Digital Commons Network^™

American College Of Radiology Manual On Mr Safety: 2024 Update And Revisions, Ivan Pedrosa, David A Altman, Jonathan R Dillman, Michael N Hoff, Alexander M Mckinney, Scott B Reeder, Jeffrey M Rogg, R Jason Stafford, James A Webb, Dina L Hernandez, Robert E Watson

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Since the introduction of the American College of Radiology (ACR) MRI safety guidelines in 2002, the indications for use of MRI in clinical care and research have continued to expand. Similarly, MRI technologies have evolved, with multiple field strengths now available for human imaging. While several publications have updated the ACR recommendations since the first guidelines, a single source in a structured format was lacking. Accordingly, the ACR Committee on MR Safety recently updated the online ACR Manual on MR Safety that compiles ACR recommendations for safe use of MRI equipment in humans into a single document. This review describes …

Alert Design In The Real World: A Cross-Sectional Analysis Of Interruptive Alerting At 9 Academic Pediatric Health Systems, Swaminathan Kandaswamy, Julia K W Yarahuan, Elizabeth A Dobler, Matthew J Molloy, Lindsey A Knake, Sean M Hernandez, Anne A Fallon, Lauren M Hess, Allison B Mccoy, Regine M Fortunov, Eric S Kirkendall, Naveen Muthu, Evan W Orenstein, Adam C Dziorny, Juan D Chaparro

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Objective: To assess the prevalence of recommended design elements in implemented electronic health record (EHR) interruptive alerts across pediatric care settings.

Materials and methods: We conducted a 3-phase mixed-methods cross-sectional study. Phase 1 involved developing a codebook for alert content classification. Phase 2 identified the most frequently interruptive alerts at participating sites. Phase 3 applied the codebook to classify alerts. Inter-rater reliability (IRR) for the codebook and descriptive statistics for alert design contents were reported.

Results: We classified alert content on design elements such as the rationale for the alert's appearance, the hazard of ignoring it, directive versus informational content, …

Patient- And Community-Level Characteristics Associated With Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccination, Diya Surie, Jennie H Kwon, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

IMPORTANCE: In 2023, the first respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccines were recommended for US adults 60 years or older, but few data are available about which patients were most likely to receive vaccine to inform future RSV vaccine outreach efforts.

OBJECTIVE: To assess patient- and community-level characteristics associated with RSV vaccine receipt and patient knowledge and attitudes related to RSV disease and RSV vaccines.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: During the first season of RSV vaccine use from October 1, 2023, to April 30, 2024, adults 60 years or older hospitalized with RSV-negative acute respiratory illness were enrolled in this cross-sectional …

Dissemination And Implementation Approach To Increasing Access To Local Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (Prep) Resources With Black Cisgender Women: Intervention Study With Vlogs Shared On Social Media, Mandy J Hill, Laurenia Mangum, Sandra J Coker, Tristen Sutton, Diane M Santa Maria

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Black cisgender women account for only 2% of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)-eligible people in the United States who use PrEP to prevent HIV. Owing to the low PrEP use, Black cisgender women continue to contract HIV more frequently than women from every other racial group. Intervention efforts that can bridge the link between knowing that PrEP prevents HIV and support with access to PrEP are necessary for Black cisgender women.

Objective: The purposes of the vlogs through the campaign were to share information about ways to prevent HIV using PrEP and fact-based education and provide access to PrEP resources with …

Bridging Gaps In Cancer Care: Utilizing Large Language Models For Accessible Dietary Recommendations, Julia A. Logan, Sriya Sadhu, Cameo Hazlewood, Melissa Denton, Sara Burke, Christina A. Simone-Soule, Caroline Black, Corey Ciaverelli, Jacqueline Stulb, Hamidreza Nourzadeh, Yevgeniy Vinogradskiy, Amy Leader, Adam Dicker, Wookjin Choi, Nicole L Simone

Department of Radiation Oncology Faculty Papers

Background/Objectives: Weight management is directly linked to cancer recurrence and survival, but unfortunately, nutritional oncology counseling is not typically covered by insurance, creating a disparity for patients without nutritional education and food access. Novel ways of imparting personalized nutrition advice are needed to address this issue. Large language models (LLMs) offer a promising path toward tailoring dietary advice to individual patients. This study aimed to assess the capacity of LLMs to offer personalized dietary advice to patients with breast cancer. Methods: Thirty-one prompt templates were designed to evaluate dietary recommendations generated by ChatGPT and Gemini with variations within …

Does Media Influence Public Perception Of Crime, Dylan Leach

SACAD: Scholarly Activities

Media encompasses anything that can spread mass communication, such as news outlets, social media, music, etc. This study includes a review of various scholarly sources to determine the impact that various forms of media have for influencing public perceptions of crime in our nation as well as nations across the world. Initial findings implicate exposure to local news media and rap music influence public perceptions of crime, to include but not limited to increases in violence, concern about local crime rates, and negative perceptions of law enforcement. This study reports some of those results.

Exploring Profiles Of Fathers Integrating Food And Physical Activity Parenting Practices, John A Jimenez-Garcia, Louise C Mâsse, Robert L Newton, Salma M Musaad, Alicia Beltran, Teresia M O'Connor

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Objective: This study aims to identify fathers' profiles integrating food parenting practices (FPP) and physical activity parenting practices (PAPP).

Design: We analysed cross-sectional data. The fathers completed the reduced FPP and PAPP item banks and socio-demographic and family dynamics (co-parenting and household responsibility) questionnaires. We identified fathers' profiles via latent profile analysis. We explored the influence of social determinants, child characteristics and family dynamics on fathers' profiles using multinomial logistic regression.

Setting: Online survey in the USA.

Participants: Fathers of 5-11-year-old children.

Results: We analysed data from 606 fathers (age = 38 ± 8·0; Hispanic = 37·5 %). Most fathers …

Association Of Messenger Rna Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) Vaccination And Reductions In Post Covid Conditions Following Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection In A Us Prospective Cohort Of Essential Workers, Josephine Mak, Sana Khan, Amadea Britton, Spencer Rose, Lisa Gwynn, Katherine D Ellingson, Jennifer Meece, Leora R Feldstein, Harmony Tyner, Laura J Edwards, Matthew S Thiese, Allison Naleway, Manjusha Gaglani, Natasha Solle, Jefferey L Burgess, Julie Mayo Lamberte, Meghan Shea, Taryn Hunt-Smith, Alberto Caban-Martinez, Cynthia Porter, Ryan Wiegand, Ramona Rai, Kurt T Hegmann, James Hollister, Ashley Fowlkes, Meredith Wesley, Andrew L Philips, Patrick Rivers, Robin Bloodworth, Gabriella Newes-Adeyi, Lauren E W Olsho, Sarang K Yoon, Sharon Saydah, Karen Lutrick

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Background: Data are limited on whether vaccination reduces post COVID conditions (PCCs) risk after less severe nonhospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study assessed whether COVID-19 vaccination protected against PCCs in persons with mild initial infections during Delta and Omicron variant predominance.

Methods: This study utilized a case-control design, nested within the HEROES-RECOVER cohort. Participants aged ≥18 years with test-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease 2 (SARS-CoV-2) between 28 June 2021 and 14 September 2022 were surveyed for PCCs, defined by symptoms lasting >4 weeks after initial infection. Cases self-reported PCCs and controls self-reported no PCCs. The exposure was …

Late Adverse Event Reporting From Medical Device Manufacturers To The Us Food And Drug Administration: Cross Sectional Study, Alexander O Everhart, Pinar Karaca-Mandic, Rita F Redberg, Joseph S Ross, Sanket S Dhruva

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVE: To describe the extent of late adverse event reporting by manufacturers to the US Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) Manufacturer And User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) database as well as the distribution of late reporting among manufacturers and associations with device characteristics.

DESIGN: Cross sectional study.

SETTING: The FDA MAUDE database, a central postmarket safety surveillance tool for US medical devices, from 1 September 2019 to 31 December 2022.

PARTICIPANTS: Medical device manufacturers that submitted initial adverse event reports to the FDA between 1 September 2019 and 31 December 2022.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Time in days between date manufacturer …

Social Media As A Platform For Cancer Care Decision-Making Among Women: Internet Survey-Based Study On Trust, Engagement, And Preferences, Anna Rose Johnson, Grace Anne Longfellow, Clara N Lee, Benjamin Ormseth, Gary B Skolnick, Mary C Politi, Yonaira M Rivera, Terence Myckatyn

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Decision aids improve patient and clinician decision-making but are underused and often restricted to clinical settings.

OBJECTIVE: Given limited studies analyzing the feasibility of disseminating decision aids through social media, this study aimed to evaluate the acceptability, trust, and engagement of women with social media as a tool to deliver online decision aids for cancer treatment.

METHODS: To prepare for potential dissemination of a breast cancer decision aid via social media, a cross-sectional survey in February 2023 was conducted via Prime Panels, an online market research platform, of women aged 35-75 years in the United States. Demographics, health, cancer …

Practice Implications For Supporting International Students’ Racial Learning In The Us, Mianmian Fei

Critical Internationalization Studies Review

No abstract provided.

Rushing To Judgment And The Banking Crisis Of 2023, Steven Kelly, Jonathan Rose

Documents

No abstract provided.

Geographic Access To Cancer Care And Treatment And Outcomes Of Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Pratibha Shrestha, Ying Liu, James Struthers, Benjamin Kozower, Min Lian

2020-Current year OA Pubs

IMPORTANCE: Data on the impact of geographic access to cancer care on early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment and outcomes are limited.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the associations of geographic access to cancer care with guideline-recommended treatment and outcomes in patients with early-stage NSCLC.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This population-based cohort study included patients with early-stage NSCLC newly diagnosed between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2015, followed up through December 31, 2016, and identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results dataset. Data analysis was performed from March to November 2024.

EXPOSURES: Geographic access to thoracic surgeons and radiation …

Comptroller's Handbook: Interest Rate Risk (Version 1.0), United States: Department Of The Treasury: Office Of The Comptroller Of The Currency

Documents

No abstract provided.

Risk Of Traumatic Brain Injury In Deployment And Nondeployment Settings Among Members Of The Millennium Cohort Study, Kalyn C Jannace, Lisa Pompeii, David Gimeno Ruiz De Porras, William Brett Perkison, Jose-Miguel Yamal, Daniel W Trone, Rudolph P Rull

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Objective: To describe and quantify the prevalence and risk of deployment and nondeployment service-related traumatic brain injury (TBI) among participants of the Millennium Cohort Study.

Setting: Survey data.

Participants: 28 759 Millennium Cohort Study participants who were active duty, Reserves, or National Guard at the time of the survey.

Design: Cross-sectional secondary data analysis.

Main measures: Estimates of prevalence and rates of TBI were calculated. Multivariable Poisson regression estimated rate ratios of TBI overall and stratified by deployment and nondeployment settings.

Results: The rate of TBI over the 362 535 person-years (PY) was 2.95 p/100 PY. the nondeployment rate was …

Genetic Characterization Of A Large Cohort Of Individuals With A Clinical Suspicion Of Hypophosphatasia In The United States., Eric T. Rush, Guillermo Del Angel, Juan Dong, Toby Bates, Robert D. Steiner, Allison Cox

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a rare metabolic disease resulting from variants in ALPL, inherited in an either autosomal recessive or autosomal dominant manner. Sponsored clinical ALPL testing was offered in the US for individuals with a clinical suspicion of HPP. Gene variants were assessed to determine the likelihood of identifying disease-causing variants, uncover genotype-phenotype relationships, and for further understanding of ALPL variants in the US HPP population. Variants were detected by Sanger sequencing and classified as pathogenic or likely pathogenic (P/LP; positive test result), variant(s) of uncertain significance (indeterminate test result), benign or likely benign (negative test result), or no variants …

The Associations Of Sensory Impairment With 10-Year Risk Of Dementia And Alzheimer's Disease: The Health And Retirement Study, 2010-2020, Kun Li, Rahul Ghosal, Donglan Zhang, Yike Li, Matthew C Lohman, Monique J Brown, Anwar T Merchant, Chih-Hsiang Yang, Jean Neils-Strunjas, Daniela B Friedman, Jingkai Wei

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Studies have examined the association between dual sensory impairment and late-life cognitive outcomes in the U.S with inconsistent findings.

Objective: To examine the associations between sensory impairment and 10-year risk of dementia or Alzheimer's disease among U.S. adults aged ≥ 50.

Methods: A prospective cohort study based on the Health and Retirement Study from 2010 to 2020. Individuals aged ≥ 50 years without self-reported dementia and Alzheimer's disease in 2010 were included in the analysis. Self-reported visual and hearing impairments were measures in 2010. Main failure events included self-reported incident dementia and Alzheimer's disease over a 10-year follow-up period. …

Patient Consent And The Right To Notice And Explanation Of Ai Systems Used In Health Care, Meghan E Hurley, Benjamin H Lang, Kristin Marie Kostick-Quenet, Jared N Smith, Jennifer Blumenthal-Barby

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Given the need for enforceable guardrails for artificial intelligence (AI) that protect the public and allow for innovation, the U.S. Government recently issued a Blueprint for an AI Bill of Rights which outlines five principles of safe AI design, use, and implementation. One in particular, the right to notice and explanation, requires accurately informing the public about the use of AI that impacts them in ways that are easy to understand. Yet, in the healthcare setting, it is unclear what goal the right to notice and explanation serves, and the moral importance of patient-level disclosure. We propose three normative functions …

The Effects Of Fact-Checking Misinformation About U.S. Politics On Tiktok Through The Lens Of Two-Step Flow Theory: A Quantitative Content Analysis, Toi Travis Thornton

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The social media platform, TikTok, has grown tremendously over the past few years. With the freedom that users have to communicate in the way they desire to and with any information they want to communicate, the spread of misinformation has continued to spread on the application. This has called for a need for reputable fact-checking organizations to correct the misinformation with truth. This research paper examines the effects of fact-checking on TikTok videos containing misinformation about American politics. It addresses the research problem which is that misinformation spread on TikTok has confused users about American politics, which in turn could …

Arctic Militarization: How The United States Developed The Arctic At The Cold War’S Beginning, 1945-1965, Daniel J. Morris

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

At the Cold War’s start, the United States conducted a robust Arctic militarization policy for North American defense against the Soviet Union. U.S. officials feared an Arctic invasion or an over-the-North-Pole attack. The Arctic policies created Alaskan statehood, the distant early warning (DEW) line radar stations, Greenland military installations, failed Arctic diplomacy, the International Geophysical Year of 1957-1958 (IGY), and Arctic military activities. In 1945, the United States started its Arctic militarization programs as its international relationship with the Soviet Union deteriorated. First, Alaska transitioned from a U.S. territory to a state, which federal money entered Alaska for national defense. …

An Afropessimism Of Student Mobility: Is International Higher Education Extreme Investment In Whiteness?, Zoe A. Case

Journal of Graduate Education Research

This paper strives to consider whether, as Riyad Shahjahan and Kirsten Edwards suggest, international higher education systematically invests in Whiteness. In doing so, I explore first whether the international university system invests in Whiteness through its expansion of satellite campuses and systemic fetishisation of global university rankings. Turning towards the micro-level, I consider the individual international student as investor and, via an Afropessimist lens inspired by Frank B. Wilderson III and Sara Ahmed, I find that the question of Whiteness as investment situates Whiteness as a good in which everyone can invest. I show that although international higher education is …

Developing Evaluation Metrics To Measure The Us National Institute Of Health Plans To Enhance Diverse Perspectives: A Protocol For A Consensus-Based Study, Yulia A Levites Strekalova, Sanjay Jain, Pinaki Sarder

2020-Current year OA Pubs

INTRODUCTION: The diversity of participating investigators representing diverse disciplines, career stages, stakeholder groups, regions and types of institutions is essential for the success of large-scale research programmes. In 2021, the National Institutes of Health introduced a requirement for some of its large grants to include a separate section that describes the project's plan for enhancing diverse perspectives (PEDPs). Our project aims to develop consensus-based PEDP evaluation metrics and instruments that can be systematically and sustainably collected across the projects.

METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Evaluation work is organised into three objectives. First, shared knowledge about PEDP infrastructures, activities and outcomes will be …

Ukrainian Variable In Us Policy Towards Russian Federation Since 2022, Douaa Fadhil Gatea

Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University Journal of Legal Studies

Researching the Ukrainian variable, from the perspective of geostrategic and geoeconomics considerations, in the United States’ policy towards the Russian Federation, shows how Ukraine has become an arena for competition and conflict between the two strategic powers, with the aim of enhancing their national security, by concentrating influence and dominance over it, and then over Central and Eastern Europe, in order to achieve their strategic goals at the level of Europe and the world. By dominating Ukraine and integrating it into the European Union and NATO, the United States can reduce Russia's influence, encircle it, and hinder its will to …

How Electricity Utility Practitioners In The United States Approach Power System Resilience, Shardul Tiwari, Aritra Chakrabarty, Chelsea Schelly, Mostafa Sahraei-Ardakani, Gaby Ou, Jianli Chen

Michigan Tech Publications

This study explores the understanding and practice of resilience among electrical utilities in the United States, focusing on how practitioners in the utility sector conceptualize and apply resilience in their work. As electricity becomes increasingly central to modern life, powering critical infrastructure and essential services, the resilience of power systems has gained prominence in energy policy and planning. However, there is a lack of standardized definitions and approaches to resilience in both academia and practice, particularly from an energy service perspective. The research employs a qualitative approach, utilizing semi-structured interviews with experts (practitioners) from transmission and distribution utilities in the …

Rideshare Services For Transportation Assistance In Gynecologic Oncology: A Quality Improvement Study, Anna Jo Smith, Sam Pancoe, Mary Pat Lynch, Megan Wachlin, Kristina Powell, Stefanie N. Hinkle, Nathanael C. Koelper, Meredith Doherty, Justin E. Bekelman, Fiona Simpkins, Emily M. Ko

SKMC Student Presentations and Publications

OBJECTIVE: Transportation barriers can lead to delays in care and suboptimal treatment. Our objective was to assess the utilization of a novel transportation pilot intervention in gynecologic oncology.

METHODS: Since May 2022, we have provided donor-funded transportation to patients receiving gynecologic cancer treatment at 5 University of Pennsylvania practices. Patients are screened for transportation barriers at first visit and re-screened during care. Patients who screen positive are referred to the intervention, a HIPAA-compliant ride-sharing service. There are no income or insurance restrictions; distance was limited to 25 miles. We report descriptive statistics on ride completion, distance traveled, and cost.

RESULTS: …

Fetal Personhood And Access To Reproductive Rights: Power And Precarity In Post-Roe America, Jainab Banu

Journal of International Women's Studies

This paper delves into the concept of “fetal personhood” and dissects how lawmakers systematically deploy rhetorical agency in policy to draw demarcating lines between demographic groups in post-Roe America. After abortion was legalized in 1973, the number of women opting for abortion rose significantly. Even after legalization, however, underrepresented and marginalized women struggled to access safe and high-quality healthcare, and many of them risked self-induced abortions. Since Roe v. Wade was overturned in 2022, women with financial affluence can still travel to states where abortion is not banned to access their reproductive rights; however, women with low income may not …

Youth Soccer In The United States, Alessandrea C. Handley, Cathy C. Handley, Hope E. Handley, Lawrence M. Handley, Lawrence R. Handley, Nathanial S. Handley

The Geographical Bulletin

There are four million youth playing soccer in the United States and its growth rate of 1300 percent between 1975 and 1988 make it the fast growing sport in America. In every state, soccer reaches the youth from ages 4 to 19. Texas and California lead the nation in the number of youth playing the sport. Not only a sport for boys, soccer is one of the most popular sports for girls in the country. This paper examines and discusses the distribution of youth soccer across the U.S. during the years 1975-1988. Distributions based on race, per capita income, sex …

Visualizing The Rise Of American Women's Soccer, Hoi Wah Tang

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

The rise of American women’s soccer is a compelling narrative of determination, talent, and triumph on the global stage. From the inaugural FIFA Women’s World Cup in 1991 to the ongoing dominance of the U.S. Women’s National Team (USWNT), this journey encapsulates not only athletic excellence but also the broader struggles for equality, representation, and respect in sports.

This project aims to bring this story to life by presenting a rich tapestry of data visualizations, timelines, and multimedia elements that showcase key moments, players, and milestones. Through engaging graphics and interactive features, users will explore how the sport evolved, the …

Decades Of Division: Analyzing Hate Crimes In The Usa (1991–2022), Sangeeth Sajan Baby

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

This project comprehensively analyses hate crime data in the United States, leveraging advanced data analysis and visualization techniques to unmask patterns and insights. By utilizing datasets of criminal offenses reported by law enforcement agencies such as the FBI, this study explores the dynamics of hate crimes across racial, religious, gender, and sexual orientation groups. The analysis reveals key findings, including the disproportionate targeting of African Americans and LGBTQ+ individuals, the prevalence of hate crimes in specific locations like residences and educational institutions, and the consistent patterns of attack types and locations across different racial groups. Analysis of crime data over …

Tracking Community Outreach And Engagement Activities Among National Cancer Institute-Designated Cancer Centers, Todd Burus, Caree Mcafee, Pamela Hull, Amy Leader, Christopher Mcnair

Kimmel Cancer Center Faculty Papers

The National Cancer Institute's (NCI) Cancer Center Support Grant mandates that NCI-designated cancer centers establish a Community Outreach and Engagement (COE) component to help direct efforts at reducing cancer burden within their catchment areas. Despite the critical role of COE offices, little is known about how they track and evaluate outreach activities and outcomes. We gathered information on current practices from representatives of 40 out of 65 COE offices using an online survey. Although nearly all responding centers (97.5%) tracked COE activities, no consensus existed on resources used, and satisfaction with current solutions was mixed (51.0% not satisfied). Respondents expressed …