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The Effect Of Normative Stepfamily Information On Level Of Perceived Stepfamily Adjustment, Carole Lynn Trone Jan 2002

The Effect Of Normative Stepfamily Information On Level Of Perceived Stepfamily Adjustment, Carole Lynn Trone

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study examined the effect of videotaped normative information regarding stepfamily development and functioning on level of perceived stepfamily adjustment. Secondarily, the study attempted to identify demographic variables to discriminate between high and low perceived stepfamily adjustment. Participants were 132 clinical and nonclinical stepfather families formed after divorce and recruited in York County, Pennsylvania and Baltimore County, Maryland. Biological mothers, stepfathers, and adolescent children aged 14–17 rated their perceptions of stepfamily adjustment at pre-test, viewed the videotape, and/or rated their perceptions of stepfamily adjustment at post-test. ANOVAs revealed a significant main effect for treatment in both the pre-test ( F …

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The Relationship Of Collective Efficacy And Performance In Supervision, Lori Sue Tagger Jan 2002

The Relationship Of Collective Efficacy And Performance In Supervision, Lori Sue Tagger

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study examined the relationship between the level of collective efficacy in the supervision dyad and the performance of the trainee. Eighty-three dyads participated from masters and doctoral level programs in clinical, counseling, counselingPsychology, or marriage and family therapy. Participants completed the Supervisee Levels Questionnaire-Revised (SLQ-R), a collective efficacy measure and a trainee performance rating scale. Results suggest that when trainees and supervisors feel they work well together and can accomplish their goals (collective efficacy), the trainee is likely to perform better with clients. Developmental level and demographic characteristics such as age, gender, ethnicity, or years of experience did not …

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Traditional And Nontraditional Foster Parenting, Angela M. Baranzelli-Yoder Jan 2002

Traditional And Nontraditional Foster Parenting, Angela M. Baranzelli-Yoder

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Foster parents in nontraditional foster care programs receive more extensive, ongoing training and support than foster parents in traditional foster care programs. This study examined whether differences exist in the levels of perceived parenting stress, satisfaction, and efficacy among traditional and nontraditional foster parents. Twenty-four foster parents completed the Parenting Stress Index (PSI) and the Parenting Sense of Competence scale (PSOC). Nontraditional foster parents reported higher levels of overall parenting stress and lower levels of foster parent role satisfaction than did traditional foster parents. However, response profiles indicated that nontraditional foster parents had children with more emotional and behavioral problems …

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Codependency: Its Relationship To Alcohol And Family-Of-Origin Dynamics, Barbara Yearing Jan 2002

Codependency: Its Relationship To Alcohol And Family-Of-Origin Dynamics, Barbara Yearing

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

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Eating Attitudes And Behaviors Among African American Women, Eileen N. Mccarthy Jan 2002

Eating Attitudes And Behaviors Among African American Women, Eileen N. Mccarthy

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

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Maternal Psychological Control And Preschool Children’S Behavioral Outcomes In China, Russia, And The United States, Susanne Frost Olsen, Chongming Yang, Craig H. Hart, Clyde C. Robinson, Peixia Wu, David A. Nelson, Larry J. Nelson, Shenghua Jin, Jianzhong Wo Jan 2002

Maternal Psychological Control And Preschool Children’S Behavioral Outcomes In China, Russia, And The United States, Susanne Frost Olsen, Chongming Yang, Craig H. Hart, Clyde C. Robinson, Peixia Wu, David A. Nelson, Larry J. Nelson, Shenghua Jin, Jianzhong Wo

Faculty Publications

A growing body of Western literature has demonstrated the importance of three domains of socialization—connection with significant others, regulation of behavior, and the facilitation of psychological autonomy—in predicting outcomes in adolescents and children (Barber, 1997a, 1997b; Gray & Steinberg, 1999; Hart, Newell, & Olsen, in press; Nelson, 1997; Steinberg, Dornbusch, & Brown, 1992). Psychological control—parenting that does not allow children psychological autonomy, as has been defined elsewhere in this volume, has received increased attention in the past decade (for a discussion of definitions and research, see chapter 2, this volume).

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'Consuming Children' : A Sociological Analysis Of Children's Relationship With Contempory Consumer Culture, Julie Marianne Evans Jan 2002

'Consuming Children' : A Sociological Analysis Of Children's Relationship With Contempory Consumer Culture, Julie Marianne Evans

School of Law, Humanities and Social Sciences Theses

The aim of this thesis is to identify and understand children's relationships with the world of consumption. Through the children's own narratives a picture emerges of the mediating properties of consumer goods in their wider social and personal friendships. Living in what could be described as a materially divided society this project explores how children make sense of those inequalities and what their experiences are in understanding their own socio-economic position compared to others and how it impacts on their relationships to consumer culture. A particular concern is that such relationships may be more complicated than they seem on the …

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Crime And Consciousness: Science And Involuntary Acts , Deborah W. Denno Jan 2002

Crime And Consciousness: Science And Involuntary Acts , Deborah W. Denno

Faculty Scholarship

This Article confronts this clash between legal and scientific perspectives on consciousness by proposing new ways to structure the voluntary act requirement so that it incorporates the insights of modern science on the human mind. Part I examines the criminal law's voluntary act requirement, particularly in the context of the MPC's influential provision, which reflects the law and psychology of the era in which the MPC was originally developed--the 1950s. Part II analyzes the new science of “consciousness,” a term that typically refers to the sum of a person's thoughts, feelings, and sensations, as well as the everyday circumstances and …

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Transient Mechanism For The Perception Of Apparent Motion, Lee Alan Gilroy Jan 2002

Transient Mechanism For The Perception Of Apparent Motion, Lee Alan Gilroy

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2000 - 2009

This study investigated the viability of a transient mechanism for the detection of counter-changing luminance, argued by Hock, et al. (2002) to be the informational basis for the perception of apparent motion. A series of experiments verified assumptions of the proposed mechanism and provided additional support for counter-changing luminance as the basis for apparent motion perception. It was found that: (1) The likelihood of perceiving apparent motion is best predicted by the product of local changes in luminance. This provided the basis for the multiplicative combination of subunit responses in the proposed mechanism (i.e. there is no motion signaled without …

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Relations Of Gender Identity To Preadolescents' Adjustment And Friendship Patterns, Priscilla Rouse Carver Jan 2002

Relations Of Gender Identity To Preadolescents' Adjustment And Friendship Patterns, Priscilla Rouse Carver

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2000 - 2009

The purpose of this study was twofold: first, this research was conducted in order to replicate and extend Egan and Perry's (2001) work linking four components of gender identity to adjustment; second, this research was intended to extend knowledge of the relation between gender identity and affiliational patterns in the peer group. Measures of gender identity were (a) feelings of gender typicality, (b) contentment with one's gender assignment, (c) felt pressure for gender conformity, and (d) intergroup bias (feeling that one's own sex is superior to the other). Measures of adjustment included self-esteem, peer rejection, victimization by peers, and specific …

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Attitudes As Attractors: Toward Dynamical Systems Of Beliefs And Values, Hiroaki Morio Jan 2002

Attitudes As Attractors: Toward Dynamical Systems Of Beliefs And Values, Hiroaki Morio

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2000 - 2009

This study assessed whether dynamical properties of attitudes can be used to predict attitude change. In social psychology, attitudes have been defined as dispositions that are stable over time but also as mental states that are malleable in response to external influences. To solve this paradox, I proposed that attitudes should be conceptualized as fixed-point attractors for momentary evaluations that fluctuate over time. In dynamical systems, an attractor corresponds to a stable equilibrium toward which a system evolves. This conceptualization allows us to distinguish attitudes that are rather stable in a short time frame from momentary evaluations that fluctuate over …

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View From The Pew (Audio), Grant Teaff Jan 2002

View From The Pew (Audio), Grant Teaff

ATS Chapel Services

No abstract provided.

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Effect Of Life Skills Training With Male Youth Who Are Prone To Aggression, Sarah Skradski Dec 2001

Effect Of Life Skills Training With Male Youth Who Are Prone To Aggression, Sarah Skradski

Student Work

The effect of life skills training in reducing aggressive behaviors was researched with seven subjects in a residential treatment facility. The subjects were between the ages of 10-15 and prone to aggression. The subjects had been diagnosed with Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Impulse Control Disorder, and/or Conduct Disorder. The seven subjects’ aggressive behaviors were assessed using the excessive aggression sub-scale on the Burks’ Behavior Rating Scale. Four full-time staff members completed the Burks’ Behavior Rating Scale three times over a 16-week period of time, observing the subjects’ behaviors with and without the life skills training. The results from the paired-dependent samples …

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Relationship Between Cognitive Performance And Sociocultural And Linguistic Variables In Bilingual Mexican American Children, Lorraine Geralyn Boudville Dec 2001

Relationship Between Cognitive Performance And Sociocultural And Linguistic Variables In Bilingual Mexican American Children, Lorraine Geralyn Boudville

Theses and Dissertations - UTB/UTPA

This study investigated the relationship between cognitive ability (dependent variable) and 5 independent variables: acculturation, socioeconomic status (SES), oral acquisition of syntactic structures, family size, and family structure. Instruments used were the WISC-III, Bilingual Syntax Measure (BSM), Sociocultural Scales in the System of Multicultural Pluralistic Assessment (SOMPA). The sample consisted of 96 bilingual Mexican American children aged six and seven years, randomly selected from five school districts in south Texas; 47 were female, and 49, male. The method of analysis was multiple linear regression. The null hypothesis was tested at the .05 level of significance, using a F distribution. Results …

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The Wooster Voice (Wooster, Oh), 2001-10-11, Wooster Voice Editors Oct 2001

The Wooster Voice (Wooster, Oh), 2001-10-11, Wooster Voice Editors

The Voice: 2001-2011

Wooster alumni organized philanthropic efforts in nine different cities across the country, as part of a national "Scots in Service" volunteer day. $400 in cash and checks are stolen from Scheide Music Center. Assistant professor of psychology, Michael Casey, discussed the nature vs. nurture argument in a lecture as part of the Pursuing Scientific Interests series. College officials state they can charge students with alcohol and other violations even if a staff member or Security officer is not an eyewitness to the event. An article discusses student reactions to the events of September 11th. The College's Jewish community works on …

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Children's Attitudes Toward Persons With Disabilities: A Comparison Of Rural And Urban Schools., Angela D. Williams Oct 2001

Children's Attitudes Toward Persons With Disabilities: A Comparison Of Rural And Urban Schools., Angela D. Williams

Student Work

Several individuals need to be acknowledged for their help with this project_ First and foremost, I would like to sincerely thank Melissa Hall and Kelly Branecki. Without their help in data collection, this project would not have been completed. The 5:00 a.m. trip and five-hour drive demonstrated their enthusiasm and dedication to this project. I would also like to thank the administrators who allowed their schools to participate in my study. Additional thanks goes to my committee members, Dr. Robert Woody, Dr. John Hill, and Dr. Hans Langner for their help and feedback. In addition, my advisor, Dr. Lisa Kelly-Vance …

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Work Family Policies And Perceptions Of Fairness: Perspectives On Supervisor Support And Work Schedule Control, Emily R. Blodgett Oct 2001

Work Family Policies And Perceptions Of Fairness: Perspectives On Supervisor Support And Work Schedule Control, Emily R. Blodgett

Student Work

In response to increasing degrees o f work and family conflict, some companies have implemented work and family policies. However, evidence suggests that many companies will not implement work and family policies because they believe that some employees will feel that the policies are unfair, although this claim has been made with only minimal empirical evidence. This study examined employees’ fairness perceptions of work/family policies. It was hypothesized that employees who might benefit from a work/family policy would feel that the policy was more fair than would employees who would not benefit from such a policy. To test this hypothesis, …

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Front Matter Sep 2001

Front Matter

Modern Psychological Studies

No abstract provided.

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The Relationship Between Single-Sex And Co-Educational Environments On Socioemotional Development, Jennifer M. Bonds-Raacke, Sandra D. Nicks Sep 2001

The Relationship Between Single-Sex And Co-Educational Environments On Socioemotional Development, Jennifer M. Bonds-Raacke, Sandra D. Nicks

Modern Psychological Studies

There have been many debates over the advantages and disadvantages of single-sex education with regards to socioemotional development. Although some research shows that girls are often neglected in the classroom when boys are present, other research states that single-sex education may not be as beneficial as thought. The purpose of this study was to examine the discrepancies between previous research on single-sex and co-educational environments in relation to socioemotional development. Specifically, we investigated the differences in perceived competence, self-esteem, locus of control, and perceived social support. Within these areas of socioemotional development, we expect differences to exist based on educational …

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The Influence Of Gender On The Relationship Between Problem-Solving And Agression, Maria Evola Sep 2001

The Influence Of Gender On The Relationship Between Problem-Solving And Agression, Maria Evola

Modern Psychological Studies

The continuous rise of violence among young people has caused aggression to become a variable of interest for society. Many people believe that controlling external factors will prevent the aggressive nature of children from developing. However, the key to reducing aggression may lie in the development of proper internal coping skills. The present study focused on problem-soling ability, a component that can be taught. The relationship between problem-solving and aggression was examined, as well as how gender moderates this connection. It was hypothesized that a negative relationship existed between the two variables and that the correlation would be stronger for …

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Spontaneous Countermeasures During Polygraph Examinations: An Apparent Exercise In Futility, Kimberly D. Otter-Henderson, Charles R. Honts Sep 2001

Spontaneous Countermeasures During Polygraph Examinations: An Apparent Exercise In Futility, Kimberly D. Otter-Henderson, Charles R. Honts

Modern Psychological Studies

The frequency and effects of spontaneous countermeasures against a polygraph examination were examined in a mock employment screening study. Eighty subjects were debriefed concerning their use of spontaneous countermeasure following the completion of their Relevant-irrelevant employment screening polygraph examination. Overall, 53.8% of the participants reported the use of at least one spontaneous countermeasure. In a departure from other studies in this area, 30% of the truthful subjects reported trying some intervention in an effort to make themselves look more truthful. An ANOVA revealed neither main effects nor interactions involving the use of a spontaneous countermeasure.

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Influence Of Question-Phrasing And Response-Scale In Speed Estimation Of Witnessed Accidents, Melissa M. Winter, Gloria Marmolejo Sep 2001

Influence Of Question-Phrasing And Response-Scale In Speed Estimation Of Witnessed Accidents, Melissa M. Winter, Gloria Marmolejo

Modern Psychological Studies

The effect of question phrasing on speed estimation is assessed by means of two rating systems, a verbal rating scale (VRS) and a visual analogue scale (VAS). Subjects were asked to watch a short video depicting the scene of a car accident and then answer a short memory test concerning the video. The test contained the question, "About how fast was the car going when the crash occurred?" Other subjects received the word "fender-bender" or "impact" in place of the word "crash". Subjects were asked to estimate speed using either a verbal rating or a visual analogue scale. Results indicated …

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Influence Of Social Facilitation And Gender Differences On Purchasing Behavior Of Consumers In A Mall, Laura J. Lee, Allison L. Martin Sep 2001

Influence Of Social Facilitation And Gender Differences On Purchasing Behavior Of Consumers In A Mall, Laura J. Lee, Allison L. Martin

Modern Psychological Studies

Consumers were observed in order to investigate whether it is more likely that lone or group shoppers will make a purchase and to what extent gender differences in purchasing behavior exist. As shoppers exited a Georgia mall, variables such as gender, group orientation, and the presence or absence of a package were recorded. Observations revealed that of 1269 shoppers, nearly 54% of lone shoppers made purchases, compared to 41% of group shoppers, and women carried packages more often than did men. Both the comparison of lone versus group shoppers and the difference in men's and women's buying showed p<.05 from a test for significance between two proportions. Contrary to the social facilitation theory, group shoppers did not consume more than lone individuals. This study suggests that social facilitation effects may be unique to particular environments.

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The Correlation Of Social Approachability, Social Interaction, And Tolerance Levels Depending On The Presence Of A Dog, Darla J. Lawson Sep 2001

The Correlation Of Social Approachability, Social Interaction, And Tolerance Levels Depending On The Presence Of A Dog, Darla J. Lawson

Modern Psychological Studies

This study attempted to measure social approachability, social interactions, and tolerance levels of other people towards another person depending upon the presence of a dog was conducted. The study itself was divided into two parts. Part one measured the amount of approaches and social interactions made by other people towards a confederate when she was accompanied by a dog versus if a dog did not accompany her. The results indicate that there was a significant increase in social approachability and social interactions when being accompanied by a dog versus not being accompanied by a dog. Part two of the study …

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Peer Perception Of Physically Attractive Children And Prejudicial Biases Against Physically Unattractive Children, Darla J. Lawson Sep 2001

Peer Perception Of Physically Attractive Children And Prejudicial Biases Against Physically Unattractive Children, Darla J. Lawson

Modern Psychological Studies

This paper discusses peer perceptions of children based, upon the physical appearance of other children. The suggestion that physical attractiveness is related to intellect, social status, and personal achievement may seem absurd or unrealistic, however, current research establishes it as fact. Physically attractive children are assumed to have better characteristics than unattractive children. These perceptions are shaped, in part, by the physical appearance of children. This study evaluated the perceptions of a group of children who viewed photographs of other children in which the group members considered to be physically attractive, of average appearance, and physically unattractive. Results of the …

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The Influence Of Postevent Credibility In The Report Of Eyewitnessed Events, Shelly Wolesky, Gloria Marmolejo Sep 2001

The Influence Of Postevent Credibility In The Report Of Eyewitnessed Events, Shelly Wolesky, Gloria Marmolejo

Modern Psychological Studies

Previous research dealing with the effects of source credibility on eyewitness' memories has found that sources that are seen as credible by the eyewitness' are more likely to be believed and more often change the witness' original memory than do sources seen as not credible. The present experiment is an extension of the previous research testing if adults that witness an event are affected differently by the misinformation presented by a child (non credible source) or an adult (credible source). Fifty-two people were shown a video depicting a scene of a husband and a wife arguing in their home. They …

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"Woman Is Man's Best Friend And Her Own Worst Enemy": Jury Bias, Ashley C. Nielson, Laura K. Jones, Timothy M. Woodrum Sep 2001

"Woman Is Man's Best Friend And Her Own Worst Enemy": Jury Bias, Ashley C. Nielson, Laura K. Jones, Timothy M. Woodrum

Modern Psychological Studies

The Supreme Court recently ruled that no jury could be chosen on the basis of sex. This study was conducted to determine whether jury biases exist in the sentencing of murder cases. It was therefore hypothesized that women would judge female murderers more severely than their male counterpart. The severity of sentences were determined by the participants' marks on a severity of sentence scale. These participants evaluated both domestic and mutilation murder cases, each of which varied in the gender of the accused. Using a 2X2 ANOVA in the evaluation of the results, no significant differences were found between the …

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How Gender Differences And The Visual/Verbal Aspect Of Instructions Affect Problem Solving, Tracy Forman Sep 2001

How Gender Differences And The Visual/Verbal Aspect Of Instructions Affect Problem Solving, Tracy Forman

Modern Psychological Studies

The childrens board game Mouse Trap served as a task in this experiment that was designed to study an interactive effect of gender and type of instructions used. Gender dyads operated in male-female, male-male, or female-female pairs and all dyads used either visual or verbal instructions. Male dyads were expected to have the game assembled in the least amount of time based on research that indicates that males are better problem solvers. The visual instructions were expected to produce faster completion of assembly for both genders, which is reminiscent of a picture being worth a thousand words. It was observed …

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Effects Of Campus Climate And Attitudes On The Identity Development Of Gay, Lesbian And Bisexual College Students, Katherine M. Yamakawa, Elizabeth Nutt Williams Sep 2001

Effects Of Campus Climate And Attitudes On The Identity Development Of Gay, Lesbian And Bisexual College Students, Katherine M. Yamakawa, Elizabeth Nutt Williams

Modern Psychological Studies

To investigate campus climate and its effect on the identity development and college experiences of gay, lesbian, and bisexual students, undergraduate college students were asked to complete measures of homophobia and campus climate. Results indicated that males and firstyear students report higher levels of homophobia than females and seniors. However, students reported knowing of or engaging in only few instances of homophobic behaviors and felt that the college community was relatively openminded. Four qualitative interview examples are also provided, documenting the experience of gay students' identity development and the effects that campus climate has had on their undergraduate experiences. The …

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A Field Study Examining Leader-Member Exchange (Lmx): Challenging The Universally Positive Conceptualization Of Lmx, Thomas Michael Hepperlen Aug 2001

A Field Study Examining Leader-Member Exchange (Lmx): Challenging The Universally Positive Conceptualization Of Lmx, Thomas Michael Hepperlen

Student Work

The construct of Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) - which emphasizes the quality of the relationship within supervisor-subordinate dyads - has received much empirical support over the last 25 years. Although high LMX relationships have generally been construed as universally positive in the scientific literature, some recent evidence suggests that: (a) all employees may not have an equal opportunity to develop high LMX relationships with their superiors, and (b) some high LMX employees may actually perform below the level o f their low LMX counterparts. In order to address both the positive and negative aspects o f LMX, the present thesis proposed …

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