Digital Commons Network^™

Prenatal And Pediatric Oral Health Education Among Dental Hygiene Programs In The United States, Denise M. Claiborne, Shillpa Naavaal

Dental Hygiene Faculty Publications

Purpose: Health care and dental providers must be prepared to address the oral health needs of mothers and children in order to reduce the burden of dental disease in these populations. The purpose of this study was to describe the curriculum and clinical experiences related to prenatal and pediatric oral health in the university and community college dental hygiene programs in the United States (US).

Methods: Dental hygiene program directors (PDs) from across the US were invited to participate in a cross-sectional electronic survey regarding the prenatal and pediatric oral health curriculum at their institution. In addition to program characteristics, …

Analysis Of The Influence Of Cryptocurrency Regulation On Levels Of Financial Literacy, Kieran C. Yuen

Dissertations and Theses

Using data collected by the National Financial Capability Study (NFCS), a survey by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA), this paper investigates the influence of passage of cryptocurrency regulation in U.S. states on levels of financial literacy. Results indicate that living in a state where cryptocurrency regulation was signed into law, a decrease was observed in the level of financial literacy. This finding supports the growing literature on factors that affect levels of financial literacy using a novel exogenous variable, cryptocurrency regulation.

How Do Low-Income Single-Mothers Get By When Unemployment Strikes: Patterns Of Multiple Program Participation After Transition From Employment To Unemployment, Chi-Fang Wu, Yu-Ling Chang, Soohyun Yoon, Salma Musaad

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Little is known about longitudinal patterns of welfare program participation among single mothers after they transition from employment to unemployment. To better understand how utilization patterns of these welfare programs may change during the 12 months after a job loss, we used the 2008 Survey of Income and Program Participation to examine the patterns of participation in Medicaid, the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, Temporary Assistance for Needy Families, and unemployment insurance among 342 single mothers who transitioned from employment to unemployment during the Great Recession. Using sequence analysis and cluster analysis, this paper identified four distinct patterns of program participation: …

Associations Between Vascular Diseases And Alzheimer's Disease Or Related Dementias In A Large Cohort Of Men And Women With Colorectal Cancer, Xianglin L Du, Lulu Song, Paul E Schulz, Hua Xu, Wenyaw Chan

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Long term risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADRD) associated with vascular diseases in people with colorectal cancer is unknown.

OBJECTIVE: to determine the risk of ADRD in association with cardiovascular diseases (CVD), stroke, hypertension, and diabetes in a cohort of patients with colorectal cancer.

METHODS: This retrospective cohort study consisted of 210,809 patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer at age≥65 years in 1991-2015 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare linked database with follow-up from 1991-2016, who were free of any ADRD at the baseline (< 30 days after the date of cancer diagnosis).

RESULTS: The crude 26-year cumulative incidence of total ADRD in …

Characterizing Cancer And Covid-19 Outcomes Using Electronic Health Records, Youngran Kim, Liang Zhu, Huili Zhu, Xiaojin Li, Yan Huang, Chunhui Gu, Heather Bush, Caroline Chung, Guo-Qiang Zhang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

PURPOSE: Patients with cancer often have compromised immune system which can lead to worse COVID-19 outcomes. The purpose of this study is to assess the association between COVID-19 outcomes and existing cancer-specific characteristics.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients aged 18 or older with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 between June 1, 2020, and December 31, 2020, were identified (n = 314 004) from the Optum® de-identified COVID-19 Electronic Health Record (EHR) derived from more than 700 hospitals and 7000 clinics in the United States. To allow sufficient observational time, patients with less than one year of medical history in the EHR dataset before their …

Risk Of Developing Alzheimer's Disease And Related Dementias In Association With Cardiovascular Disease, Stroke, Hypertension, And Diabetes In A Large Cohort Of Women With Breast Cancer And With Up To 26 Years Of Follow-Up, Xianglin L Du, Lulu Song, Paul E Schulz, Hua Xu, Wenyaw Chan

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: No study on the long-term incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADRD) has been reported in women with breast cancer by vascular diseases.

OBJECTIVE: to determine the risk of ADRD in association with cardiovascular diseases (CVD), stroke, hypertension, and diabetes in women with breast cancer.

METHODS: Study identified 246,686 women diagnosed with breast cancer at age≥65 years in 1991-2015 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare linked database. Women were free of ADRD at the time of cancer diagnosis and followed from 1991 to 2016.

RESULTS: Cumulative incidence of AD over 26 years of follow-up varied …

Determinants Of Social Distancing Adherence, Philip Gerretsen, Julia Kim, Eric E Brown, Lena C Quilty, Samantha Wells, Fernando Caravaggio, Jianmeng Song, Marcos Sanches, Branka Agic, Bruce G Pollock, Ariel Graff-Guerrero

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Introduction: Governments and public health authorities across many jurisdictions implemented social (physical) distancing measures to contain the spread of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Adherence to these measures is variable and likely influenced by various factors. This study aimed to 1) identify the individual sociodemographic, COVID-19 and social distancing related, and psychological determinants of social distancing adherence, and 2) explore regional differences in social distancing adherence in the United States (U.S.) and English-speaking Canada based on each region's discrepant response to social distancing restrictions.

Methods: A web-based repeated cross-sectional survey was conducted in 4,942 English-speaking participants from the four …

Predictors Of E-Cigarette Initiation And Use Among Middle School Youth In A Low-Income Predominantly Hispanic Community, M Yvonne Gaddy, Denise Vasquez, Louis D Brown

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Introduction: E-cigarette use among middle and high school youth increased from 2. 5 million in 2014 to 9.2 million in 2019, becoming the most common tobacco product used among youth. Hispanic youth, the largest ethnic minority in the United States, have higher rates of tobacco use, including e-cigarettes, than non-Hispanics. Identifying factors that put youth at risk for future e-cigarette use is vital to focusing prevention efforts. Informed by social cognitive theory, this study identifies predictors of e-cigarette uptake among e-cigarette naïve youth in a predominantly low-income Hispanic community.

Methods: 1,249 students (6-8th grades) from two middle schools in El …

Racial Disparities In Treatments And Mortality Among A Large Population-Based Cohort Of Older Men And Women With Colorectal Cancer, Xianglin L Du, Lulu Song

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: There were racial disparities in treatment and mortality among patients with colorectal cancer, but few studies incorporated information on hypertension and diabetes and their treatment status.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study identified 101,250 patients from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare linked database in the United States who were diagnosed with colorectal cancer at age ≥65 years between 2007 and 2015 with follow-up to December 2016.

RESULTS: There were substantial racial and ethnic disparities in the prevalence of hypertension and diabetes in patients with colorectal cancer, in receiving chemotherapy and radiation therapy, and in receiving antihypertensive and antidiabetic treatment. …

Using Implementation Mapping For The Adoption And Implementation Of Target:Bp In Community Health Centers, Melissa A Valerio-Shewmaker, Natalia I Heredia, Catherine Pulicken, Patenne D Mathews, Roshanda Chenier, Tracy L Swoboda, Ella R Garza, Fernanda Velasco-Huerta, Maria E Fernandez

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Despite the availability of multilevel evidence-based interventions for blood pressure management, poor hypertension control is common among community health center patient populations across the state of Texas and the United States.

METHODS: We used Implementation Mapping (IM) to identify barriers and facilitators influencing the adoption and implementation of the

RESULTS: As part of the needs and capacity assessment, we collected data through interviews with CHC staff, examining gaps in needs and services (e.g., what do clinics need to implement

DISCUSSION: This paper provides an example of using Implementation Mapping to develop strategies to increase the adoption and implementation of …

Impacts Of Immigration Detention On Sub-Saharan Africa Asylum Seekers In The United States, Felix Vescovi Ogunsuyi

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Detaining asylum seekers has become an established practice in many countries. There is a large body of research suggesting that immigration detention causes asylum seekers harm. However, the focus of these studies has been on diagnosable disorders and mental health, with no descriptive understanding of how detention and resettlement are experienced and conceptualized by asylum seekers. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to examine how formerly detained asylum seekers from sub-Saharan African countries perceive the impact of detention on their resettlement experience in the United States. Ager and Strang’s conceptual framework of refugee integration was used as the study’s …

Motivations Of Youth Engaged In International Drug Smuggling Through The Perceptions Of Law Enforcement In San Diego County, Gabrielle Suzanne Smyth

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The use of illegal narcotics in the United States is an epidemic that requires significant and measurable results. Not only are illegal drugs crossing from Mexico into the United States a threat to public safety, but the involvement of juveniles is also becoming increasingly dangerous. Since early 2018, the Drug Enforcement Administration’s (DEA’s) San Diego Field Division has seen a disturbing trend of Mexican cartels increasingly recruiting juveniles from high schools in southern San Diego County to smuggle drugs through the ports of entry. The theoretical framework utilized in this study was social learning theory. The logical connection between social …

Aging With Long-Term Physical Disability: Cohort Analysis Of Survey Sample In The U.S., Kerri A Morgan, Michelle Putnam, Sandra M Espin-Tello, Marian Keglovits, Margaret Campbell, Yan Yan, Aimee Wehmeier, Susan Stark

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Chronic health conditions, secondary conditions, and decreasing functional ability related to aging and/or changes in underlying impairment may influence participation for persons aging with long-term physical disability (AwD).

OBJECTIVE: To examine sample integrity and baseline findings through exploration of associations of sociodemographic, health, and disability factors with social participation for persons AwD.

METHODS: This is a longitudinal cohort study following persons AwD over three years, reporting baseline cohort study data. A convenience sample of 474 persons AwD aged 45-65 reporting physical disability of ≥5 years' duration was recruited through community organizations and social media. The cohort was majority female …

Hispanic Ethnicity And Mortality Among Critically Ill Patients With Covid-19, Ana C Ricardo, Jinsong Chen, Stephanie M Toth-Manikowski, Natalie Meza, Min Joo, Shruti Gupta, Deepa G Lazarous, David E Leaf, James P Lash

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Hispanic persons living in the United States (U.S.) are at higher risk of infection and death from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) compared with non-Hispanic persons. Whether this disparity exists among critically ill patients with COVID-19 is unknown.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate ethnic disparities in mortality among critically ill adults with COVID-19 enrolled in the Study of the Treatment and Outcomes in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19 (STOP-COVID).

METHODS: Multicenter cohort study of adults with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 admitted to intensive care units (ICU) at 67 U.S. hospitals from March 4 to May 9, 2020. Multilevel logistic regression was used to evaluate …

Part 5: Strangers In A Strange Land: Finding Refuge In Hampton Roads, Dragas Center For Economic Analysis And Policy, Old Dominion University

State of the Region Reports: Hampton Roads

In 2021, a record breaking 90 million people were forcibly displaced, fleeing war, violence, human rights violations, and persecution. In early 2022, Russia’s invasion of Ukraine added to this toll, pushing the estimated number of refugees past the 100- million- person mark This chapter explores how all of these developments are affecting Hampton Roads, which has received more than 300 Afghans and other political refugees over the past eighteen months.

The Nhlbi Study On Long-Term Outcomes After The Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome In Children (Music): Design And Objectives, Dongngan T Truong, Felicia L Trachtenberg, Gail D Pearson, Audrey Dionne, Matthew D Elias, Kevin Friedman, Kerri H Hayes, Lynn Mahony, Brian W Mccrindle, Matthew E Oster, Victoria Pemberton, Andrew J Powell, Mark W Russell, Lara S Shekerdemian, Mary Beth Son, Michael Taylor, Jane W Newburger

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: The Long-terM OUtcomes after the Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome In Children (MUSIC) study aims to characterize the frequency and time course of acute and long-term cardiac and non-cardiac sequelae in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children associated with COVID-19 (MIS-C), which are currently poorly understood.

METHODS: This multicenter observational cohort study will enroll at least 600 patientsyears, and optional genetic testing. Cardiac imaging at specific time points includes standardized echocardiographic assessment (all participants) and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) in those with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)

CONCLUSION: The MUSIC study, with the largest cohort of MIS-C patients and the longest …

Barriers And Facilitators To Diabetes Screening And Prevention After A Pregnancy Complicated By Gestational Diabetes, Drishti D. Sinha, Roxann C. Williams, Laura N. Hollar, Hannah R. Lucas, Bethany Johnson-Javois, Heidi B. Miller, Amanda Stoermer, Graham A. Colditz, Aimee S. James, Cynthia J. Herrick

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVE: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is increasing in the United States, with higher rates among minoritized racial and ethnic populations and lower income populations. GDM increases risk for type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and postpartum diabetes screening and prevention are imperative. This qualitative study examines barriers and facilitators to postpartum T2DM screening and prevention among non-privately insured individuals with a history of GDM in a state prior to Medicaid expansion.

METHODS: Thirty-six non-privately insured women with a history of GDM completed semi-structured interviews. Four focus groups and seven interviews were conducted with 30 nurse practitioners, physicians, physician assistants, nurses and registered …

Depression And Anxiety Are Common Among Patients With Cirrhosis, Ruben Hernaez, Jennifer R Kramer, Aisha Khan, Jessica Phillips, Katharine Mccallister, Kassie Chaffin, Adriana Portela Hernandez, Hannah Fullington, Cynthia Ortiz, James-Michael Blackwell, Adam Loewen, Yan Liu, Jasmin A Tiro, Simon C Lee, Amit G Singal

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Depression and anxiety can have negative effects on patients and are important to treat. There have been few studies of their prevalence among patients with cirrhosis. We aimed to characterize the prevalence and risk factors for depression and anxiety in a large multi-center cohort of patients with cirrhosis.

METHODS: We conducted a telephone-based survey of patients with cirrhosis at 3 health systems in the United States (a tertiary-care referral center, a safety net system, and a Veterans hospital) from April through December 2018. Of 2871 patients approached, 1021 (35.6%) completed the survey. Depression and anxiety were assessed …

Racial/Ethnic Variations In Alcohol And Cigarette Use By Pregnancy Status Among 20- To 44-Year-Old Women, Nhanes 2001–2018, Jacqueline M Hirth, Catherine Valadez, Sandra Gonzalez, Alicia Kowalchuk, Judith A Gutierrez, Roger Zoorob

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

OBJECTIVES: This study examines alcohol consumption and smoking behaviors by pregnancy status and race/ethnicity in order to inform improved interventions designed to assist women of all races to avoid alcohol and tobacco use during pregnancy for their health and to prevent potential fetal exposure.

METHODS: This retrospective secondary data analysis utilized nationally representative National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data between 2001 and 2018. Smoking and alcohol use were evaluated by race/ethnicity and pregnancy risk. Sexual behavior, reproductive health, and prescription drug use determined pregnancy risk, categorized as low pregnancy risk, at risk of becoming pregnant, and pregnant. Binary and …

An Introductory Point-Of-Care Ultrasound Curriculum For An Anesthesiology Residency Program, Susan C Lee, Edward C Yang, Jovany Cruz Navarro, Charles G Minard, Xiaofan Huang, Yi Deng

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

INTRODUCTION: The use of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is a growing trend in the field of anesthesiology. However, formal POCUS curriculums are still not widely implemented in residency programs. As the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education and the American Board of Anesthesiology have both incorporated POCUS into their educational aims and expectations for graduates, we recognized the need for a formal POCUS curriculum for our residency program. We developed and implemented a comprehensive 3-week POCUS curriculum for our first-year anesthesiology residents (CA1s) in the latter half of their academic year.

METHODS: Twenty CA1s participated in this educational activity. The POCUS …

Classified Secondary Primary Bank List, Federal Reserve System: Board Of Governors

Documents

No abstract provided.

Disclosures Pursuant To Section 11(S) Of The Federal Reserve Act - 12/30/2021, Federal Reserve System: Board Of Governors

Documents

No abstract provided.

Disclosures Pursuant To Section 11(S) Of The Federal Reserve Act - Main Street Lending Program, Federal Reserve System: Board Of Governors

Documents

https://www.federalreserve.gov/publications/disclosures-in-response-to-covid-19-pursuant-to-section-11-s.htm

Disclosures Regarding The Emergency Lending Response To Covid-19, Pursuant To Section 11(S) Of The Federal Reserve Act: Term Asset-Backed Securities Loan Facility Ii (Talf Ii), Federal Reserve System: Board Of Governors

Documents

No abstract provided.

Do The Fed's International Dollar Liquidity Facilities Affect Offshore Dollar Funding Markets And Credit?, Linda Goldberg, Fabiola Ravazzolo

Documents

No abstract provided.

Riksbank Joins The Federal Reserve's Repo Facility In Usd, Sveriges Riksbank

Documents

No abstract provided.

Phase 3 Safety And Efficacy Of Azd1222 (Chadox1 Ncov-19) Covid-19 Vaccine, Ann R Falsey, Magdalena E Sobieszczyk, Ian Hirsch, Stephanie Sproule, Merlin L Robb, Lawrence Corey, Kathleen M Neuzil, William Hahn, Julie Hunt, Mark J Mulligan, Charlene Mcevoy, Edwin Dejesus, Michael Hassman, Susan J Little, Barbara A Pahud, Anna Durbin, Paul Pickrell, Eric S Daar, Larry Bush, Joel Solis, Quito Osuna Carr, Temitope Oyedele, Susan Buchbinder, Jessica Cowden, Sergio L Vargas, Alfredo Guerreros Benavides, Robert Call, Michael C Keefer, Beth D Kirkpatrick, John Pullman, Tina Tong, Margaret Brewinski Isaacs, David Benkeser, Holly E Janes, Martha C Nason, Justin A Green, Elizabeth J Kelly, Jill Maaske, Nancy Mueller, Kathryn Shoemaker, Therese Takas, Richard P Marshall, Menelas N Pangalos, Tonya Villafana, Antonio Gonzalez-Lopez

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: The safety and efficacy of the AZD1222 (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) vaccine in a large, diverse population at increased risk for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in the United States, Chile, and Peru has not been known.

METHODS: In this ongoing, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 3 clinical trial, we investigated the safety, vaccine efficacy, and immunogenicity of two doses of AZD1222 as compared with placebo in preventing the onset of symptomatic and severe coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) 15 days or more after the second dose in adults, including older adults, in the United States, Chile, and Peru.

RESULTS: …

Fact Sheet: Money Market Fund Reforms, United States: Securities And Exchange Commission (Sec)

Documents

No abstract provided.

The Five Ds Of Outpatient Antibiotic Stewardship For Urinary Tract Infections, Melanie C Goebel, Barbara W Trautner, Larissa Grigoryan

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Urinary tract infections (UTI) are one of the most common indications for antibiotic prescriptions in the outpatient setting. Given rising rates of antibiotic resistance among uropathogens, antibiotic stewardship is critically needed to improve outpatient antibiotic use, including in outpatient clinics (primary care and specialty clinics) and emergency departments. Outpatient clinics are in general a neglected practice area in antibiotic stewardship programs, yet most antibiotic use in the United States is in the outpatient setting. This article provides a comprehensive review of antibiotic stewardship strategies for outpatient UTI in the adult population, with a focus on the "five Ds" of stewardship …

Collateral Information, Federal Reserve System

Documents

No abstract provided.