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Analysis Of A Multidimensional Model Of Body Image Disturbance Using Structural Modeling., David Hunter Gleaves Jan 1993

Analysis Of A Multidimensional Model Of Body Image Disturbance Using Structural Modeling., David Hunter Gleaves

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Although there has been a wealth of recent research on the construct of body image disturbance, it is still a highly controversial and poorly understood phenomenon. Much of previous research has treated body image disturbance as if it were a unidimensional construct. Recently, a multidimensional model was proposed which incorporated the concepts of body size distortion, preference for thinness, body dissatisfaction, and fear of fatness. The purpose of the present investigation was to examine this multidimensional model in an attempt to establish its validity and resolve many of the current controversies regarding body image disturbance. The LISREL 7 program was …

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Daily Stress And Smoking., Kathryn Leigh Nathan Jan 1993

Daily Stress And Smoking., Kathryn Leigh Nathan

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

This study examined daily minor stress and cigarette smoking in adult habitual smokers. In this study, 55 subjects monitored daily stress, daily state anxiety, and daily cigarette intake for 21 consecutive days. Subjects also completed measures of trait anxiety, self-reported smoking motives, recent major life events, and social support. These variables, along with gender, were used to predict associations between daily cigarette intake and scores on daily stress and anxiety inventories. Results of within- and between-subjects time series correlational analyses showed significant associations between scores on measures of daily stress and daily cigarette intake. While subjects as individuals showed marked …

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Dual Diagnosis In Persons With Severe Or Profound Mental Retardation: A Reliability Study Of The Dash., Jay Anthony Sevin Jan 1993

Dual Diagnosis In Persons With Severe Or Profound Mental Retardation: A Reliability Study Of The Dash., Jay Anthony Sevin

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The present study was designed to extend the literature on assessing psychopathology in persons with mental retardation. The primary goal of the study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Diagnostic Assessment for the Severely Handicapped (DASH), focusing on reliability issues. A secondary goal was to examine the prevalence of psychopathology and behavior problems in the severely handicapped. Subjects included 658 institutionalized adults with severe or profound mental retardation. Adequate reliability of DASH items and subscales, with a few notable exceptions, was obtained. Prevalence rates of various behavior disorders and symptoms of mental illness are presented. Practical implications of …

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Psychological Reactions To An Mi: A Study Of Attention And Avoidance To Cardiac Stimuli., Joseph Ila Constans Jan 1993

Psychological Reactions To An Mi: A Study Of Attention And Avoidance To Cardiac Stimuli., Joseph Ila Constans

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Previous research has shown that anxiety-disordered subjects attend to information directly relevant to their area of concern. In this study, it was postulated that cardiac-related stimuli would have attention capturing characteristics for individuals with no psychiatric history but who had recently experienced a myocardial infarction (MI). To study this hypothesis, MI subjects (n = 34) and matched controls (n = 31) participated in an attentional search task. MI subjects showed slower reaction times (RT) for both cardiac and socially threatening distractors compared to RT when neutral distractors were present. For both MI and control subjects distress level was associated with …

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Depressive Symptoms In Prepubertal Children., Lesley Stabinsky Compton Jan 1993

Depressive Symptoms In Prepubertal Children., Lesley Stabinsky Compton

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

This study was designed: (1) to explore interinformant reliability between preadolescent students, their teachers, and their parents; (2) to investigate the use of standardized and non-standardized academic variables as predictors of depression; and (3) to assess differences in depression between black and white students. One hundred and twenty, fourth and fifth grade students and teachers participated. Sixty-eight parents also volunteered for this study. The Child Depression Inventory and the modified Bellevue Index of Depression were administered to students, teachers, and parents. Significant but moderate interinformant reliability was found between teachers and students and between teachers and parents on both assessment …

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The Development Of An Inventory To Measure Bereavement., David Nicholas Hayes Jan 1993

The Development Of An Inventory To Measure Bereavement., David Nicholas Hayes

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

This study describes the development of a self-report inventory to measure bereavement. The inventory was called the Hayes Bereavement Inventory (HBI). Items for the inventory were provided by four grief therapists with at least three years of experience in bereavement counseling. Items were written in a format similar to the Beck Depression Inventory. Four hundred and forty adults bereaved in the past five years completed the bereavement inventory, three widely used self-report measures of depression, anxiety, and anger, and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. Respondents lost loved ones to death from a variety of causes which included medical diseases, car accidents, …

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Attentional Bias And Subjective Risk In Hypochondriacal Concern., Polly Beth Hitchcock Jan 1993

Attentional Bias And Subjective Risk In Hypochondriacal Concern., Polly Beth Hitchcock

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Although cognitive theories suggest that attentional bias to illness stimuli and inflation of subjective risk of future negative health events are etiologically related to hypochondriacal concern, little empirical research has been conducted on these cognitive distortions. The present study investigated attentional bias, as inferred from RTs on an attentional search information processing paradigm, and subjective risk, as measured by probability judgments of future health events, in 200 medical outpatients differing in level of hypochondriacal concern. It was hypothesized that hypochondriacal concern would be associated with specific cognitive biases for illness-related, as opposed to socially threatening, stimuli. It was also hypothesized …

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Differential Comparison Standards And Their Subsequent Effects On The Agreement Between Self- And Supervisor Performance Appraisal Ratings., Brian Wayne Schrader Jan 1993

Differential Comparison Standards And Their Subsequent Effects On The Agreement Between Self- And Supervisor Performance Appraisal Ratings., Brian Wayne Schrader

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

This study examined differential comparison standards (i.e., comparative bases for performance evaluation) and their effects on the level of agreement between supervisory and self-raters (i.e., subordinates) within the context of a performance appraisal system. The purpose of the research was to determine whether differential comparison standards represented an underlying mechanism in the traditionally poor correlational relationship between self-supervisor performance ratings. Supervisor and subordinate rater dyads (N = 106 dyads) evaluated job performance across three dimensions using five different comparison standards (ambiguous, internal, absolute, relative, and multiple) in addition to providing preference, availability, and relevancy ratings. Results supported the hypotheses indicating …

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Psychosocial Co-Factors And Hiv Disease Status., Bradley Thomas Thomason Jan 1993

Psychosocial Co-Factors And Hiv Disease Status., Bradley Thomas Thomason

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Concern over the devastating effects of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has been met with rigorous research efforts by allied health professions. Identifying variables, or co-factors, that contribute to the progression of HIV has been of increased interest to health professionals in recent years. Social scientists as well as medical professionals have begun to offer evidence that certain psychosocial co-factors are important in predicting the health status of HIV-positive individuals. A few models have been offered to illustrate the interrelations among psychosocial co-factors and HIV disease. Stress, social support, coping, and mood states constitute the most frequently researched variables in …

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Report, Pothole Lake Fire: An Analysis Of Emotion In A Successful Emergency Response, 1993, Kathleen M. Carley Jan 1993

Report, Pothole Lake Fire: An Analysis Of Emotion In A Successful Emergency Response, 1993, Kathleen M. Carley

Natural Hazards Center Collection

"This study explores the emotional content of an effective disaster response situation and its coordination by the Incident Command System. Twenty-seven firefighters and local residents were interviewed during a major wildlife in 1991."

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Cross-Racial Helping Behaviors Of College Students, Judi Lee Oleski Jan 1993

Cross-Racial Helping Behaviors Of College Students, Judi Lee Oleski

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study investigated cross-racial helping behavior of college students. The subject pool consisted of 160 undergraduate students (40 Black women, 40 Black men, 40 White women, 40 White men) from a predominately White, midwestern university. The format of the study involved the solicitation of help by either a Black or a White graduate student in need of assistance with a research project. Following a brief distractor exercise, the graduate student (help seeker) asked subjects how much further time they would be willing to commit to the research project. In order to minimize the effects of social desirability, subjects were asked …

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Self-Regulatory Speech In Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disordered Children, Megan Lee Marquier Jan 1993

Self-Regulatory Speech In Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disordered Children, Megan Lee Marquier

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Self-regulation of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disordered (ADHD) boys was assessed by examining differences in task-directive verbalizations between boys with ADHD and their peers using Meichenbaum et al.'s (1992) coding system. Eleven dyads of ADHD/normal boys and eleven dyads of normal/normal boys were asked to work on a Lego block task. All of the boys were between the ages of 7 and 10 years and were rated to be average or above in intelligence. Videotapes of the interactions were transcribed and coded for task functions, dialogue features, affect, attribution, and behavioral ratings. Correlated and independent sample t-tests showed that the non-ADHD …

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The Impact Of Computer-Assisted And Traditional Group Assertiveness Training On The Self-Esteem Of Pregnant And Parenting Adolescents, Joanne King Jan 1993

The Impact Of Computer-Assisted And Traditional Group Assertiveness Training On The Self-Esteem Of Pregnant And Parenting Adolescents, Joanne King

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study investigated the differential effectiveness of a computer-assisted assertiveness training program and a traditional assertiveness training group on the self-esteem of pregnant teenagers and adolescent mothers. Self-esteem was defined as a multidimensional construct consisting of the following elements: global self-esteem, performance or agentic self-esteem, behavioral self-esteem, assertiveness, and aggressiveness. A total of 37 subjects participated in the study and produced valid scores on the posttreatment measures--16 in the computer-assisted group (7 pregnant, 9 parenting) and 21 in the traditional group (8 pregnant, 13 parenting). Treatment for the computer-assisted group extended for eight weeks and consisted of a weekly, 30-45 …

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Independence In The Elderly: A Review Of Activity Theory And Its Application, Michelle Dean Jan 1993

Independence In The Elderly: A Review Of Activity Theory And Its Application, Michelle Dean

Whittier Scholars Program

Activity Theory is a major social theory in gerontology. Gerontology is a multidisciplinary approach to the study of aging individuals which combines fields such as biology, medicine, biochemistry, sociology, and psychology. This presentation will investigate causes of aging and the life cycle of aging individuals. A brief description of the major social theories of aging and their implications for life satisfaction in the culture of the American society will provide an introduction to the primary objective, which is independence in the elderly and the application of Activity theory. The outcome of this study and future concerns for research in gerontology …

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Myself Alone: Individualizing Justice Through Psychological Character Evidence, Andrew E. Taslitz Jan 1993

Myself Alone: Individualizing Justice Through Psychological Character Evidence, Andrew E. Taslitz

Maryland Law Review

No abstract provided.

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The Antecedents And Consequences Of Transformational Leadership., Andrew J. Meibaum Iii Jan 1993

The Antecedents And Consequences Of Transformational Leadership., Andrew J. Meibaum Iii

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The present study examined the relations among theoretical antecedents and consequences of transformational leadership style. Thirty hospital CEOs completed questionnaires measuring self-esteem, autonomy, need for achievement, dominance, and hospital strategy. In addition, 214 subordinates rated the leadership style of the 30 CEOs. The hypothesized links between CEO personality and transformational leadership style were not supported. Also, the hypothesized relation between transformational leadership style and organizational effectiveness was not supported. Supplemental analyses revealed a direct relation between CEO self-esteem and organizational effectiveness and between organizational strategy and organizational effectiveness. Specifically, CEO self-esteem was positively related to organizational effectiveness, and a domain-offensive …

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Recognition And Production Of Facial Emotion By Autistic Children., Steven R. Love Jan 1993

Recognition And Production Of Facial Emotion By Autistic Children., Steven R. Love

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Autistic males ages 8 to 16 made significantly more errors than did chronologically and intellectually age-matched nonautistic normal and mentally retarded males on emotion recognition tasks using audiotaped and videotaped emotion sequences. The audiotape and videotape included "happy" "sad," "scared," "angry," and "no emotion" sequences. Emotional sequences included emotionally relevant verbal content and the length of verbalized material in the emotional sequences was limited to between 4 and 10 words. Videotaped sequences showed actors portraying facial expressions and verbal content consistent with the five emotion states. Both tapes were rated by normal adults and children as containing "socially valid" representations …

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The Impact Of Personal Grief Due To Loss Of A Spouse On A Pastor's Ongoing Ministry: A Study Of Loss In The First Fifteen Years Of Ministry , Gayle Hubbard Arnold Jan 1993

The Impact Of Personal Grief Due To Loss Of A Spouse On A Pastor's Ongoing Ministry: A Study Of Loss In The First Fifteen Years Of Ministry , Gayle Hubbard Arnold

ATS Dissertations

No abstract provided.

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Methodological Solipsism Reconsidered: Is There Anybody Out There?, Peter Asaro '94 Jan 1993

Methodological Solipsism Reconsidered: Is There Anybody Out There?, Peter Asaro '94

Undergraduate Review

No abstract provided.

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Adolescent Coping Styles And Response To Stress: A Study Of The Relationship Between The Preferred Coping Styles Of Female Senior High School Students And Their Levels Of Anxiety And Self-Confidence When Facing A Major Academic Stressor, Elizabeth J. Lawson Jan 1993

Adolescent Coping Styles And Response To Stress: A Study Of The Relationship Between The Preferred Coping Styles Of Female Senior High School Students And Their Levels Of Anxiety And Self-Confidence When Facing A Major Academic Stressor, Elizabeth J. Lawson

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

A growing body of research indicates the importance of coping strategies when an individual responds to environmental demands. Community concern about the maladaptive responses of some adolescents, limited research with this age group, and the development of a new Australian measure of adolescent coping provided the impetus for this study. The study was conducted with 141 female students in their final year of High School. They completed the Adolescent Coping Scale (ACS) in March, and measures of anxiety and self-confidence in November, just before major external examinations. Behavioural rating scales were completed by parents and teachers. The adolescent group reported …

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Children's Understanding Of Intentions, Emotions, And Intention-Emotion Relationships, Kathleen Grace Haver, Elaine M. Justice Jan 1993

Children's Understanding Of Intentions, Emotions, And Intention-Emotion Relationships, Kathleen Grace Haver, Elaine M. Justice

Modern Psychological Studies

This study examined children's understanding of the role of intentionality in social interactions. Four, six, and eight year olds were read stories, illustrated with simple pictures, depicting accidental or deliberate actions. The study used a forced choice paradigm that asked children to indicate which of two pictures showed (1) an intentional (or unintentional) act and (2) a situation in which the victim would be sad (or mad). Six and eight year olds, but not Four year olds, correctly identified deliberate actions at above chance levels. Eight year olds identified accidental actions and situations in which the victim would be mad …

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Personality Factors Related To Sobriety For Participants In Alcoholics Anonymous, Harold L. Goodearle, Colleen Hester Jan 1993

Personality Factors Related To Sobriety For Participants In Alcoholics Anonymous, Harold L. Goodearle, Colleen Hester

Modern Psychological Studies

The effects of extraversion introversion (E-I), locus of control (LC), and attitudes towards a "Power greater than ourselves" (PGO) on number of relapse episodes, number of times in treatment, and length of sobriety were explored. Volunteers from local Alcoholics Anonymous (A.A.) groups (n=72) and two inpatient treatment centers (n=52) completed the Eysenck Personality Inventory, the Rotter Locus of Control measure, a questionnaire designed by the author to assess attitudes concerning the concept adopted by A.A. of a PGO, and a brief self report survey. Results of the multiple regression analyses exploring the effects of E-I, LC, and PGO indicated the …

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The Presence Of Gender Biases And Sex-Role Stereotypres In Animated Children's Movies, Tracey K. Wheatcraft Jan 1993

The Presence Of Gender Biases And Sex-Role Stereotypres In Animated Children's Movies, Tracey K. Wheatcraft

Modern Psychological Studies

This study explored the occurrences of gender biases and sex-role stereotypes in animated children's movies. The contents of thirteen movies were analyzed in this study, including both adventure and romance-based selections. Six of the movies featured female central characters and seven featured male central characters. The results of the study indicate that gender biases are present in the number of males and females portrayed (p < .01) as well as in the number of rescue behaviors exhibited by the characters (p < .01). Stereotypical differences in masculine and feminine personality characteristics were shown to be present, but not to a significant extent (p > .05).

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Birth, Death, And Recreation: An Archetypical Interpretation Of Mary Shelley's Waking Vision, Irish-Ann Burch Jan 1993

Birth, Death, And Recreation: An Archetypical Interpretation Of Mary Shelley's Waking Vision, Irish-Ann Burch

Modern Psychological Studies

Mary Shelly, the author of Frankenstein (Shelley, 1831), experienced a waking vision, leading to the creation of Frankenstein. Using Jungian theory, the characters in Frankenstein can be understood as projections of Mary's repressed feelings. These projections occurred because of Mary's strong identification with the mother archetype, consisting of 1) the maternal element and 2) the Eros. Mary had a hypertrophy (exaggerated identification) of the maternal element and a strong identification with the Eros, due to the early death of her mother and the later deaths of her three children. These events combined to produce Mary's unique personality development and her …

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Front Matter Jan 1993

Front Matter

Modern Psychological Studies

No abstract provided.

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Effects Of Juror And Expert Witness Gender On Jurors' Perceptions Of An Expert Witness, Lynelle Vondergeest, Charles R. Honts, Mary K. Devitt Jan 1993

Effects Of Juror And Expert Witness Gender On Jurors' Perceptions Of An Expert Witness, Lynelle Vondergeest, Charles R. Honts, Mary K. Devitt

Modern Psychological Studies

This study examined the effects of juror and expert witness gender on jurors' perceptions of an expert witness. Undergraduate psychology students completed the Bern Sex Role Inventory and then read an edited trial transcript of an armed robbery case. The trial transcript contained expert testimony from a polygraph examiner. In half of the transcripts the expert was male and in the other half the expert was female. Subjects were then asked to render a verdict and answer questions about their perceptions of the witnesses and the trial. No significant effects were found in either the verdicts or the questionnaire responses …

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The Effects Of Education On Homophobic Attitudes In College Students, Janell Horton, Mark Senffner, K. Schiffner, E. Riveria, Judith G. Foy Jan 1993

The Effects Of Education On Homophobic Attitudes In College Students, Janell Horton, Mark Senffner, K. Schiffner, E. Riveria, Judith G. Foy

Modern Psychological Studies

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether attitudes towards homosexuals could be modified by education from a biological or moral/religious perspective. Sixty-eight male and fifty-seven female volunteers from a mid-sized Catholic liberal arts university were randomly assigned to two groups. The first group viewed a video discussing homosexuality from a biological perspective. The second group viewed a video discussing homosexuality from a moral/religious perspective. The subject's attitudes towards homosexuality were measured with a modified version of Smith's "Homophobic Scale" (Lumby, 1976) immediately after viewing the video. A two-way (video x gender) ANOVA revealed significant main effects of video …

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Perceptions Of Date Rape On A College Campus, Donita A. Phipps, Christine M. Szekeres Jan 1993

Perceptions Of Date Rape On A College Campus, Donita A. Phipps, Christine M. Szekeres

Modern Psychological Studies

The occurrences and attitudes about date rape were surveyed at a small Midwestern college campus. They were measured through a vignette in which a date rape occurred, and a survey which contained demographic questions, true/false and Likert scale items. The Likert items were divided into three types: 1) nine questions a date rapist would strongly agree with (male initiator items); 2) nine questions someone sophisticated about rape would strongly agree with (egalitarian items); and 3) three neutral questions (bystander items). From these items a male-initiator and egalitarian score was derived for each S. T-test results indicate that male Ss had …

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The Relationship Amond Self-, Teachers', And Peers' Perceptions Of Competence For Children With Severe Behavior Disorders, Anna Marie Stewart, David S. Glenwick Jan 1993

The Relationship Amond Self-, Teachers', And Peers' Perceptions Of Competence For Children With Severe Behavior Disorders, Anna Marie Stewart, David S. Glenwick

Modern Psychological Studies

This study investigated the feasibility of Harter's multidomain perceived self-competence scales with children evidencing severe behavior disorders. Subjects were 46 children in a psychoeducational day treatment program. The younger group (n=29), ages 5--7 years, was administered Harter's Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence and Social Acceptance for Young Children. The older group (g=17), ages 8--9 years, was administered Harter's Self-Perception Profile for Children. Additionally, the children rated their peers on a peer rating scale, and their teachers rated the children's competence using Harter's teacher rating scales. The resulting pattern of correlations among self-, teachers', and peers' ratings, and ttests comparing self- …

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Worry And The Inhibition Of Emotionally Valanced Stimuli In A Directed Forgetting Paradigm, T. Michelle Brown, Rich Metzger, Carol Bilbrey Jan 1993

Worry And The Inhibition Of Emotionally Valanced Stimuli In A Directed Forgetting Paradigm, T. Michelle Brown, Rich Metzger, Carol Bilbrey

Modern Psychological Studies

There is considerable evidence in support of an attentional bias among clinically anxious individuals for threatening stimuli. However, a similar bias is not usually found in non-clinical anxious individuals and neither population has tended to show a response bias for mood-congruent information. We proposed that the measurement of anxiety in normals has previously been flawed due to questionnaires which do not accurately select pathological worry, the cognitive component of anxiety. First, we administered the Penn State Worry Questionnaire and selected only those with the most extreme high and low scores. At the time of testing, these subjects were given a …

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