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Public Health Services Research: Informing Public Health Practice & Policy, Glen P. Mays

Health Management and Policy Presentations

Heterogeneity in the mechanisms used for organizing and financing public health strategies creates opportunities for comparative effectiveness research (CER) in public health that examine which organization and financing mechanisms work best, for whom, and under what circumstances. Findings from these types of studies have direct utility in shaping public health policy and practice decisions.

Penelitian Genom Dan Implikasinya Dalam Kesehatan Masyarakat Di Indonesia, Doni Hikmat Ramdhan

Kesmas

Penelitian genom yang mengkaji kaitan antara setiap gen dengan suatu penyakit sekaligus mekanismenya untuk mendapatkan pengetahuan yang menyeluruh dalam pengobatan, telah membawa perubahan besar dunia kedokteran dalam mengobati berbagai penyakit. Namun demikian, penelitian genom seharusnya tidak hanya dimanfaatkan untuk pengobatan tetapi juga untuk pencegahan penyakit. Artikel ini membahas masalah kesehatan masyarakat dan peluang pemanfaatan penelitian genom dalam pencegahan penyakit. Penelitian genom yang dapat dimanfaatkan pada bidang kesehatan masyarakat adalah toksikogenomik dan nutrigenomik. Penelitian toksikogenomik mengkaji respons gen akibat pajanan toksikan yang berdampak pada kesehatan manusia. Penelitian nutrigenomik mengkaji respons gen terhadap makanan yang berdampak pada kesehatan manusia. Penelitian toksikogenomik dan …

Nutrition Education And Community Advocacy At Marin Health And Human Services, Anna C. Allison

Master's Projects and Capstones

It would be a mistake to assume that all Marin neighborhoods look the same. The life expectancy in Ross is over 88 years. Less than 10 miles away in Hamilton Novato, the life expectancy is 75 years. That is a 13 year difference in life expectancy, roughly equivalent to the difference between living in the United States and Guyana. Marin is a small county, but it holds a great deal of variation. An effective health intervention in one neighborhood will not work in another, more importantly, there may not be the same health issue from one neighborhood to the next. …

Discovering Community Assets: Master Of Public Health Culminating Experience, Megan E. Sirna

Master's Projects and Capstones

The Sonoma County Department of Health Services, through Cradle to Career, promotes collective impact around educational attainment and workforce development, and has become a leader in developing a framework for community schools. The first step in developing a community schools model is to understand and inventory what is already going on in the community. This process, known more formally as asset mapping, is a participatory process focused on documenting the strengths and resources of a community. The collaborative nature of the process helps to promote community involvement and build community cohesion. In order to assist schools wanting to begin an …

Identification Of School Physical Activity Leader Competencies Using Concept Mapping, Kiel M. Illg

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Background/Purpose: Various public health and educational organizations have called for the implementation of comprehensive approaches at the state, district, and school levels to promote physical education and physical activity among children and adolescents. Proponents have argued that physical education teachers are positioned to assume the role of director of physical activity in the school setting; however many physical educators do not see directing comprehensive school physical activity programs (CSPAP) as their responsibility, nor have they been formally trained to provide this measure of leadership. Furthermore, there is limited research on CSPAPs and the associated leadership roles integral to planning, implementing, …

Stoking The Flames Of Wellness: An Exploration Of Factors That Influence West Virginia Firefighters' Health Behaviors, Chelsea B. Wooding

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The concern over health and wellness among firefighters in the US has escalated recently due to increasing obesity rates, on-duty cardiovascular event risk, and job stress. Besides unique aspects of the work, a number of other barriers to health and wellness have been identified within the firefighter culture. Using a qualitative approach with multiple sources of data, the current study sought to answer the question, "what impacts the health of firefighters in West Virginia?" Eight focus groups, and Photovoice data from nine participants were inductively analyzed using guidelines from consensual qualitative research. House tours were also done to provide ethnographic …

Smoking Cessation And Breastfeeding Promotion Education For Prenatal Providers In West Virginia, Kimberly Greenfield

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Background: West Virginia has the highest prenatal smoking cessation rate in the United States and is among the states with the lowest breastfeeding rate in the nation. West Virginia also faces health disparities and limited prenatal health resources, especially in at-risk areas. In an effort to improve resources in at-risk areas of the state, the "Health Education for Prenatal Providers in Appalachia (HEPPA), using the ACOG 5As smoking cessation intervention and breastfeeding promotion, was developed for delivery to interprofessional providers. Method: The HEPPA program delivered to healthcare and social service providers in four contiguous counties was evaluated by comparing pre-test …

Functional Characterization Of Phosphodiesterase-4a In Behavior And Obesity, Rolf T. Hansen Iii

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Cognitive disorders such as depression, anxiety, and senescent-induced memory loss are a growing pandemic in the world. Anxiety is the most common psychiatric disorder in America, affecting upwards of 50 million people a year; depression has a lifetime prevalence of 20% of the population, and it's predicted pathological memory disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) will reach exponential levels by the year 2050. While there are treatments for anxiety and depression, far less success has been reached with therapeutics for AD. Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) may be a potential novel target for future therapeutics aimed at combatting these psychiatric illnesses and neurodegenerative …

Healthcare For Persons With Intellectual And Developmental Disability In The Community, David A. Ervin, Brian Hennen, Joav Merrick, Mohammed Morad

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

INTRODUCTION: While there has been impressive progress in creating and improving community healthcare delivery systems that support people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), there is much more that can and should be done.

METHODS: This paper offers a review of healthcare delivery concepts on which new models are being developed, while also establishing an historical context. We review the need for creating fully integrated models of healthcare, and at the same time offer practical considerations that range from specific healthcare delivery system components to the need to expand our approach to training healthcare providers. The models and delivery systems, …

Learning To Practice: A Case Study Of The Experiences Of Public Health Registered Dietitians In Professional Lifelong Learning, Carol Lee Shelly Wallace

Electronic Theses and Dissertations Archive

The purpose of this qualitative case study was to understand the experience and perspectives of registered dietitians (RDs) practicing as public health nutrition professionals, in meeting their continuing professional education (CPE) and professional learning needs in their workplace, and the relationship to adult learning theories. Adult learning theories and strategies reviewed include andragogy, self-directed learning, transformational learning, experiential learning, informal and incidental learning, and critical reflective practice. Data was collected during a nine-month period from RDs within a county public health nutrition department. Data collection methods included observation, document elicitation using the participant's professional development portfolio, semi-structured interviews, and artifact …

Use Of System Dynamics Modeling To Explicate The Theory-Of-Change Of A Social Marketing Innovation, Brian J. Biroscak

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Community coalitions are an important part of the public health milieu and thus subject to many of the same external pressures as public health organizations--including changes in required strategic orientation. Many funding agencies have shifted their funding agenda from program development to policy change. Thus, the Florida Prevention Research Center created the Community-Based Prevention Marketing for Policy Development framework to teach community coalitions how to apply social marketing to policy change. The dissertation research reported here was designed to explicate the framework's theory-of-change. The research question was: "What are the linkages and connections between CBPM inputs, activities, immediate outcomes, intermediate …

Public Health Regulation: Convergence, Divergence, And Regulatory Tension: An Asian Perspective, Locknie Hsu

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

Regulatory issues relating to public health, including regulation of access to medicines and tobacco control have increasingly been the source of tension in recent trade and investment negotiations, treaties and disputes. The ongoing Trans-Pacific Partnership negotiations, which include a number of developing Asian states, are an example that brings some of these issues to the fore and show a divergence of negotiating views.

The intersection between public health regulation and trade and investment treaties has given some Asian states significant pause for thought; it has further led the international system to a critical need to confront the overlap of legal …

Cayucos Community Health Plan, Jennifer Joyce Franich

Master's Theses

Recent, mounting research shows that chronic disease, the leading causes of death and primary driver of health care costs, cannot be effectively addressed through education or preventative health alone. A physical environment that promotes health—through access to healthy food, opportunities for physical activity, quality housing, transportation options, and safe schools—is an integral part of making our communities healthier. This research and accompanying Healthy Community Plans will serve as a way for the County to begin looking in-depth at the ways the built environment (our streets, parks, and neighborhoods) contribute or detract from the health of the community. Though the creation …

Multipolarity, Intellectual Property, And The Internationalization Of Public Health Law, Sam F. Halabi

Michigan Journal of International Law

The cause of global health today is arguably the most influential human rights movement ever seen, mobilizing vast flows of direct and indirect aid to the developing world to fight disease and build health care infrastructure; prompting the establishment of international organizations like UNAIDS and the Global Fund to fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (Global Fund); including global health as a priority in major diplomatic summits; and driving the formation and implementation of international agreements to address global health threats. Champions of this movement claim that the diverse and influential state and non-state actors participating in the development of the …

Reporting Risk, Producing Prejudice How News Reporting On Obesity Shapes Attitudes About Health Risk, Policy, And Prejudice, Abigail C. Saguy, David Frederick, Kjerstin Gruys

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

News reporting on research studies may influence attitudes about health risk, support for public health policies, or attitudes towards people labeled as unhealthy or at risk for disease. Across five experiments (N = 2123) we examined how different news framings of obesity research influence these attitudes. We exposed participants to either a control condition, a news report on a study portraying obesity as a public health crisis, a news report on a study suggesting that obesity may not be as much of a problem as previously thought, or an article discussing weight-based discrimination. Compared to controls, exposure to the public …

Oceano Community Health Plan, Eugene Phillip Brennan

Master's Theses

ABSTRACT

Oceano Community Health Plan

Phillip Brennan

Recent, mounting research shows that chronic disease, the leading causes of death and primary driver of health care costs, cannot be effectively addressed through education or preventative health alone. A physical environment that promotes health—through access to healthy food, opportunities for physical activity, quality housing, transportation options, and safe schools—is an integral part of making our communities healthier. This research and accompanying Healthy Community Plans will serve as a way for the County to begin looking in-depth at the ways the built environment (our streets, parks, and neighborhoods) contribute or detract from the …

Crowdsourcing Public Health Experiments: A Response To Jonathan Darrow's Crowdsourcing Clinical Trials, Ameet Sarpatwari, Christopher Robertson, David Yokum, Keith Joiner

Faculty Scholarship

We are pleased to have this opportunity to respond to Jonathan Darrow's article, Crowdsourcing Clinical Trials (CCT).' We seek to highlight its important contributions and to commence debate over some of its arguments. In particular, we qualify the ethical arguments that characterize early clinical use of drugs as if they were research, and suggest instead that, in either domain, the ethical (and legal) analysis should remain focused on whether all material information is provided so patients may make informed decisions. We also highlight the limits of what can be gleaned from the observational data collection efforts envisioned by CCT.

Ultimately, …

Thinking Collectively: Using A Food Systems Approach To Improve Public Health, Kathleen T. Morgan, Nurgul Fitzgerald

Journal of Extension

A nation can only be as healthy as its people. The daily news reminds us that we are overweight and obese and are suffering from preventable chronic diseases and that our country cannot sustain the level of health care costs through the next few decades. Extension professionals have the knowledge and experience to examine our food system closely and carry the momentum to promote healthy sustainable food systems aligned with our national guidelines. The goal is to create linkages among food systems, public health, and sustainable agriculture in order to achieve healthier eating and healthier communities.

A Cost-Benefit Analysis Of Sugary Drink Regulation In New York City, Shi-Ling Hsu

Journal of Food Law & Policy

New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio spent much of his time during his successful 2013 campaign positioning himself as the populist candidate, pointedly contrasting himself with the outgoing mayor, billionaire Michael Bloomberg. There is one Bloomberg initiative, however, that de Blasio has committed to carry forward: the city-wide size restriction on sales of "sugary drinks," most commonly, carbonated sodas. On city public health issues such as the sugary drink policy, the populist de Blasio and the billionaire Bloomberg would appear to have much in common. "People are dying every day, this is not a joke," remarked Bloomberg in striking …

Health And Welfare Preempted: How National Meat Association V. Harris Undermines Federalism, Food Safety, And Animal Protection, Marya Torrez

Journal of Food Law & Policy

In 2008, the Humane Society of the United States (HSUS) released an undercover video filmed at the Hallmark Meat Packing Company and Westland Meat Company (Hallmark/Westland) in Chino, California. "The footage depicted nonambulatory cows being kicked, dragged, electrocuted, jammed with forklifts and sprayed in the nostrils with water to simulate drowning - in an effort to get them to stand up and walk to their slaughter." At least five inspectors from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) - the federal agency tasked with ensuring that food safety and animal welfare guidelines are followed - were present at the time. The …

An Evaluation Of State Employees' Preferences For Worksite-Based Physical Activity, Nutrition, And Stress Management Programs, Peter Kadushin

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Worksite wellness programs (WWPs) have evolved over the last several decades as a way to positively impact employees' health, and to manage rising healthcare costs. Despite the impact that WWPs can have both clinically and financially, participation rates in many programs remain low. Some research has reported success in increasing participation and engagement through tailoring programs to fit employee preferences. The purpose of this study was to investigate the wellness programming preferences of state employees in West Virginia. A secondary purpose was to identify how these preferences differ by health risk, worksite wellness participation, age, and gender. Respondents (N = …

Creating Learning Systems: Lessons From Public Health Practice-Based Research Networks, Glen P. Mays

Health Management and Policy Presentations

Practice-based research networks (PBRNs) provide powerful mechanisms for implementing research studies that evaluate the health and economic effects of delivery system innovations. This presentation reviews strategies, emerging findings, and lessons learned from PBRNs and related studies conducted in U.S. public health settings. We give special focus to studies that examine multi-organizational and cross-sectoral strategies for population health improvement.

International Epidemics: Interdisciplinary Thinking And Global Citizenship, Rajini Srikanth, Louise Penner

Office of Community Partnerships Posters

The Honors College aims to serve as a crucible for curricular innovation by enriching and deepening classroom study with on-the-ground learning. The symposium is a year-long course, with the winter session field trip giving students a two-week immersion in the details of HIV/AIDS health care delivery in one province of South Africa. Upon return, students volunteer at health centers or nonprofits exploring related topics, while continuing to study the complexity of South Africa’s history and its attitudes and approaches toward HIV/AIDS at the medical, cultural, economic, and social levels.

Translational Nutrition: A Review Of The Application Of Nutrition Science, Regulation, And Outreach Case Study: Farm Fresh Rhode Island, Eliza Zalis

Public & Community Service Studies Student Scholarship

This project examines the avenues by which nutrition science impacts individuals in society. It examines the factors that influence consumer behavior and food choice and the importance of health literacy in guiding nutrition and health. It elucidates the role of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in regulating food labeling and the implications that such regulation has on consumer perception and possible health outcomes. Further, this project outlines recently proposed changes to the “Nutrition Facts” panel. In investigating nutrition education and outreach programs, this project includes a case study of Farm Fresh Rhode Island and the organization’s nutrition initiatives.

Strengthening The Science Of Public Health Delivery: Complexities In Implementation, Inference & Translation, Glen P. Mays

Health Management and Policy Presentations

Delivery systems for public health programs and policies are diffuse and heterogeneous across the U.S., reflecting wide variation in the capacity to implement population-level health improvement strategies. This lecture examines strategies for evaluating the causes and consequences of variation in public health delivery across the U.S., with a focus on identifying pathways for improving the health and economic effects of policy and practice.

Public Health In Southeast Asia: Focus On Adolescent Health Research, Randy M. Page

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Outcome 1: Students will develop research and presentation skills and gain confidence in their abilities. This project directed students to work on research conducted in Thailand focusing on adolescent body image and smoking. Students participated in research planning, collecting data and making sense of results, constructing data tables, translating research instruments, developing presentations, presenting findings at international conferences, and developing a manuscript for submission. A survey instrument was constructed to assess appearance-related social pressure, body weight satisfaction, and weight loss/maintenance behaviors in adolescents. Students worked with researchers in Thailand to translate the instrument from English to Thai, and through the …

Men Making Meaning Of Eating Disorders: A Qualitative Study, Robin Leichtman

ETD Archive

There is a stark contrast between the research and published accounts reflecting women's experiences in coping with an eating disorder in comparison to men's narratives. Because of this, many medical and mental health providers do not consider an eating disorder as a possible diagnosis when men present with symptoms associated with an eating disorder. This notion was confirmed by Menstuff┬« (2012), who reported men are often not diagnosed and/or are embarrassed by being diagnosed with an eating disorder because eating disorders have become more associated with a problem women or gay men experience. Assumptions that eating disorders are a female …

Nutritional Status Of Pediatric Inpatients In Kigali, Rwanda, Maria Nardell

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Background: In many resource-limited hospital settings, families struggle to pay for both food and medical expenses. To date, no study has looked at the nutritional status of pediatric inpatients in resource-limited countries or at factors related to food access in this vulnerable population.

Aims: This study investigates nutritional status and food intake of pediatric inpatients at Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Kigali (CHUK) in Rwanda to identify children at risk for inpatient food insecurity.

Methods: Caregivers of patients > 6 months of age and hospitalized for at least 1 week completed a validated food diversity survey. Individual Food Consumption Scores (FCS) were …

Exploring Perceptions And Experiences With Research Ethics In Bolivia, Sarah Sullivan, Armando Basagoitia, Annette Aalborg, Oscar Lanza, Jacqueline Cortez

Background: In Bolivia, there is increasing interest in the necessity of incorporating research ethics into study designs and procedures, but there is minimal data on the perceptions and experiences of Bolivian health science faculty, researchers, and national health administrators on research ethics. The Touro University California (TUC) Public Health Program is partnering with Bolivian universities to develop a comprehensive Research Education Ethics Program. In 2013, The Universidad Mayor de San Andrés received a National Institute of Health/Fogarty International Center Planning Grant award to develop the program. The two central aims of this program needs assessment are to describe the …

Intellectual Property And Public Health - A White Paper, Ryan Vacca

Faculty Publications

On October 26, 2012, The University of Akron School of Law's Center for Intellectual Property and Technology hosted its Sixth Annual IP Scholars Forum. In attendance were thirteen legal scholars with expertise and an interest in IP and public health who met to discuss problems and potential solutions at the intersection of these fields. This report summarizes this discussion by describing the problems raised, areas of agreement and disagreement between the participants, suggestions and solutions made by participants, and the subsequent evaluations of these suggestions and solutions.

Led by the moderator, participants at the Forum focused generally on three broad …