Digital Commons Network^™

"A Double-Edged Sword": A Brief History Of Genomic Data Governance And Genetic Researcher Perspectives On Data Sharing, Kayte Spector-Bagdady, Kerry A Ryan, Amy L Mcguire, Chris D Krenz, M Grace Trinidad, Kaitlyn Jaffe, Amanda Greene, J Denard Thomas, Madison Kent, Stephanie Morain, David Wilborn, J Scott Roberts

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

As the federal government continues to expand upon and improve its data sharing policies over the past 20 years, complex challenges remain. Our interviews with U.S. academic genetic researchers (n=23) found that the burden, translation, industry limitations, and consent structure of data sharing remain major governance challenges.

Regulator Preferences And Underinvestment In Drinking Water Infrastructure, Chunyu Guo

Electronic Theses & Dissertations (2024 - present)

The infrastructure of U.S. drinking water systems faces chronic issues of low quality and underinvestment. As the water utilities in the U.S. are typically managed and regulated at the local municipal level, investment levels depend on the municipal regulator's preferences. Drawing from a dynamic framework, I specify and estimate the local regulators' objective function over drinking water infrastructure investment. This framework highlights the tradeoff between profit and consumer surplus and reveals how regulator preferences can deviate from net surplus optimization, resulting in underinvestment. My findings provide significant evidence that the drinking water infrastructure is underinvested. I reveal that the regulator's …

Ypfs Lessons Learned Oral History Project: An Interview With Zoltan Pozsar, Zoltan Pozsar, Sandra Ward

Documents

No abstract provided.

Ypfs Lessons Learned Oral History Project: An Interview With John Oros, John Oros, Mary Anne Chute Lynch

Documents

No abstract provided.

Ypfs Lessons Learned Oral History Project: An Interview With Clay Lowery, Clay Lowery, Yasemin Sim Esmen

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No abstract provided.

Ypfs Lessons Learned Oral History Project: An Interview With William English, William B. English, Sandra Ward

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No abstract provided.

Harm Reduction In Undergraduate And Graduate Medical Education: A Systematic Scoping Review, Kelsey R. Smith, Nina K. Shah, Abby L. Adamczyk, Lara C. Weinstein, Erin L. Kelly

Department of Family & Community Medicine Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Substance use increasingly contributes to early morbidity and mortality, which necessitates greater preparation of the healthcare workforce to mitigate its harm. The purpose of this systematic scoping review is to: 1) review published curricula on harm reduction for substance use implemented by undergraduate (UME) and graduate medical education (GME) in the United States and Canada, 2) develop a framework to describe a comprehensive approach to harm reduction medical education, and 3) propose additional content topics for future consideration.

METHODS: PubMed, Scopus, ERIC: Education Resources Information Center (Ovid), and MedEdPORTAL were searched. Studies included any English language curricula about harm …

Ypfs Lessons Learned Oral History Project: An Interview With Michele Davis, Michele Davis, Mercedes Cardona

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No abstract provided.

Aspirin And Nonaspirin Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drug Use And Occurrence Of Colorectal Adenoma In Black American Women, Lauren E Barber, Kimberly A Bertrand, Shanshan Sheehy, Laura F White, Hemant K Roy, Lynn Rosenberg, Julie R Palmer, Jessica L Petrick

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Evidence suggests that aspirin use reduces the occurrence of colorectal neoplasia. Few studies have investigated the association among Black Americans, who are disproportionately burdened by the disease. We assessed aspirin use in relation to colorectal adenoma among Black women. The Black Women's Health Study is a prospective cohort of self-identified Black American women established in 1995. Participants reported regular aspirin use on baseline and follow-up questionnaires. Beginning in 1999, participants reported undergoing a colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy, the only procedures through which colorectal adenomas can be diagnosed. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals …

Deployment And Assessment Of A Deep Learning Model For Real-Time Detection Of Anal Precancer With High Frame Rate High-Resolution Microendoscopy, David Brenes, Alex Kortum, Jackson Coole, Jennifer Carns, Richard Schwarz, Imran Vohra, Rebecca Richards-Kortum, Yuxin Liu, Zhenjian Cai, Keith Sigel, Sharmila Anandasabapathy, Michael Gaisa, Elizabeth Chiao

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Anal cancer incidence is significantly higher in people living with HIV as HIV increases the oncogenic potential of human papillomavirus. The incidence of anal cancer in the United States has recently increased, with diagnosis and treatment hampered by high loss-to-follow-up rates. Novel methods for the automated, real-time diagnosis of AIN 2+ could enable "see and treat" strategies, reducing loss-to-follow-up rates. A previous retrospective study demonstrated that the accuracy of a high-resolution microendoscope (HRME) coupled with a deep learning model was comparable to expert clinical impression for diagnosis of AIN 2+ (sensitivity 0.92 [P = 0.68] and specificity 0.60 [P = …

Haitian Climate Migrants: Heralds Of The United States’ Unprepared Immigration System, Noah Rust

University of Miami Inter-American Law Review

This note explores the complex relationship between climate change and Human migration, and the ensuing complications for the United States immigration scheme. Climate change can both directly and indirectly contribute to human migration, yet the United States’ regulatory scheme is unprepared for this reality and its consequences. Through analyzing several separate migratory events in Haiti, the specific failures of the United States status quo immigration systems become clearer. Further, the note will identify frameworks that could offer relief to climate-related migrants.

The Intersection Of Foreign Influence And Democratization: A Case Study Of Eurasian Powers Influence On Belarus’ Democratic Movement Since 2020, Dalton Xavier Maggs

Undergraduate Honors Theses

In 2020, the world took notice of Belarus’ dictator, Alexander Lukashenko’s brutal repression of the Belarusian people, demonstrating their wish to topple his hybrid authoritarian regime to make way for a liberated and democratic Belarus. While that wish has yet to be achieved, the question of “How do the regional powers of Eurasia influence the internal democratization struggle of Belarus?” has been vital to understanding geopolitics over the past three years. Through analysis of government reports, statements, and interviews with experts in the Eurasian region, I showcase the foreign policies of the U.S., EU, Russia, and China relating to Belarus. …

Systemic Resolution Advisory Committee Meeting Transcript, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (Fdic): Systemic Resolution Advisory Committee

Documents

No abstract provided.

Wildland Fires Worsened Population Exposure To Pm25 Pollution In The Contiguous United States, Danlu Zhang, Wenhao Wang, Yuzhi Xi, Jianzhao Bi, Yun Hang, Qingyang Zhu, Qiang Pu, Howard Chang, Yang Liu

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

As wildland fires become more frequent and intense, fire smoke has significantly worsened the ambient air quality, posing greater health risks. to better understand the impact of wildfire smoke on air quality, we developed a modeling system to estimate daily PM

County-Level Cardiologist Density And Mortality In The United States, Abdul Mannan Khan Minhas, Purvi Parwani, Marat Fudim, Salim S Virani, Sadiya S Khan, Michael W Cullen, Arunima Misra, Christie Ballantyne, Vijay Nambi, Dmitry Abramov

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

No abstract provided.

The United States And The Need For An Improved Global Citizenship In The Twenty-First Century: How History Shaped Our Identity As A Nation, Karin Mika

Cleveland State Law Review

This Article describes how accidents of geography and history enabled the United States to become the global power that it has become. It examines how the extended warring in Europe during the Eighteenth and Nineteenth century allowed the United States to develop as a country without the repeated necessity of continually rebuilding, as was happening in Europe. The Article explores how the isolation of the United States enabled it to develop continuity in its initially experimental political system—a continuity that was never available to Europe. These factors enabled the United States to be in the position of being able to …

Puerto Ricans In The United States 2022, Center For Puerto Rican Studies

CUNY Centro, The Center for Puerto Rican Studies

No abstract provided.

Hispanics In The United States 2022, Center For Puerto Rican Studies

CUNY Centro, The Center for Puerto Rican Studies

No abstract provided.

Sars-Cov-2 Epidemiology And Covid-19 Mrna Vaccine Effectiveness Among Infants And Children Aged 6 Months-4 Years - New Vaccine Surveillance Network, United States, July 2022-September 2023., Ayzsa Tannis, Janet A. Englund, Ariana Perez, Elizabeth J. Harker, Mary Allen Staat, Elizabeth P. Schlaudecker, Natasha B. Halasa, Laura S. Stewart, John V. Williams, Marian G. Michaels, Rangaraj Selvarangan, Jennifer E. Schuster, Leila C. Sahni, Julie A. Boom, Geoffrey A. Weinberg, Peter G. Szilagyi, Benjamin R. Clopper, Yingtao Zhou, Meredith L. Mcmorrow, Eileen J. Klein, Heidi L. Moline

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

SARS-CoV-2 infection in young children is often mild or asymptomatic; however, some children are at risk for severe disease. Data describing the protective effectiveness of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines against COVID-19-associated emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalization in this population are limited. Data from the New Vaccine Surveillance Network, a prospective population-based surveillance system, were used to estimate vaccine effectiveness using a test-negative, case-control design and describe the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in infants and children aged 6 months-4 years during July 1, 2022-September 30, 2023. Among 7,434 children included, 5% received a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result, and 95% received a negative …

Federal Financing Bank, Wikipedia

Documents

No abstract provided.

Characteristics And Outcomes Of Patients With Pregnancy-Related End-Stage Kidney Disease., Lauren Kucirka, Ana Angarita, Tracy Manuck, Kim Boggess, Vimal Derebail, Mollie Wood, Michelle Meyer, Dorry Segev, Monica Reynolds

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty Papers

IMPORTANCE: The incidence of pregnancy-related acute kidney injury is increasing and is associated with significant maternal morbidity including progression to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Little is known about characteristics and long-term outcomes of patients who develop pregnancy-related ESKD.

OBJECTIVES: To examine the characteristics and clinical outcomes of patients with pregnancy-related ESKD and to investigate associations between pre-ESKD nephrology care and outcomes.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This was a cohort study of 183 640 reproductive-aged women with incident ESKD between January 1, 2000, and November 20, 2020, from the US Renal Data System and maternal data from births captured in the …

Case Sampling Vs Universal Review For Evaluating Hospital Postoperative Mortality In Us Surgical Quality Improvement Programs, Vivi W Chen, Alexis P Chidi, Tracey Rosen, Yongquan Dong, Peter A Richardson, Jennifer Kramer, David A Axelrod, Laura A Petersen, Nader N Massarweh

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

IMPORTANCE: Representative surgical case sampling, rather than universal review, is used by US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and private-sector national surgical quality improvement (QI) programs to assess program performance and to inform local QI and performance improvement efforts. However, it is unclear whether case sampling is robust for identifying hospitals with safety or quality concerns.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether the sampling strategy used by several national surgical QI programs provides hospitals with data that are representative of their overall quality and safety, as measured by 30-day mortality.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This comparative effectiveness study was a national, hospital-level …

Impact Of Routine Urine Cultures On Antibiotic Usage In Those Undergoing A Routine Annual Spinal Cord Injury Evaluation, Sarah May, Annette Walder, Casey Hines-Munson, Ivy Poon, S Ann Holmes, Charlesnika T Evans, Barbara W Trautner, Felicia Skelton

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

OBJECTIVE: The Veterans Health Administration (VHA), the largest single provider of spinal cord injury and disorder (SCI/D) care in the United States, currently mandates that every patient receives a screening urine culture during the annual evaluation, a yearly comprehensive history and physical examination. This testing has shown in a small subset of patients to overidentify asymptomatic bacteriuria that is then inappropriately treated with antibiotics. The objective of the current analysis was to assess the association of the annual evaluation on urine testing and antibiotic treatment in a national sample of Veterans with SCI/D.

DESIGN/METHOD: A retrospective cohort study using national …

Twenty Years Of Capacity Building Across The Cancer Prevention And Control Research Network, Mary Wangen, Cam Escoffery, Maria E Fernandez, Daniela B Friedman, Peggy Hannon, Linda K Ko, Annette E Maxwell, Courtney Petagna, Betsy Risendal, Catherine Rohweder, Jennifer Leeman

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

PURPOSE: to improve population health, community members need capacity (i.e., knowledge, skills, and tools) to select and implement evidence-based interventions (EBIs) to fit the needs of their local settings. Since 2002, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has funded the national Cancer Prevention and Control Research Network (CPCRN) to accelerate the implementation of cancer prevention and control EBIs in communities. The CPCRN has developed multiple strategies to build community members' capacity to implement EBIs. This paper describes the history of CPCRN's experience developing and lessons learned through the use of five capacity-building strategies: (1) mini-grant programs, (2) training, (3) …

Case Report: Durable Response Of Gliomatosis Cerebri With Concurrent Tumor-Treating Fields (Ttfields) And Chemoradiotherapy Treatment, Alex M. Desjarlais, Ryan C. Miller, Ayesha S. Ali, Muneeb Z. Niazi, Louis Cappelli, Jon Glass, Christopher J. Farrell, Wenyin Shi

Department of Radiation Oncology Faculty Papers

Background: Gliomatosis cerebri (GC) is a rare and aggressive form of widely disseminated glioma infiltrating at least 3 lobes of the brain. It is a diffuse pattern of growth seen in glioma rather than a distinct pathological diagnosis based on new Word Health Organization (WHO) classification. Despite this, it is associated with worse prognosis than equally graded gliomas. Tumor treating fields (TTFields) treatment is a more recent advancement in glioma treatment delivered through low energy, intermediate frequency (200 kHz) electromagnetic fields, with multi-modal mechanisms of action. It is Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved for newly diagnosed and recurrent glioblastoma …

Psychological Effects Of Immigration: A Comprehensive Review Exploring Social Identity, Acculturation And The Effects Of Cultural Attitudes And Systemic Factors On The Well-Being Of Immigrants, Huda Abu Nasab

Honors Program: Senior Projects (Public)

Immigration is a life-altering experience that can greatly affect an individual's identity, sense of belongingness, and well-being. The United States is known as a nation of immigrants; however, many immigrants have faced challenges related to assimilation and the development of their social identities in a new society. For example, immigration challenges often include adapting to a new culture, learning a different language, and navigating unfamiliar healthcare and educational systems. There are many factors that influence how immigrants adjust in their host country, such as acculturation challenges, cultural attitudes towards immigrants, and the availability of essential resources. This literature review aims …

Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion Of The Aorta And Resuscitative Thoracotomy Are Associated With Similar Outcomes In Traumatic Cardiac Arrest, Ezra Y Koh, Erin E Fox, Charles E Wade, Thomas M Scalea, Charles J Fox, Ernest E Moore, Bryan C Morse, Kenji Inaba, Eileen M Bulger, David E Meyer

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) is a minimally invasive alternative to resuscitative thoracotomy (RT) for patients with hemorrhagic shock. However, the potential benefits of this approach remain subject of debate. The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of REBOA and RT for traumatic cardiac arrest.

Methods: A planned secondary analysis of the United States Department of Defense-funded Emergent Truncal Hemorrhage Control study was performed. Between 2017 and 2018, a prospective observational study of noncompressible torso hemorrhage was conducted at six Level I trauma centers. Patients were dichotomized by REBOA or RT, and baseline …

Quantitative Analysis Of Anesthesia Utilization In Ambulatory Hand Surgery, Lucas P Bowen, Dean W Smith, Jacob Siahaan

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Though evidence demonstrating benefits of local anesthetic continues to compound, a consensus among surgeons regarding optimal anesthetic modality has not been reached. General and regional anesthetic may still be preferred for patient anxiety, concomitant procedures, increased complexity, or poor patient pain tolerance. Therefore, the primary purpose of this study was to analyze trends in anesthetic utilization using a large-scale state healthcare database for common outpatient hand procedures. We hypothesize that over the 10 years between 2010-2019, local anesthetic [including Wide-Awake Local Anesthesia with no Tourniquet (WALANT)] utilization use for common hand procedures has increased, while the use of general …

Exposure To Climate Change Information Predicts Public Support For Solar Geoengineering In Singapore And The United States, Sonny Rosenthal, Peter J. Irvine, Christopher L. Cummings, Shirley S. Ho

Research Collection College of Integrative Studies

Solar geoengineering is a controversial climate policy measure that could lower global temperature by increasing the amount of light reflected by the Earth. As scientists and policymakers increasingly consider this idea, an understanding of the level and drivers of public support for its research and potential deployment will be key. This study focuses on the role of climate change information in public support for research and deployment of stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) in Singapore (n = 503) and the United States (n = 505). Findings were consistent with the idea that exposure to information underlies support for research and deployment. …

Association Of The Covid-19 Pandemic With Women, Infants, And Children (Wic) Receipt Among Pregnant Individuals: United States, 2016-2022, Savannah Busch, Jennifer A Andersen, Don E Willis, Pearl Anna Mcelfish, Sharon Reece, Dominique Dubois, Clare C Brown

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Objectives. To evaluate the effect of COVID-19 on Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) receipt among pregnant individuals overall and by race/ethnicity.

Methods. We measured changes in WIC receipt among Medicaid-covered births (n = 10 484 697) from the US National Center for Health Statistics Natality Files (2016–2022). Our interrupted time series logistic model included a continuous monthly variable, a binary post-COVID variable, and a continuous slope shift variable. We additionally fit separate models for each race/ethnicity relative to White individuals, using interaction terms between the time series variables and race/ethnicity.

Results. We found decreases in …