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Information Search And Causal Analysis: The Role Of Personal Involvement, J Douglas Hazlewood Jan 1988

Information Search And Causal Analysis: The Role Of Personal Involvement, J Douglas Hazlewood

Digitized Theses

How do people explain events with multiple possible causes? Past research has indicated that perceivers are usually content with discovering single, sufficient causes for observed events as opposed to considering multiple causation. We argue that this tendency for information search to be directed toward the role of single causes is, primarily, a manifestation of low involvement processing; perceivers will search for information relevant to multiple possible causes when they are suitably motivated to arrive at accurate causal conclusions.;Three experiments were conducted to test this hypothesis. High involvement subjects were told that the purpose of the study was to assess their …

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Dysfunctional Attitudes And Vulnerability To Depression: Implications For Stress Appraisals And Coping, Douglas Bruce Cane Jan 1988

Dysfunctional Attitudes And Vulnerability To Depression: Implications For Stress Appraisals And Coping, Douglas Bruce Cane

Digitized Theses

In recent years a number of models of depression have been developed which provide a theoretical basis for identifying factors that may increase a person's risk for depression. One such model, Beck's cognitive model of depression, hypothesizes that individuals who endorse a large number of dysfunctional attitudes are at risk for depression, and that the interaction of dysfunctional thinking with stressful life events results in depressive symptomatology. Using a measure of daily hassles to assess stress, the present study provided an evaluation of this proposed interaction. In addition, the stress appraisals and coping responses employed by these vulnerable individuals to …

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Adult Age Differences In Metacognition: Monitoring And Motivational Beliefs, Patricia Anne Devolder Jan 1988

Adult Age Differences In Metacognition: Monitoring And Motivational Beliefs, Patricia Anne Devolder

Digitized Theses

Older adults perform less well on a variety of cognitive tasks and use efficient strategies less often than do younger adults. Recently, metacognitive processes have been implicated in explanation of these phenomena. For example, the elderly may use strategies less often because they may be less aware of cognitive performance than are younger adults. These hypotheses motivate study of metacognition across the lifespan.;Adult age differences in cognitive monitoring were examined in two studies across a variety of tasks. Recall and recognition tests were administered in both studies. A measure of practical problem-solving was included in the first study, and face-name …

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Cognitive, Affective, And Coping Reactions Of High And Low Stress Mothers To Child Behaviors, Louise Anne-Marie Larose Jan 1988

Cognitive, Affective, And Coping Reactions Of High And Low Stress Mothers To Child Behaviors, Louise Anne-Marie Larose

Digitized Theses

Cognitive, affective, and coping reactions in the parenting role were examined as psychological mechanisms differentiating High and Low stress mothers. Sixty High and Low stress mothers of 3- to 6-year-old boys and girls were shown videotaped scenes of compliant, actively noncompliant, and passively noncompliant child behaviors. Parental stress was defined as occurring when a parent viewed her role as highly demanding (by either reducing the opportunity to engage in pleasurable activities or being obligated to assume unpleasant ones). Results indicated that, in comparison to the Low stress mothers, the High stress mothers thought they could resolve fewer scenes; felt they …

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Maternal Depression And Child Adjustment, Catherine Mary Lee Jan 1988

Maternal Depression And Child Adjustment, Catherine Mary Lee

Digitized Theses

The present study was designed to examine the relation between maternal depression and child adjustment. Three major issues were addressed. First, to determine the specificity to depression of observed effects, four groups of subjects were included in the study: clinically depressed psychiatric patients, nondepressed psychiatric patients, nondepressed medical patients, and nondepressed community women. Second, to determine whether previous maternal reports reflected accurate perceptions or were a function of a maternal negative response set, data on maternal adjustment, child adjustment, and mother-child interaction were obtained from multiple sources. Finally, the stability of observed effects was assessed by collecting data both early …

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Psychological Factors In The Development, Maintenance, And Treatment Outcome Of Temporomandibular Joint Pain And Dysfunction, Robert Francis Schnurr Jan 1988

Psychological Factors In The Development, Maintenance, And Treatment Outcome Of Temporomandibular Joint Pain And Dysfunction, Robert Francis Schnurr

Digitized Theses

This study examines the relationship between psychological factors and the development, maintenance, and treatment outcome of temporomandibular joint pain and dysfunction (TMJPD). Two hundred and two facial pain patients were classified, according to the diagnostic criteria of Eversole and Machado, as either myogenic facial pain (n = 42), internal derangement Type I (n = 69), internal derangement Type II n = 85), or internal derangement Type III (n = 6). During assessment, patients were administered a pressure pain threshold and tolerance task and completed the Basic Personality Inventory, the Illness Behavior Questionnaire, the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control, the Perceived …

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Personalization Patterns In Developing, Stable, And Deteriorating Relationships, Lisa Glueck, Joe Ayres Jan 1988

Personalization Patterns In Developing, Stable, And Deteriorating Relationships, Lisa Glueck, Joe Ayres

Communication Studies Faculty Works

This article was published in the Journal of the Northwest Communications Association in 1988. Glueck, L. & Ayres, J. (1988). Personalization patterns in developing, stable, and deteriorating relationships. Journal of Northwest Communication Association, 16, 61-81. Author Lisa Glueck is a professor of Communications Studies at Winona State University.

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Factors That Influence Hypothetical Treatment Decisions For Newborns With Mental Retardation And An Accompanying Life-Threatening Medical Disorder, David Bruce Flint Jan 1988

Factors That Influence Hypothetical Treatment Decisions For Newborns With Mental Retardation And An Accompanying Life-Threatening Medical Disorder, David Bruce Flint

Doctoral Dissertations

Treatment decisions made on behalf of newborns with mental retardation and an accompanying life-threatening medical disorder were studied. A group of 360 college students answered a set of questionnaires and responded to a vignette which asked for treatment decisions. The options ranged from full treatment including surgery to no treatment at all. The relationship of a number of variables to the treatment choices was assessed. The variables included level of moral reasoning, level of knowledge about and attitudes toward individuals with retardation, prior experience with individuals with retardation, religious affiliation, level of religious belief, prediction of quality of life for …

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A Controlled Evaluation Of Devotional Meditation And Progressive Muscle Relaxation, Charles R. Carlson, Panayiota E. Bacaseta, Dexter A. Simanton Jan 1988

A Controlled Evaluation Of Devotional Meditation And Progressive Muscle Relaxation, Charles R. Carlson, Panayiota E. Bacaseta, Dexter A. Simanton

CRVAW Faculty Journal Articles

The present study was conducted to determine the effects of devotional meditation (DM), defined as a period of prayer and quiet reading and pondering of biblical material, on physiological and psychological variables related to stress. It was hypothesized that religious persons engaging in DM experience physiological and psychological changes similar to those reported for persons using progressive relaxation (PR) exercises. Thirty-six participants, equally divided by sex into 3 groups: DM, PR, and a Wait List Control, underwent extensive psychophysiological assessment prior to and following a systematic introductio to either DM or PR. The hypothesis that DM could generate positive physiological …

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A Charisma Model Of Telepathic Communication, James M. Donovan Jan 1988

A Charisma Model Of Telepathic Communication, James M. Donovan

Law Faculty Scholarly Articles

This paper opened by making some general criticisms of the state of parapsychological research: that it suffered from a lack of external validity and from uncritical acceptance of a flawed paradigm. The charisma model was offered as an attempt to rectify these problems. It allows for laboratory experiments to be designed which closely approximate genuine human interactions by shifting the paradigm for telepathy from that of energy transfers to one of communication events.

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The Literary Traveler As A Metaphor Of A Human Psychological Cycle, Jeff Guga Jan 1988

The Literary Traveler As A Metaphor Of A Human Psychological Cycle, Jeff Guga

Honors Capstones

Readers of literature are frequently exposed to principal characters who are travelers. The traveler and his adventure are metaphors of a human psychological cycle—a cycle driven by the need to come to terms with our forthcoming deaths and a cycle which ends, if successful, with a perceived understanding of his or her existence. In pursuing this thesis, an analysis is made of the following novels: Candide, Don Quixote, Gulliver’s Travels, and the Divine Comedy (three books).

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The Role Of Dietary Compliance In Survival Of Hemodialysis Patients., Laurie Ruggiero Jan 1988

The Role Of Dietary Compliance In Survival Of Hemodialysis Patients., Laurie Ruggiero

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The goal of the current study was to gain knowledge of the role that dietary compliance plays in the survival of end-stage renal failure patients receiving chronic in-center hemodialysis. As a result of this type of research, health care professionals may better understand the individual and collective influence that various aspects of dietary compliance have on survival. This knowledge would also be helpful in the identification and intervention of dietary noncompliance in hemodialysis patients. The present study investigated the relation of three commonly employed physiological parameters of dietary compliance to survival on hemodialysis and how well these dietary variables independently …

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Diabetic And Normal Children's Understanding Of Illness Causality., Randi C. Mcallister Jan 1988

Diabetic And Normal Children's Understanding Of Illness Causality., Randi C. Mcallister

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The purpose of this study was to determine developmental levels of the understanding of illness causality among diabetic children as compared to normal children. Thirty diabetic and 30 normal children were interviewed in order to measure their conceptual understanding of various illnesses and of diabetes. The subjects were also tested on a set of conservation tasks in order to determine their general level of cognitive development. The data analysis consisted of multivariable analysis of variance; analysis of variance with each of the two illness interviews as a dependent measure; analysis of covariance; a correlation of scores on the conservation tasks …

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Adjustment Of Spouses With Caregiving Of Mentally Impaired, Physically Impaired, And Nonimpaired Elderly., Audrey Kay Sistler Jan 1988

Adjustment Of Spouses With Caregiving Of Mentally Impaired, Physically Impaired, And Nonimpaired Elderly., Audrey Kay Sistler

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

In this research the relationship between coping, controllability, developmental level, and subjective well-being was examined within the context of caring for an impaired spouse. Seventy-seven older persons in three different categories participated in the study: (a) individuals who cared for a mentally impaired spouse, (b) individuals who cared for a physically impaired spouse, and (c) individuals who lived with a non-impaired spouse. Results indicated that the the non-caregivers had a higher level of well-being than caregivers of the physically impaired and caregivers of the mentally impaired. Caregivers of the mentally impaired individuals sought more social support and engaged in more …

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Setting Events And Parent-Child Interactions: An Assessment Study., Laura Busch Carper Jan 1988

Setting Events And Parent-Child Interactions: An Assessment Study., Laura Busch Carper

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Recently, the influence of setting events upon parent-child interactions has emerged as a focus of study. While the effects of these setting events on family relationships have been discussed, few researchers have attempted to evaluate systematically the influence of a variety of setting events on parent-child interactions. The purpose of this study was to examine a number of potential setting events, and to determine whether these setting events covary with day to day parent-child interactions. Subjects were 7 mother-child dyads seeking psychological services due to the child's oppositional behavior. This study investigated the relationship between setting events (as measured by …

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The Measure Of Adolescent Social Competence (Masc): Development And Initial Validation., Timothy Augustine Cavell Jan 1988

The Measure Of Adolescent Social Competence (Masc): Development And Initial Validation., Timothy Augustine Cavell

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The Measure of Adolescent Social Competence (MASC) was designed to offer a clinically practical way to assess adolescent social function within relevant contexts. The MASC is a 50-item, self-report measure constructed via the following steps: (a) item generation (N = 271 subjects from grades 7, 9, and 11); (b) item selection and development (N = 604 subjects from grades 7, 9, and 11); (c) response enumeration (N = 154 subjects from grades 7, 9, and 11); and (d) response evaluation by adult raters (e.g., parents, teachers, counselors). Initial validation of the MASC examined its relation to peer nominations, teacher ratings …

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Behavioral Correlates Of Children's Social Competence: An Investigation Of Two Social Skills Classification Models., Carol Elizabeth Frentz Jan 1988

Behavioral Correlates Of Children's Social Competence: An Investigation Of Two Social Skills Classification Models., Carol Elizabeth Frentz

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The purpose of the study was to investigate behavioral correlates of children's social competence as classified by two different models, one focused on sociometric status, and the other based on more specific social skill deficits. A total sample of 971 junior high school students, either regular education or mainstreamed handicapped, were included in the study. Based on a peer nomination inventory, children classified as popular, controversial, neglected, and rejected, were compared within three different behavioral domains, social skills, academic achievement, and behavior problems. Major findings included the following: (a) popular children obtained relatively higher scores on social skills, followed by …

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A Behavior Analytic Model For Nonorganic Failure To Thrive: Observations Of Parent And Child Behavior During Feeding Interactions., Robert Warren Heffer Jr Jan 1988

A Behavior Analytic Model For Nonorganic Failure To Thrive: Observations Of Parent And Child Behavior During Feeding Interactions., Robert Warren Heffer Jr

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

This study was the first to apply a behavior analytic model of assessment to failure to thrive (FTT) by observing parent and child behavior during mealtimes at hospitalization for provisional diagnosis of FTT. Descriptive data (e.g., child growth parameters, temperament, and developmental status; maternal medical history and psychopathology; and demographic information) also were collected. The specific goal, however, was to identify feeding behaviors that differed in rate of occurrence in parent-child dyads in which the child was classified: (a) nonorganic failure to thrive (NOFTT) or Mixed FTT (e.g., physical and psychosocial etiology), (b) organic failure to thrive (OFTT), or (c) …

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Comprehension And Memory Of A Sexual Script: A Test Of Schema/Scripting Theory., Janis Ruth Kirsch Jan 1988

Comprehension And Memory Of A Sexual Script: A Test Of Schema/Scripting Theory., Janis Ruth Kirsch

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Cognitive scientists have studied how individuals process non-sexual text, and schema/scripting theory appears to be a useful way of conceptualizing their findings. This study applied schema/scripting theory findings to sexual text and predicted that Atypical or unnecessary script actions would initially be remembered better than Typical script actions, but that over time Typical script actions would be remembered better as the generic script becomes increasingly important. The present study also incorporated findings from another line of research relevant to schema/scripting theory and predicted that the perspective taken by the reader while reading a story about a sexual encounter would affect …

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Softball Officials : Differences In Self-Esteem Based On Gender And Rating Status, Peggy Ann Yockey Jan 1988

Softball Officials : Differences In Self-Esteem Based On Gender And Rating Status, Peggy Ann Yockey

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

Officiating sport contests requires much personal control and poise, self-confidence, and a thorough knowledge of the rules and mechanics. Accepted as a part of sport, through exhibitions of improper player, coach, and spectator behavior, is criticism of officials. The impact of such criticism on the self-esteem of the official appears to be a key question and prompted this research. The study problem was to determine the gender and rating difference in self-esteem, if any, of Amateur Softball Association (A.S.A.) officials of the Greater San Joaquin Valley (GSJV) Metro. Specifically, the study compared the self-esteem level of: (1) softball officials and …

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Psychology Among The Saints: The Development Of Behavioral Science At Brigham Young University, Bruce L. Brown, Mark K. Allen Jan 1988

Psychology Among The Saints: The Development Of Behavioral Science At Brigham Young University, Bruce L. Brown, Mark K. Allen

Faculty Publications

There was a strong interest in psychology at Brigham Young University at the turn of the century; the third president was a psychologist and a number of distinguished psychologists regularly visited the campus. An outstanding young scholar who was destined to become the only Mormon president of the American Psychological Association started a vigorous academic psychology program in those early years, but he left the university because of a controversy over his teachings. Psychology at Brigham Young University developed little from that time until the 1940s. The 1950s were a time of rapid growth and development, expansion of the faculty, …

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Multisensory Discrimination And Representational Memory Deficits In Post-Thiamine Deficient Rats: Testing An Animal Model Of Human Wernicke-Korsakoff's Disease, Russell Laine Knoth Jan 1988

Multisensory Discrimination And Representational Memory Deficits In Post-Thiamine Deficient Rats: Testing An Animal Model Of Human Wernicke-Korsakoff's Disease, Russell Laine Knoth

Doctoral Dissertations

The most common cause of diencephaic amnesia in human is Wernicke-Korsakoff's disease, the psychological component of a nutritional polyneuropathy associated with chronic alcoholism. It has long been understood that Wernicke-Korsakoff's disease is caused by thiamine deficiency. The symptoms of the acute Wernicke's phase of this disease include disorientation, ataxia, and ocular nystagmus, and if left untreated, death. If treated with thiamine, the acute symptoms quickly subside. However, following recovery from the acute Wernicke's symptoms, many patients evidence the symptoms of the chronic Korsakoff's syndrome, which includes both global anterograde and retrograde memory deficits and personality changes. The memory deficits observed …

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A Community Sample's Knowledge Of, Judgment Of, And Attitudes Toward Childrearing And Child Abuse., Harriet Schoenberg Williams Jan 1988

A Community Sample's Knowledge Of, Judgment Of, And Attitudes Toward Childrearing And Child Abuse., Harriet Schoenberg Williams

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The present study addressed an important void in the literature of child abuse prevention. The challenge in empirical development of preventive education in child abuse to the public lies in the identification of specific target behaviors which are (1) related to potential child abuse, and (2) amenable to education. This investigation examined individual's expectations, attitudes and beliefs toward childrearing, as well as individual's knowledge of childrearing and behavioral child management techniques. Data generated in this study also evaluated the presence of differential judgments of child abuse in a community sample. Two hundred and eighty-two community volunteers participated in this study. …

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The Relation Between Major Life Events, Minor Events And Psychological Distress., James Cook Gilchrist Jan 1988

The Relation Between Major Life Events, Minor Events And Psychological Distress., James Cook Gilchrist

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The relation between life events and psychological distress has been a subject of considerable interest in recent years. Most previous research has focused on major life events. The present study investigated the role of minor daily events and their relation to symptoms of depression, anxiety and global psychological distress. Two scoring approaches were used for both types of events; frequency of occurrence and the subjective weighting of each occurrence. A total of one hundred and ninety one subjects volunteered from the community. Each subject completed the daily stress scale each day for seven consecutive days. At the end of the …

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Construct Validity Of Depression And Anxiety In Pre-Adolescents And Adolescents: A Taxometric Approach., Michael P. Carey Jan 1988

Construct Validity Of Depression And Anxiety In Pre-Adolescents And Adolescents: A Taxometric Approach., Michael P. Carey

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The similarities and differences of the response classes of depression and anxiety were investigated with a sample of pre-adolescents and adolescents. The subjects were 412 pre-adolescents and adolescents from a local public school and a local psychiatric hospital. All of the participants were administered a battery of self-rating on two consecutive days. Two self-ratings of depression and two anxiety measures were utilized in order to adequately sample the content domains. Additionally, self-ratings were used to assess nine related response classes (i.e, fears, social skills, major life events, activity, hopelessness, depressed mood, anxious mood, parent-adolescent conflict, and dysfunctional thoughts). All assessment …

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A Test Of Two Models Of Controllability In Institutionalized Older Adults., Jane Coleman Irion Jan 1988

A Test Of Two Models Of Controllability In Institutionalized Older Adults., Jane Coleman Irion

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The present study investigated contemporary and traditional theoretical models of controllability and their relation to outcomes such as depression and well-being among institutionalized older adults. Participants included 70 nursing home residents screened for absence of substantial cognitive impairment. They were administered measures of physical disability, symptoms of aging, depression, and well-being. Further, in addition to a traditional, global measure of locus of control, subjects were interviewed regarding their perceptions of control in four domains of living: meals, activities, privacy, and schedule, in order to assess the constructs proposed by the contemporary two-process model of control. Results affirmed the hypothesis that …

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Cerebral Dominance, Language, And Emotion: A Divided Visual Field Study Of Lateral Asymmetries In The Processing Of Verbal Stimuli., Margaret Helene Launius Jan 1988

Cerebral Dominance, Language, And Emotion: A Divided Visual Field Study Of Lateral Asymmetries In The Processing Of Verbal Stimuli., Margaret Helene Launius

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Thirty male and thirty female undergraduate students participated in a divided visual field study designed to examine the effects of emotional content on cerebral lateral asymmetries in the processing of verbal stimuli. The study utilized a randomized block design with a three-factor factorial arrangement of treatments. Each of the three within-subjects factors has two levels, resulting in a Task (lexical, affect-salient) x Word Type (happy, sad) x Visual Field (left, right) design. A bilateral presentation/manual response paradigm was utilized. In the lexical task, emotional words were paired with nonsense words and subjects were asked to respond to the "real English …

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Semantic Encoding In Alzheimer's Disease And Multi-Infarct Dementia., Bryan Alan Bernard Jan 1988

Semantic Encoding In Alzheimer's Disease And Multi-Infarct Dementia., Bryan Alan Bernard

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Episodic and semantic memory tasks were administered to patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and patients with multi-infarct dementia (MID). The MID group had multi-focal lesions predominantly in the subcortical regions. Episodic memory is recall of events in a particular temporal-spatial context, whereas semantic memory is "knowledge" memory regarding words and their associations. The AD and MID groups were comparable in terms of level of dementia. A control group of healthy elderly subjects was comparable to the dementia groups in regard to age and years of education. The experimental measure of semantic encoding involved presentation of six 14-word lists composed of …

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An Investigation Of Legal Reasoning In Decisions To Raise The Competency To Stand Trial Motion., Lisa Myra Berman Jan 1988

An Investigation Of Legal Reasoning In Decisions To Raise The Competency To Stand Trial Motion., Lisa Myra Berman

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Competency to stand trial evaluations lack an operational criterion for evaluation by mental health professionals. This dissertation investigated the legal reasoning behind the decision to raise the competency motion, to highlight variables which might contribute to such a definition. In the first study, 224 defendants in the Baton Rouge Public Defender's Office were described by the legal investigators using endorsements on the Pre Trial Behavior Checklist, a list of descriptors adapted from competency research conducted by Roesch and Golding (1980). A discriminant analysis using all the PTBC subscales predicted the raising of the motion at a rate greater than chance. …

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Migraine And Psychopathology : An Analysis By Migraine Subtype, Geraldine Teresa Mogavero Jan 1988

Migraine And Psychopathology : An Analysis By Migraine Subtype, Geraldine Teresa Mogavero

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

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