care experience ratings and service utilization.

Results: There were no major differences in care ratings by race/ethnicity; medical and social vulnerability factors were …

Racial And Ethnic Disparities In Longitudinal Trajectories Of Cardiovascular Risk Factors In Us Middle-Aged And Older Adults, Matthew E Dupre, Radha Dhingra, Hanzhang Xu, Scott M Lynch, Qing Yang, Cassie Ford, Michael D Green, Ying Xian, Ann Marie Navar, Eric D Peterson

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Racial and ethnic disparities in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors are well-documented. However, racial and ethnic differences in the longitudinal changes among multiple CVD risk factors are unknown.

Methods: We used prospective cohort data of U.S. adults aged ≥50 in the 2006-2016 Health and Retirement Study. Group-based multi-trajectory models characterized age-related trajectories of systolic blood pressure ([BP] mmHg), non-HDL cholesterol (mg/dL), diabetes mellitus (DM), and smoking. Racial and ethnic differences in the multi-trajectory profiles were examined using multinomial logistic regression. Karlson-Holm-Breen methods were used to assess factors contributing to these associations.

Results: Among 10,292 participants (median age: 61), approximately …

Decline In Attrition Rates In United States Pediatric Residency And Fellowship Programs, 2007–2020: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Study, Emma Omoruyi, Greg Russell, Kimberly Montez

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Purpose: Declining fill rates in US pediatric residency and subspecialty programs requires trainee retention. Attrition, defined as transfers, withdrawals, dismissals, unsuccessful completions, or deaths, disrupts program function and impacts the pediatric workforce pipeline. It aims to evaluate attrition trends among pediatric residents and fellows in Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)-accredited programs from 2007 to 2020.

Methods: This repeated cross-sectional study analyzed publicly available ACGME Data Resource Book records. Attrition rates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated overall and by subspecialty. Logistic regression assessed temporal changes; odds ratios (ORs) compared 2020 to 2007.

Results: From 2007-2020, pediatric residents …

National Landscape Of Underrepresented In Medicine Visiting Medical Student Programs In Pediatrics, Tyler K Smith, Rebecca Blankenburg, Ann E Burke, Emma A Omoruyi, Wendla Sensing, Tiffany Ruan, David D Williams, Onyi Oligbo, Lahia Yemane

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Objective: Underrepresented in medicine visiting medical student programs (UIM-VMSPs) have gained popularity across specialties as an intervention to diversify residency programs; however, no study has explored the national landscape of these programs in pediatrics. This study aimed to characterize program components, residency rank and match outcomes, benefits, challenges, and lessons learned about UIM-VMSPs in pediatrics nationally.

Methods: From September to December 2023, the authors conducted a national, cross-sectional, mixed methods study surveying program leaders of UIM-VMSPs identified on the Association of Pediatric Program Directors website. The authors used descriptive statistics to analyze the data and conventional content analysis for free-text …

Peer Support During In Vivo Exposure Homework Increases Likelihood Of Prolonged Exposure Therapy Completion, Melba A Hernandez-Tejada, Madeline J Bruce, Wendy Muzzy, Anna Birks, Giovanni Macedo E Cordeiro, Stephanie M Hart, Stephanie Hamski, Ron Acierno

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Exposure-based treatments such as prolonged exposure therapy (PE) are effective for veterans with PTSD. However, dropout rates as high as 50% are common. The Department of Veterans Affairs employs peers to increase mental health treatment engagement, however peers are not routinely used to help patients complete PE homework assignments. The present study included 109 veterans who decided to drop out from exposure-based treatment after completing seven or fewer sessions and used a randomized controlled design to compare PE treatment completion rates in response to 2 forms of peer support: (1) standard weekly telephone-based peer support vs. (2) peer-assisted in vivo …

Improved Survival And Decreased Cancer Deaths In Young Adults With Cancer After Passage Of The Affordable Care Act Dependent Coverage Expansion, Michael Roth, Clark R Andersen, Amy Berkman, Stuart Siegel, Branko Cuglievan, J Andrew Livingston, Michelle Hildebrandt, Jaime Estrada, Archie Bleyer

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) allowed Americans aged 19-25 years to remain on their parents' health insurance plans until age 26 years (the Dependent Care Expansion [DCE]). Have those with cancer diagnoses benefited?

Methods: The ACE DCE 7-year age range of 19-25 years was compared for changes in cancer survival and mortality before and after enactment of the ACA with groups that were younger and older (in 7-year age spans: ages 12-18 and 26-32 years, respectively). Cancer death data for the entire United States were obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and relative …

Meeting Highlights The 4th Marie Skłodowska-Curie Symposium On Cancer Research And Care: Mechanisms Of Support For Regional & International Collaborations, Pawel Kalinski, Kathleen M Kokolus, Indu Ahluwalia, Mihaela Balu, Łukasz Balwicki, Brygida Baran, Loretta Beine, Mikhail Berezin, Ioana Berindan-Neagoe, Andriy Beznosenko, Blanka Borowiec, Szabolcs Bozsányi, Jonathan Bramson, Brian Czerniecki, Rūta Everatt, Wojciech Fendler, Peter Forsyth, Jeffrey E Gershenwald, Maciej Goniewicz, Khurshid Guru, Andrew Hyland, Smitha James, Iva Kirac, Pawel Koczkodaj, Leszek Kotula, Maciej Łuba, Iwona Ługowska, Elizabeth Luke, Cristian Lungulescu, Sandro Matosevic, Kaushal Nanavati, Michael Nemeth, Karolina Nowak, Katia Noyes, Mark Parascandola, Waldemar Priebe, Piotr Rutkowski, Mukund Seshadri, Christine E Sheffer, Ioana-Miruna Stanciu, Joanna Stanson, Telisa Stewart, Edita Sužiedėlienė, Kęstutis Sužiedėlis, Iryna Tanasiichuk, Anda M Vlad, Wei-Zen Wei, Dylan Williams, Malgorzata Wojtowicz, Tomasz Zdrojewski

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The Marie Skłodowska-Curie Symposia on Cancer Research and Care (MSCS-CRC) promote collaborations between cancer researchers and care providers in the United States, Canada and Central and Eastern European Countries (CEEC) to accelerate the development of new cancer therapies, new strategies for early detection and prevention, and improve cancer care and the quality of life for patients and their families. The 4th MSCS-CRC (September 25-27, 2024, Buffalo, New York) brought together 147 participants from the US, Canada, Croatia, Czechia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania and Ukraine, and involved representatives of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Cancer Institute (NCI) …

Exercise And Nutrition To Improve Cancer Treatment-Related Outcomes (Enicto), Kathryn H Schmitz, Justin C Brown, Melinda L Irwin, Kim Robien, Jessica M Scott, Nathan A Berger, Bette Caan, Andrea Cercek, Tracy E Crane, Scott R Evans, Jennifer A Ligibel, Jeffrey A Meyerhardt, Tanya Agurs-Collins, Karen Basen-Engquist, Jennifer W Bea, Sheng F Cai, Brenda Cartmel, Vernon M Chinchilli, Wendy Demark-Wahnefried, Christina M Dieli-Conwright, Loretta Dipietro, Shawna E Doerksen, Sharon L Edelstein, Joanne Elena, William Evans, Leah M Ferrucci, Julia Foldi, Sarah Freylersythe, Helena Furberg, Lee W Jones, Ross Levine, Chaya S Moskowitz, Cynthia Owusu, Frank Penedo, Borsika A Rabin, Elena Ratner, Margaret Rosenzweig, Talya Salz, Tara Sanft, Matthew Schlumbrecht, Guillaume Spielmann, Cynthia A Thomson, Ashley H Tjaden, Martin R Weiser, Shengping Yang, Anthony F Yu, Frank M Perna, Enicto Consortium

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Chemotherapy treatment-related side effects are common and increase the risk of suboptimal outcomes. Exercise interventions during cancer treatment improve self-reported physical functioning, fatigue, anxiety, and depression, but it is unclear whether these interventions improve important clinical outcomes, such as chemotherapy relative dose intensity. The National Cancer Institute funded the Exercise and Nutrition to Improve Cancer Treatment-Related Outcomes (ENICTO) Consortium to address this knowledge gap. This article describes the mechanisms hypothesized to underpin intervention effects on clinically relevant treatment outcomes, briefly outlines each project's distinct research aims, summarizes the scope and organizational structure of ENICTO, and provides an overview of the …

Description Of All Stages Of A New Tick Species From California Haemaphysalis Vespertina (Acari: Ixodidae), With Redescription Of H. Leporispalustris Packard, 1869 Adults And Phylogenetic Relationships Among Related U.S. Taxa, Andrea Egizi, Santiago Nava, Angie Nakano, Megan E. M. Saunders, Lauren P. Maestas, Autumn D. Angelus, Bruce Noden, Robyn M. Nadolny, Waheed I. Bajwa, Charles Lubelcyzk, Chanakya R. Bhosale, Susan Paskewitz, Holly D. Gaff, Lorenza Beati

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

All active stages of Haemaphysalis vespertina sp. nov. (Acari: Ixodidae), a tick previously identified as H. leporispalustris Packard, 1869, are described from specimens collected on the vegetation and from leporids in California and Oregon. The adults of H. leporispalustris Packard, 1969 are redescribed based on type material. Adults of the two species can be distinguished by their overall size, the dorsal shape of palpal segment II, the number and shape of dorsal and ventral setae on palpal segment II, the number of spurs on coxae II, the length of setae on scutum, legs and coxae, and the pattern of scutal …

Fraud In Genetic Testing: Swindling The System, Rachel Notestine, Claire N Singletary, Meagan Choates, Stephanie Gandomi, Molly Daniels, Rebecca Lunstroth, Quinn Stein

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Purpose: Health care fraud comprises a sizable portion of United States health care expenditure and inflicts undue burden on payors, patients, and the health care system overall. The genetic testing industry is rapidly growing, which propagates opportunities for health care fraud. Although federal organizations have highlighted it as an issue, there is limited research exploring genetic testing fraud.

Methods: A retrospective review of federal websites, news articles, and a legal database resulted in 42 cases of fraud involving outpatient genetic testing published between February 2019 and December 2023. These cases were analyzed for themes via inductive conventional content analysis.

Results: …

Continued Positive Job Search Experience For New Pathologists Seeking First Employment During The Covid-19 Pandemic (2020-2022), Julie Katz Karp, Amanda Lofgreen, Kristen Johnson, Melissa R George, Stephanie Barak, Bronwyn H Bryant, Mary P Berg, John M Childs, Barbara E C Knollman-Ritschel, Victor G Prieto, Kristie L White, Cindy B Mccloskey

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Context.—: As pathologists retire and leave the field, it is critical to accurately capture employment trends for new-in-practice pathologists. There is always interest in the job market for newly graduated pathology trainees and prospective pathology trainees, but it is unclear how the COVID-19 pandemic may have affected the job search experience.

Objective.—: To provide an update on trends gleaned from a survey of pathology graduates' job search experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design.—: We analyzed data from an annual job search survey sent by the College of American Pathologists Graduate Medical Education Committee between 2020 and 2022 to College of …

Disparities In Breast Cancer Detection Modalities And Outcomes Among Geriatric Female Cancer Patients, Zhaoli Liu, Mathilda Nicot-Cartsonis, Biai D E Digbeu, Daoqi Gao, Sharon H Giordano, Yong-Fang Kuo

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

This study examined racial and geographic disparities in breast cancer detection modalities (screening-, diagnostic-, or non-mammography) with cancer stage and mortality. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using Texas Cancer Registry-Medicare linkage data for geriatric women. Cancers detected through screening and diagnostic mammography had 43 % (95 % CI, 39 %-46 %, p < .0001) and 31 % (95 % CI, 27 %-35 %, p < .0001) lower all-cause mortality, and 49 % (95 % CI, 41 %-54 %, p < .0001) and 37 % (95 % CI, 32 %-43 %, p < .0001) lower cancer-specific mortality, respectively, compared to non-mammography-detected breast cancers. Patients from rural areas were 17 % (95 % CI, 1.06 - 1.29) more likely to be diagnosed with mid- (p = .0023) and advanced stage (p = .003) cancers compared to their urban counterparts. Racial or geographic disparities in cancer detection modalities with associated mortality no longer exist after adjusting for covariates. Healthcare professionals can leverage these findings to promote rural cancer health equity.

Changes In Cardiovascular Risk Factors And Health Care Expenditures Among Patients Prescribed Semaglutide, Yuan Lu, Yuntian Lu, Tedi Totojani, Chungsoo Kim, Rohan Khera, Hua Xu, John E. Brush Jr., Harlan M. Krumholtz, Jason Abaluck

Department of Medicine Faculty Publications

Importance Semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, has demonstrated substantial weight reduction and cardiovascular benefits in clinical trials. However, its association with clinical outcomes and health care expenditures remains underexplored.

Objective To evaluate changes in cardiovascular risk factors and health care expenditures among patients prescribed semaglutide across multicenter cohorts.

Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective cohort study included 23 522 adults (≥18 years) who received an initial semaglutide prescription between January 1, 2018, and January 1, 2025, at Sentara Healthcare and between January 1, 2018, and May 1, 2025, at Yale New Haven Health System.

Exposure The first prescription of …

The State Of Local Anaesthetic Systemic Toxicity In 2025: The Emergence Of Lidocaine As Our Next Challenge, Eric Schwenk, J Robert Sneyd, Christopher Wu

More Faculty of Health Research

Local anaesthetics are an integral part of surgical and medical practice, but their systemic uptake can result in local anaesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST). A recent study by Fettiplace and colleagues examined the US Food and Drug administration’s Adverse Events Reporting System between 1968 and 2023. Although the reporting of death from longacting local anaesthetics decreased after the publication of relevant practice advisories, Fettiplace and colleagues also found that deaths from lidocaine remained essentially unchanged. The emergence of lidocaine as the leading reported cause of deaths attributable to LAST was unexpected, and the reasons behind the relatively higher number of deaths …

The Potential For Albedo-Induced Climate Mitigation Using No-Till Management In Midwestern U.S. Croplands, Xian Wang, Mallory Barnes, Landon Yoder, Christopher A. Williams, Jennifer Tank, Todd Royer, Shellye Suttles, Kim Novick

Geography

No-till management is often recognized for its environmental and economic benefits, but its potential to reduce climate warming is still uncertain. Beyond ongoing debate over its effects on soil carbon storage, no-till also leaves plant residue on the surface, which can reflect more sunlight. This increase in surface reflectivity, called albedo, may help mitigate climate change by reducing the energy absorbed by the land. Here, we assessed this climate benefit of no-till across the U.S. Corn Belt using conservation survey records, county-level tillage data, and satellite observations. We found that no-till increased land surface brightness during the dormant season, reducing …

Investigative Genetic Genealogy Practices Warranting Policy Attention: Results Of A Modified Policy Delphi, Christi J Guerrini, Louiza Kalokairinou, Jill O Robinson, Whitney Bash Brooks, Stephanie M Fullerton, Sara Huston, Jacklyn Dahlquist, Diana Madden, Norah Crossnohere, Nicola Campoamor, John F P Bridges, Amy L Mcguire

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

A technique known as investigative genetic genealogy (IGG) was first introduced to criminal investigations in 2018, and it has since been used by U.S. law enforcement to help identify hundreds of criminal perpetrators and unidentified human remains. As expertise in IGG grows, policymakers have shown interest in regulating it. To help inform these efforts and to promote coherence in IGG governance as it expands, we recruited experts representing a spectrum of IGG-relevant professions and perspectives to identify and prioritize IGG practices for policy attention and to develop policy options for addressing them. In two rounds of a modified policy Delphi, …

Debt Decisions: The Effects Of Paying For College In The United States With Student Loans, Kim E. Bullington, David J. Thomas, Minghui Hou, William L. Nuckols, Dennis E. Gregory, Joshua L. Howell, Kaycee L. Bills, Amy-Leah Joaquim

Educational Leadership & Workforce Development Faculty Publications

Student loans have increasingly become a burden on individuals. This qualitative analysis explores how structural inequities and financial literacy gaps influence U.S. student loan borrowers’ decisions to finance postsecondary education. The study highlights racial and economic disparities examining participants’ reflections on debt aversion and systemic barriers to equitable access. We asked why participants took out Federal student loans, asked about their decision processes when taking on debt, whether participants took any action to reduce accumulated debt, and if they’d made any discoveries about their decisions to take on student loan debt. After coding and a thematic analysis, five themes and …

Advancing Medical Applications Of Cancer Nanotechnology: Highlighting Two Decades Of The Nci's Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory Service To The Research Community, Rachael M Crist, Yechezkel Barenholz, Ahuva Cern, Kate N Clark, Pieter R Cullis, Cheryl Dean, Neil Desai, Mauro Ferrari, Matthieu Germain, Carmen A Giacomantonio, Emma Grabarnik, Piotr Grodzinski, Atara Hod, Barry E Kennedy, Ruvanthi N Kularatne, Glen S Kwon, Emmanuel Loeb, Erin B Noftall, Len Pagliaro, Morteza Rasoulianboroujeni, Alexander Roth, Darren Rowles, Kulbir Singh, Nicole F Steinmetz, Zhanna Yehtina, Yao Zhang, Daniel Zilbersheid, Jeffrey D Clogston, Stephan T Stern, Marina A Dobrovolskaia

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

The Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory (NCL) is a US federally funded resource providing characterization and expertise to the cancer nanomedicine research community. Founded as a formal partnership among the US National Cancer Institute (NCI), the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), the NCL has spent two decades developing a one-of-a-kind service with broad multidisciplinary expertise to meet the needs of a rapidly evolving drug development field. To mark the 20th anniversary of the lab's founding, the NCL hosted a symposium to highlight the achievements of the cancer nanomedicine field, showcase novel, …

Research For All: Building A Diverse Researcher Community For The All Of Us Research Program, Rubin Baskir, Minnkyong Lee, Sydney J Mcmaster, Jessica Lee, Faith Blackburne-Proctor, Romuladus Azuine, Nakia Mack, Sheri D Schully, Martin Mendoza, Janeth Sanchez, Yong Crosby, Erica Zumba, Michael Hahn, Naomi Aspaas, Ahmed Elmi, Shanté Alerté, Elizabeth Stewart, Danielle Wilfong, Meag Doherty, Margaret M Farrell, Grace B Hébert, Sula Hood, Cheryl M Thomas, Debra D Murray, Brendan Lee, Louisa A Stark, Megan A Lewis, Jen D Uhrig, Laura R Bartlett, Edgar Gil Rico, Adolph Falcón, Elizabeth Cohn, Mitchell R Lunn, Juno Obedin-Maliver, Linda Cottler, Milton Eder, Fornessa T Randal, Jason Karnes, Kitani Lemieux, Nelson Lemieux, Nelson Lemieux, Lilanta Bradley, Ronnie Tepp, Meredith Wilson, Monica Rodriguez, Chris Lunt, Karriem Watson

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

OBJECTIVES: The NIH All of Us Research Program (All of Us) is engaging a diverse community of more than 10 000 registered researchers using a robust engagement ecosystem model. We describe strategies used to build an ecosystem that attracts and supports a diverse and inclusive researcher community to use the All of Us dataset and provide metrics on All of Us researcher usage growth.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Researcher audiences and diversity categories were defined to guide a strategy. A researcher engagement strategy was codeveloped with program partners to support a researcher engagement ecosystem. An adapted ecological model guided the ecosystem …

Cervical Cancer Prevention Behaviors In Young Black Women, Angela J Johnson, Monica J Johnson, Juinell B Williams, Emma Muscari, Laura Palmo, Michelle Ruiz, Brianna Bush, Lisa C Campbell

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: In the United States, Black women have the second highest incidence of cervical cancer (CC) due to high incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV), slow HPV clearance rates, and low receipt of preventive pap smears and vaccines.

Objective: A Black Feminist Thought framework was used to examine how the media portrayal of Black women, racial identity, and familial factors impact CC prevention behaviors among young Black women.

Design: Black women enrolled at a large southeastern university consented and participated in an online mixed-methods survey examining facilitators and barriers to CC prevention behaviors. Quantitative items were analyzed via descriptive statistics, and …

Impact Of An Electronic Medical Record Quality Improvement Intervention On Helicobacter Pylori Treatment And Eradication Rates In A U.S. Hospital System, Shivani Kastuar, Samanthika Devalaraju, Juan Gomez Cifuentes, Hashem B El-Serag, Mimi C Tan

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: In this pre- and post-intervention quality improvement (QI) study, the impact of an electronic medical record (EMR) order set for Helicobacter pylori treatment was assessed. We evaluated changes in optimal treatment regimen usage, eradication testing, and successful eradication rates based on the intervention.

Materials and methods: Data were collected from patients within the Harris Health System (Houston, TX) with H. pylori infection. The pre-intervention cohort included patients with a positive H. pylori test from January to February 2022. An EMR order set for H. pylori treatment implemented in May 2022 included optimal treatment recommendations using local antibiotic resistance patterns …

Recognition And Management Of Persistent Chylomicronemia: A Joint Expert Clinical Consensus By The National Lipid Association And The American Society For Preventive Cardiology, Seyedmohammad Saadatagah, Miriam Larouche, Mohammadreza Naderian, Vijay Nambi, Diane Brisson, Iftikhar J Kullo, P Barton Duell, Erin D Michos, Michael D Shapiro, Gerald F Watts, Daniel Gaudet, Christie M Ballantyne

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Extreme hypertriglyceridemia, defined as triglyceride (TG) levels ≥1000 mg/dL, is almost always indicative of chylomicronemia. The current diagnostic approach categorizes individuals with chylomicronemia into familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS; prevalence 1-10 per million), caused by the biallelic combination of pathogenic variants that impair the lipolytic action of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), or multifactorial chylomicronemia syndrome (MCS, 1 in 500). A pragmatic framework should emphasize the severity of the phenotype and the risk of complications. Therefore, we endorse the term "persistent chylomicronemia (PC)" defined as TG ≥1000 mg/dL in more than half of the measurements to encompass patients with the highest risk for …

Lipoprotein(A) Levels In A Population With Clinical Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease In The United States: A Subanalysis From The Lp(A)Heritage Study, Michael D Shapiro, Tariq M Haddad, Howard S Weintraub, Seth J Baum, Khaled Abdul-Nour, Samiha Sarwat, Vadim Paluy, Wess Boatwright, Auris Browne, Imran Ayaz, Cheryl A Abbas, Christie M Ballantyne

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Elevated lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]) is the most common inherited dyslipidemia that is independently and causally associated with increased atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk. However, data from diverse populations with ASCVD are lacking.

Objective: To evaluate Lp(a) levels in a diverse, contemporary United States (US) population with ASCVD, stratified by race, ethnicity, and sex.

Methods: Lp(a)HERITAGE (NCT03887520) was a multicenter study that estimated the prevalence of elevated Lp(a) in adults (18-80 years) with ASCVD. US participants with Lp(a) measured in nmol/L pre- or post-enrollment were included in this subanalysis. This study was descriptive; therefore, no statistical comparisons were made. …

Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitor And Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Discontinuation In Patients With Ckd, L Parker Gregg, Peter A Richardson, Vijay Nambi, Laura A Petersen, Michael E Matheny, Salim S Virani, Sankar D Navaneethan

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Key Points:

1. Treatment discontinuation is common among patients with CKD prescribed sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors (discontinued in 37%) or glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA; discontinued in 47%).

2. Discontinuation of SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 RA was associated with recent hospitalizations, Black race, Hispanic ethnicity, and vascular disease.

3. Discontinuation of both agents was associated with death and cardiovascular events.

Background: Little is known about the association of discontinuation of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) with outcomes in patients with CKD.

Methods: We identified adults with CKD stages 3–4 from 2005 to 2022 in the Veterans …

Eradication Rates Of Empiric Helicobacter Pylori Treatment Regimens By Race/Ethnicity In A Predominantly Immigrant Us Population, Min J Kim, Isiah Gonzalez, Nia M Choi, David Y Graham, Hashem B El-Serag, Mimi C Tan

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Helicobacter pylori infections are mostly treated empirically (without antibiotic susceptibility testing). Determining eradication rates of different treatment regimens can inform antibiotic resistance. Our aim was to examine eradication rates of empiric H. pylori treatments based on treatment regimen, race/ethnicity and previous treatment status in a multiethnic U.S.

Materials and methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study of patients with a positive H. pylori test from 7/2021 to 4/2022 at Harris Health (Houston, Texas) who had received treatment and eradication testing within 1 year. We compared eradication rates based on treatment regimen, race/ethnicity, and prior treatment and examined other possible …