Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Digital Commons Network™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Psychology

Discipline
Institution
Publication Year
Publication
Publication Type
File Type

Articles 5611 - 5640 of 7646

Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network

Behavioral Self-Handicapping Among Male And Femal Athletes, Richanne C. Sniezek Jan 2001

Behavioral Self-Handicapping Among Male And Femal Athletes, Richanne C. Sniezek

Modern Psychological Studies

Self-handicapping is a term used to refer to the strategic creation of obstacles that interfere with successful performance of a task. Self-handicapping allows a person to credit failure to an external cause (the handicap) or to credit success to an internal cause (e.g., ability to overcome an obstacle), thereby protecting self-esteem in either case. The general consensus among researchers has been that women do not behaviorally self-handicap. The goal of the present study is twofold. The first goal is to explore possible paradigms in which females behaviorally selfhandicap. It is proposed that self-handicapping women do choose behavioral handicaps in high …

Go to article

Sex: The Defining Variable In Mate Selection, Shirley A. Forbes, Tanacha Brown, Timothy Adams, Lenore Davis Jan 2001

Sex: The Defining Variable In Mate Selection, Shirley A. Forbes, Tanacha Brown, Timothy Adams, Lenore Davis

Modern Psychological Studies

The evolutionary hypothesis of mate selection was tested by combining traits deemed as evolutionarily valued (Cramer, Schaeffer Et Reid, 1996) with pictures showing facial features deemed as physically attractive according to the evolutionary hypothesis (Buss, 1989; Singh, 1995). Traits and pictures not congruent with the evolutionary hypothesis were also presented. Four stimulus persons were presented to ninety-one male subjects and 114 female subjects who were asked to rate their desirability as a mate. The results showed a main effect for stimulus condition, with the physical attractiveness pictures receiving the highest ratings when combined with the valued evolutionary traits, F (3, …

Go to article

The Relationships Between Acting Experience, Self-Esteem, And Self-Monitoring, Tamara C. Peters Jan 2001

The Relationships Between Acting Experience, Self-Esteem, And Self-Monitoring, Tamara C. Peters

Modern Psychological Studies

This study is an investigation of whether relationships exist to link acting experience with self-esteem and/or self-monitoring. Participants included 30 undergraduate students with acting experience and 30 without acting experience. The participants completed the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and the Self-Monitoring Scale. Individuals with acting experience were expected to indicate having a higher self-esteem than those without such experience. However, no significant relationship between self-esteem and acting experience was found. It was also hypothesized that students who had experience in acting would score higher on the Self-Monitoring Scale than students who had not. A significant positive relationship did exist between acting …

Go to article

The Relationship Between Adolescent Self-Esteem And Delinquent, Extracurricular, And Employment Behaviors, Tina M. Lane, Ann N. Elliott Jan 2001

The Relationship Between Adolescent Self-Esteem And Delinquent, Extracurricular, And Employment Behaviors, Tina M. Lane, Ann N. Elliott

Modern Psychological Studies

This study investigated the relationship between level of self-esteem, delinquent behavior, participation in extracurricular activities, and part-time employment in adolescents. The study consisted of 157 ninth and tenth grade students who attended rural Appalachian high schools in Southwest Virginia. Adolescents with higher self-esteem were significantly less likely to engage in delinquent behaviors than adolescents with lower self-esteem. Students with higher self-esteem also participated in a greater number of extracurricular activities. Finally, self-esteem was positively correlated with the number of hours worked by male adolescents, but negatively correlated for female subjects.

Go to article

Occupational Ego Identity Statuses In College Students, Nicole Surething, Kathleen Crowley-Long Jan 2001

Occupational Ego Identity Statuses In College Students, Nicole Surething, Kathleen Crowley-Long

Modern Psychological Studies

The purpose of this study was to investigate college students who were in the process of deciding on a career, and to then classify them according to the identity statuses described by Marcia (1980). The occupational identity statuses used were achieved, foreclosed, moratorium, diffused, and finally undecided was used for participants not meeting the full criteria for the other statuses. Participants, from The College of Saint Rose in Albany, NY, were given the Deltas Identity Status Inventory for Occupation. A total of 159 participants completed the survey, 109 females and 50 males. The participants included 66 freshmen, 41 sophomores, 34 …

Go to article

Walk In My Shoes: College Students' And Their Parents' Predictions Of Their Own Health Practices If They Were Each Others' Age, Amy B. Clineff, Colleen Frantz, Charles I. Brooks, Jean P. O'Brien Jan 2001

Walk In My Shoes: College Students' And Their Parents' Predictions Of Their Own Health Practices If They Were Each Others' Age, Amy B. Clineff, Colleen Frantz, Charles I. Brooks, Jean P. O'Brien

Modern Psychological Studies

College students and their parents completed a survey of their present health practices. They then completed the same survey for health behaviors they thought they would practice if they were either between the ages of 18 - 22 (for the parent respondents) or 45 - 55 (for the student respondents). The results generally showed the students predicted they would lead healthier lifestyles if older than their parents actually do, and the parents would lead less healthy lifestyles if younger than their children actually do. This distortion of each others' health practices, however, depended to some extent on the specific health …

Go to article

Deception In Research: How College Students View Deception, David Devries Jan 2001

Deception In Research: How College Students View Deception, David Devries

Modern Psychological Studies

This study asked college students to evaluate the use of deceptive techniques in psychological research. Ninety-two undergraduates evaluated via a three-point Likert Scale four classic deceptive studies in psychology. Students were asked to rate each study as to how deceptive and harmful it was, how valuable it was, and the cost-benefit to science of the study. Respondents generally believed these studies worth doing; however, around 20 percent felt the cost to the subjects was too high.

Go to article

The Relationship Of Person-Organization Congruence To Occupational Stress Symptoms And Perception Of Violations Of The Psychological Contract, Carol C. Bocchino Jan 2001

The Relationship Of Person-Organization Congruence To Occupational Stress Symptoms And Perception Of Violations Of The Psychological Contract, Carol C. Bocchino

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

.

Go to article

The Relationship Between Parental Mental Health, Family Rituals, Family Environment, And The Resiliency Of Adolescents Of Alcoholic Parents, Deborah Bregenzer Skibbee Jan 2001

The Relationship Between Parental Mental Health, Family Rituals, Family Environment, And The Resiliency Of Adolescents Of Alcoholic Parents, Deborah Bregenzer Skibbee

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

.

Go to article

Quality Of Object Relations As A Predictor Of Conflict Resolution Style, Celeste Maher Jan 2001

Quality Of Object Relations As A Predictor Of Conflict Resolution Style, Celeste Maher

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

.

Go to article

Adult Attachment Styles And Their Relationship To Marital Satisfaction In Couples In First Marriages Of Seven (7) Years Or Longer, Melanie Whiteway Jan 2001

Adult Attachment Styles And Their Relationship To Marital Satisfaction In Couples In First Marriages Of Seven (7) Years Or Longer, Melanie Whiteway

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

.

Go to article

Introducing Peer Mediation Into A Low -Income Elementary School, Rebecca Lea Boland Jan 2001

Introducing Peer Mediation Into A Low -Income Elementary School, Rebecca Lea Boland

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The effectiveness of a peer mediation program implemented in a small, low income elementary school (520 students grades kindergarten through fifth) was examined. Twelve fifth grade students were trained in the fall of 1998 to mediate conflicts during the 1998–1999 school year and twelve fourth grade students were trained in the spring of 1999 to serve as conflict managers during the 1999–2000 school year. All conflict managers were trained using the San Francisco Community Boards Program. During the mediation session, conflict managers completed a report form which outlined the research questions and described the types of conflict brought to mediation, …

Go to article

Memory Recall Among Individuals Reporting Child Sexual Abuse: The Role Of Suggestibility, Dissociation, And Closeness With The Perpetrator, Tammy M. Schultz Jan 2001

Memory Recall Among Individuals Reporting Child Sexual Abuse: The Role Of Suggestibility, Dissociation, And Closeness With The Perpetrator, Tammy M. Schultz

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Over the past decade, a contentious debate regarding delayed memories of child sexual abuse (CSA) has existed. Advocates on one side of the debate (Williams, 1994) maintain that common sequelae to traumatic events include memory disturbances. Dissociation and the dependent relationship between the victim and perpetrator are used to explain these memory disturbances. In contrast, proponents from the other end of the continuum (Loftus, 1993) argue abusive events are memorable, and suggestible clients adopt erroneous traumatic memories, as a result of leading questions used in therapy. The purpose of this study was to determine the epidemiology of CSA, and address …

Go to article

The Psychological And Social Characteristics Among College Students Who Binge Drink, Mary Elizabeth Grigar Jan 2001

The Psychological And Social Characteristics Among College Students Who Binge Drink, Mary Elizabeth Grigar

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study examined whether personality type and social variables predict: (a) binge drinking behavior, and (b) alcohol related consequences. Two hundred thirty-seven first year students from a private, Midwest, engineering college were administered the Myers Briggs Type Indicator, a Student Information Questionnaire, a Drinking Questionnaire, and the Young Adult Alcohol Problems Screening Test. Binge drinking was defined as the successive consumption of four or more drinks for women and five or more drinks for men in one sitting. Logistical and multiple regression analyses were performed. The judgment-perception personality type predicted binge drinking behavior. The social variables which predicted binge drinkers …

Go to article

A Comparison Of Early Childhood Recollections Of Repetitive Self -Mutilators And Non-Self-Mutilators In A State Prison Population, Elena V. Merenova Jan 2001

A Comparison Of Early Childhood Recollections Of Repetitive Self -Mutilators And Non-Self-Mutilators In A State Prison Population, Elena V. Merenova

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The psychological disorder of repetitive self-mutilation represents a significant clinical problem. In spite of the growing interest in this problem, insufficiency of information does not allow listing self-mutilation as a separate disorder in DSM-IV. The present research was aimed to add to an understanding the phenomenon of self-mutilating behavior from the point of view of Adler's individualPsychology. The early childhood recollections (ERs) of 32 self-mutilators (SM) drawn from the population of the Wabash Valley Correctional Facility (WVCF) were compared to the ERs of 37 non self-mutilators (NSM) drawn from the same population. The participants completed the Demographic Questionnaire and the …

Go to article

A Test Of The Transtheoretical Model Of Change With Adolescent Sex Offenders In Treatment, Stephen Leonce Mailloux Jan 2001

A Test Of The Transtheoretical Model Of Change With Adolescent Sex Offenders In Treatment, Stephen Leonce Mailloux

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The rationale for treating adolescent sex offenders is based on the expectation that change will occur. Yet, not all adolescent sex offenders are ready or willing to change. The Transtheoretical model describes a person's readiness for change and predicts the likelihood of change based on level of readiness. While the model has been successfully applied to adults, it has never been applied to adolescent sex offenders in treatment. Thus one of the goals of the study was to provide descriptive information on the applicability of the model's stage of change to adolescent sex offenders in treatment. A second goal was …

Go to article

Cognitive, Academic, And Behavioral Differences Between Children With Different Subtypes Of Adhd, Gregory Scott Howell Jan 2001

Cognitive, Academic, And Behavioral Differences Between Children With Different Subtypes Of Adhd, Gregory Scott Howell

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study evaluated cognitive, academic, and behavioral differences among clinic-referred children diagnosed with different subtypes of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Children diagnosed with ADHD Predominantly Inattentive Type (ADHD-I), children diagnosed with ADHD Combined Type (ADHD-C), children in a clinical control group, and children in a nonreferred control group were compared on measures of cognitive ability, academic achievement, and behavior. It was hypothesized that the nonreferred control group would outperform the other groups on some of these measures. It was also hypothesized that few of these measures would distinguish among the ADHD groups. The results showed that there were no significant differences …

Go to article

Impact Of A Court -Ordered Psychoeducational Course On Stepfamily Adaptability And Cohesion, Heather Jo Henderson Jan 2001

Impact Of A Court -Ordered Psychoeducational Course On Stepfamily Adaptability And Cohesion, Heather Jo Henderson

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study investigated the impact of court-ordered participation in a psychoeducational course on stepfamily adaptability and cohesion. Thirty parental dyads, consisting of one biological parent and one stepparent of an adjudicated adolescent, were randomly assigned to the treatment or control group. Treatment dyads participated in a 5-session workshop based on the Strengthening Stepfamilies” psychoeducational program (Albert & Einstein, 1986). Both groups were administered a demographic data questionnaire and the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale-III (FACES-III; Olson, Portner, & Lavee, 1985). Additionally, the treatment group participated in a follow-up interview. Results of plotting the FACES-III scores on the Family Circumplex …

Go to article

The Relationships Among Personality Factors, Gender, White Racial Consciousness Types, And Birth Order, Elan Adam Cohen Jan 2001

The Relationships Among Personality Factors, Gender, White Racial Consciousness Types, And Birth Order, Elan Adam Cohen

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Helms (1989) theorized that a person's racial identity is impacted by personality and family-of-origin experiences. Research studies have indicated that gender (Kopinak, 1987), the Five Factor Model (FFM) personality factors (Trapnell, 1994), and the family level variable of birth order (Sulloway, 1996) are associated with constructs similar to racial identity. This study considered Helms' theory and the related research. The purpose was to examine how gender and Achieved White Racial Consciousness (WRC; Rowe et al., 1994) types differed on personality factors and to predict membership in one of the four Achieved WRC types based on one's birth order, while considering …

Go to article

The Management Of Performance By Volunteers: The Use Of Performance Feedback, Megan Paull Jan 2001

The Management Of Performance By Volunteers: The Use Of Performance Feedback, Megan Paull

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

The purpose of this study was to examine the use of feedback by managers and co-ordinators of volunteers in the management of performance by volunteers. Research into the use of feedback in the paid workforce was examined extensively. Additionally, research dealing with the application of human resource management theory to volunteers is discussed. A foundation study conducted to examine the performance management practices in use with volunteers in Western Australia forms the basis for a multi-phase qualitative and quantitative examination of the topic. The perceptions of the managers and coordinators of volunteers, and the volunteers themselves about what constitutes poor …

Go to article

A Psychological Perspective On Sex, Elizabeth Marazas '01, Elizabeth Downes '01 Jan 2001

A Psychological Perspective On Sex, Elizabeth Marazas '01, Elizabeth Downes '01

Undergraduate Review

No abstract provided.

Go to article

A Phenomenological Analysis Of The Psychotherapist's Experience Of Delivering Psychotherapy In A Managed Behavioral Health Care Environment, Jami M. Messina-Connolly Jan 2001

A Phenomenological Analysis Of The Psychotherapist's Experience Of Delivering Psychotherapy In A Managed Behavioral Health Care Environment, Jami M. Messina-Connolly

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

.

Go to article

An Analysis Of Protective Factors And The Development Of Resiliency In Ninth And Twelfth Grade Male And Female Students Of A Heterogenous Suburban High School, Frances E. Clemente Jan 2001

An Analysis Of Protective Factors And The Development Of Resiliency In Ninth And Twelfth Grade Male And Female Students Of A Heterogenous Suburban High School, Frances E. Clemente

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

.

Go to article

Family Factors And Self-Esteem In Gifted Versus Nongifted Children, Kevin Enright Jan 2001

Family Factors And Self-Esteem In Gifted Versus Nongifted Children, Kevin Enright

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

.

Go to article

Gender-Related Traits, Sexual Self-Efficacy, Importance Of Relationship And The Relationship To College Women's Condom Use, Elizabeth A. Youmans Jan 2001

Gender-Related Traits, Sexual Self-Efficacy, Importance Of Relationship And The Relationship To College Women's Condom Use, Elizabeth A. Youmans

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

.

Go to article

Impact Of Life Events, Trauma, Interpersonal Conflict And Substance Abuse On Pregnancy Outcomes Of Inner City Women, Barabara A. Caldwell Jan 2001

Impact Of Life Events, Trauma, Interpersonal Conflict And Substance Abuse On Pregnancy Outcomes Of Inner City Women, Barabara A. Caldwell

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

.

Go to article

Prejudice And Racism: Challenges And Progress In Measurement, Alan W. Burkard, Barbara R. Medler, Michael Allen Boticki Jan 2001

Prejudice And Racism: Challenges And Progress In Measurement, Alan W. Burkard, Barbara R. Medler, Michael Allen Boticki

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

The intent of this chapter is to review three categories of prejudice measures that practitioners and researchers can use in practice or research. Given that a recent comprehensive review of self-report racial prejudice measures was completed by Biernat and Crandall (1999), this chapter focuses on new developments in self-report measures of racial and anti-gay prejudice. Anti -gay prejudice is an important clinical and research area, and to date, only a few critical reviews of instruments measuring negative attitudes toward gay men and lesbian women have appeared in the literature (Herek, 1994; O'Donohue & Caselles, 1993; Schwanberg, 1993). Emerging prejudice measurement …

Go to article

Careers In Crisis: The Relationship Between Person-Environment Fit And Job Satisfaction, Craig Campbell Jackson Jan 2001

Careers In Crisis: The Relationship Between Person-Environment Fit And Job Satisfaction, Craig Campbell Jackson

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2000 - 2009

Archival data collected from a private-practice career counseling center was analyzed to evaluate the extent to which situational constraint measures can be applied as moderators of person-occupation congruence. Demographic, personality, and career interest inventory responses, particularly those for the Strong Interest Inventory (SII), the 16PF, and the Myers-Briggs Type Inventory, served as the primary units of analyses. Data was collected by career counselors over a ten-year period for 202 clients (125 men and 77 women; M age = 36.9). Difference score measures were calculated for clients by comparing SH scores to normative means for the general reference sample of the …

Go to article

Neuroanatomical Investigation Of The Median Raphe Nucleus, Supramammillary Nucleus, And Nucleus Reuniens: Possible Implications For The Modulation Of The Hippocampal Eeg, James Timothy Mckenna Jan 2001

Neuroanatomical Investigation Of The Median Raphe Nucleus, Supramammillary Nucleus, And Nucleus Reuniens: Possible Implications For The Modulation Of The Hippocampal Eeg, James Timothy Mckenna

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2000 - 2009

The theta rhythm of the hippocampus, present in area CA1 of Ammon's horn and the dentate gyrus, is thought to serve a role in short-term memory processing. Rhythmically bursting cells of the medial septum projecting to the hippocampus are responsible for pacing theta. Further anatomical investigation of limbic-related circuitry in the rat, particularly connections of the medial septum and hippocampus, will lead to a better understanding of the pathways which influence the hippocampal EEG. Our first study examined single and collateral projections from the supramammillary nucleus to the medial septum and hippocampus, employing the retrograde fluorescent tracers FluoroGold and FluoroRuby. …

Go to article

Structure And Function In The Developing Brain: Effects Of Early Frontal And Cerebellar Lesions On Activity, Learning, Social And Emotional Behavior In The Rat, Bernadette Mietus Stevenson Jan 2001

Structure And Function In The Developing Brain: Effects Of Early Frontal And Cerebellar Lesions On Activity, Learning, Social And Emotional Behavior In The Rat, Bernadette Mietus Stevenson

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2000 - 2009

Autism, characterized by disrupted social interaction and communication skills, and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), characterized by hyperactivity and inattention, are two neurodevelopmental disorders that have recently been linked to common dysfunctions in the frontal lobes and cerebellum. The present study was designed to evaluate the neonatal rat as an animal model for neurodevelopmental disorders. The behavior of rats with early Frontal (FR), Cerebellar (CB), or Frontal + Cerebellar (FR + CB) lesions, performed at either Post-natal Day 2 (PD 2) or 9 (PD 9), was evaluated with regard to activity, learning, social, and emotional behavior between the age of …

Go to article

First Prev Next Last