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Preventing Driving Under The Influence Through Informal Interventions: An Examination Of The Decision Making Processes Common To Potential Dui Offenders, David John Williams

Doctoral Dissertations

One novel approach to the driving under the influence (DUI) problem is the informal DUI intervention. Informal DUI interventions are any attempts made to prevent an alcohol-impaired individual from driving. The research to date has concentrated on the factors leading individuals to intervene, informally, in a DUI situation. Comparatively little research has investigated the factors leading potential drunk drivers to comply with informal intervention requests.

An interactional arousal/cost-benefit model was used to predict self-reported informal DUI intervention compliance. According to the model, potential DUI offenders' decisions to comply with intervention requests would be influenced by background variables, context variables, intervention …

From Efficient Market Theory To Behavioral Finance, Robert J. Shiller

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

The efficient markets theory reached the height of its dominance in academic circles around the 1970s. Faith in this theory was eroded by a succession of discoveries of anomalies, many in the 1980s, and of evidence of excess volatility of returns. Finance literature in this decade and after suggests a more nuanced view of the value of the efficient markets theory, and, starting in the 1990s, a blossoming of research on behavioral finance. Some important developments in the 1990s and recently include feedback theories, models of the interaction of smart money with ordinary investors, and evidence on obstacles to smart …

The Double Edged Sword Of Disaster Psychology In The Context Of Terrorism, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article describes implicit assumptions, and clinical and political implications, of prescriptions for psychological services in the aftermath of terrorism-created disaster. The article is one of a series in IBPP that focuses on crisis psychology, stress management, and critical incident debriefing in an era of a United States Government (USG)-announced war on terrorism with global reach.

Beautiful Risk: A New Psychology Of Loving And Being Loved (Book Review), Carl Dragt

Pro Rege

Reviewed Title: The Beautiful Risk: A New Psychology of Loving and Being Loved, by James Olthuis. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2001.

Role Of High School Teachers In Swedish Psychology Education: A Phenomenological Study, Torsten Norlander, Alexander Blom, Trevor Archer

The Qualitative Report

A descriptive, qualitative analysis of in-depth interviews involving six high school teachers of psychology was carried out in order to ascertain the factors contributing to the outcome of education in the discipline. The Empirical Phenomenological Psychological method (EPP-method) was used. Eighteen categories of "meaning units" were derived from the analysis of the interview materials and are described together with representative quotations taken directly from the raw material. Didactic image but also school leadership, governors, politicians and students all influenced content, organisation and teaching of the psychology course, which is viewed not only as an autonomous subject in its own right …

Behavioral Finance: Psychographics, Curt W. Becker

Student Work

This research is a review of psychographics and its impact on rejoinder. Experiments were conducted to ascertain the association between two stimuli and changes in habitual behavior. The foci of this review are to examine applicable, previous research and compare with results on the two stimuli. Statistically different responses to the stimuli were observed.

The Impact Of Anger Reduction On Burnout In Pastors Serving A Tristate Area Of The Church Of God (Anderson), Dale E. French

ATS Dissertations

No abstract provided.

A 12-Year Prospective Study Of The Long-Term Effects Of Early Child Physical Maltreatment On Psychological, Behavioral, And Academic Problems In Adolescence, Jennifer E Lansford, Kenneth A Dodge, Gregory S Pettit, John E Bates, Joseph Crozier, Julie Kaplow

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether child physical maltreatment early in life has long-term effects on psychological, behavioral, and academic problems independent of other characteristics associated with maltreatment.

DESIGN: Prospective longitudinal study with data collected annually from 1987 through 1999.

SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Randomly selected, community-based samples of 585 children from the ongoing Child Development Project were recruited the summer before children entered kindergarten in 3 geographic sites. Seventy-nine percent continued to participate in grade 11. The initial in-home interviews revealed that 69 children (11.8%) had experienced physical maltreatment prior to kindergarten matriculation.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Adolescent assessment of school grades, standardized …

Parents' Homophobia And Childrearing Gender Role Beliefs: Correlates In A Local Populations, Angela Ackerman Brogle

Honors Capstones

Capstone submitted as a graduation requirement for the BSU Honors Program.

Abstracts Of Papers, 80th Annual Meeting Of The Virginia Academy Of Science, May 22-24, 2002, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia

Virginia Journal of Science

Abstracts of papers that were presented at the 80th annual meeting of the Virginia Academy of Science.

Center For Psychology Studies Newsletter - Summer 2002, Nova Southeastern University

Center for Psychological Studies Newsletter

No abstract provided.

An Empirical Investigation Into The Personal Value Systems Of Accounting Managers Of Cpa Firms, Morsheda T. Hassan

Doctoral Dissertations

The objectives of this dissertation were to empirically examine (i) the primary value orientation of CPA firms' managers; (ii) the value profile of these managers; (iii) the relationship between the personal value systems of CPA firm's managers and their managerial decisions, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and managerial success; (iv) whether the personal value systems of CPA firms' differ by gender or age; (v) differences between the personal value systems of CPA firm's managers affiliated with the departments of auditing, taxation, consulting, information technology, general administration, or others, and (vi) differences between the personal value systems of CPA firms' managers and …

Teacher Perceptions Of The New York State Regents Requirements: A Pilot Study, Jennifer Lerner

Theses

This pilot study investigated teachers' perceptions of the effects of the New York State Regents requirements on teachers and students. An eight question Likert scale survey was administered to one hundred high school teachers in an upstate New York urban school district. Survey questions covered the impact of the new standards on teacher autonomy, in addition to student and teacher anxiety level. Teachers were asked about the fairness of the exams, the amount of time spent teaching to exams, and how they perceived the exams as impacting school drop-out rate. Results indicated that teachers believed that the new requirements had …

How Substance Abuse Affects Sibling Relationships: A Qualitative Study, Kellee Garney

Theses

The purpose of this research was to gain an understanding of the sibling relationship when one sibling abuses drugs and/or alcohol. It was hypothesized that a sibling relationship with a substance-abusing sibling would have lower levels of closeness and trust than non-substance abusing sibling relationships. Nineteen young adults aged 19-47 were interviewed regarding their perceptions of the sibling relationship. Nine participants had a sibling they perceived as abusing drugs or alcohol, 1 participant was a substance abuser with a non-abusing sibling, and 9 participants had a non-substance abusing sibling. The sample was not randomly selected with participants recruited from Rochester …

The Effects Of Life Space Crisis Intervention Training On Levels Of Teacher Stress And Time-Out Room Referrals, Michele Helfand

Theses

Student behavioral problems are often cited as factors contributing to school violence and teacher stress. School violence and teacher stress ultimately contribute to a deterioration in the quality of the educational system in our society. Life Space Crisis Intervention (LSCI) is a strategy for using student problems as an opportunity to promote insight and behavior change. The intent of this study was to empirically examine the effects of a Life Space Crisis Intervention training. The outcome variables were teacher responses to a self report measure of stress (The Teacher Stress Inventory) and number and severity of time out room referrals. …

Longitudinal Analysis Of Behavior Patterns In A Captive Chimpanzee Population, Amy Augusta Tirone

Theses and Dissertations - UTB/UTPA

Data collected over an 11 year period were analyzed for behavioral constancy, reaction to environmental change, and the differential influence of environment and genetics in a group of captive chimpanzees using the framework of the Five Factor Model of Personality. Results suggested environment was a more influential factor in behavioral production, although expected reactions of specific individuals were not evidenced. Improvements upon this research include use of a more chimpanzee-specific personality model and more detailed data collection to support more precise conclusions regarding behavioral etiology.

Effects Of Self-Monitoring On Hyperactivity In A Student Diagnosed With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (Adhd), Lillian Lee Pedroza

Theses and Dissertations - UTB/UTPA

This single subject multiple baseline study tested an intervention using a self-monitoring procedure. The Subject was a nine-year-old Hispanic male identified as having Other Health Impairments and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and was taking psychostimulant medication. Using an A-B-A-B design, the Investigator and two observers collected time interval data of on-task behavior, during baseline phases. During intervention phases the Subject was involved in a self-monitoring procedure addressing on-task behaviors. Additional data were collected on a scoring sheet, whereby the Subject, the Investigator and the two additional Scorers, scored the student on five on-task behaviors. The intervention was effective. Results …

Depression And Self -Silencing In Lesbian And Heterosexual Women, Samantha Ann Kirk

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Depression among lesbians is an underexplored area in the literature of the psychology of women and in depression research. A few investigators have hypothesized about the factors that place lesbians at risk for depression, and have explored those hypotheses experimentally. However, there is a large gap in the understanding of lesbians and depression. Dana Jack (1991) proposed a model of depression which holds that women who fail to represent their experiences to romantic partners are at increased risk for depression. One hundred and seventy participants were recruited to test this model (85 lesbians and 71 heterosexual women, as well as …

Center For Psychology Studies Newsletter - Spring 2002, Nova Southeastern University

Center for Psychological Studies Newsletter

No abstract provided.

The Wooster Voice (Wooster, Oh), 2002-02-14, Wooster Voice Editors

The Voice: 2001-2011

White spray paint was used to cause eleven acts of vandalism this past weekend. Most of the messages left by the graffiti was aimed at the director of housing, David Brown. All of the departments at Wooster are examining their budgets because of the shaky economy. Assistant professor of psychology, John Neuhoff has received a travel grant to go research for two weeks in Japan. This grant was awarded to him by the Great Lakes Colleges Association. In Walter Zurko's first year seminar last semester, students were given the task to create blue-prints and models for public art that could …

California Institute Of Integral Studies -- Catalog 2002-2003, Ciis

CIIS Catalogs Archive

This is the 2002-2003 catalog of courses, staff and faculty for the California Institute of Integral Studies (CIIS).

Positive And Negative Perfectionism And The Shame And Guilt Dichotomy: Their Relationship And Their Relationship To Adaptive And Maladaptive Characteristics, Alex Gomez

McNair Scholars Journal

Past studies have suggested that perfectionism is a maladaptive behavior. Also, studies have linked shame to several maladaptive traits and to perfectionism as it has been recently measured, which supports current theories of shame but not the current theories that suggest guilt is an adaptive emotion. Using Terry-Short’s PNP scale designed to measure negative and positive perfectionism, this research demonstrated that perfectionism could be adaptive as well as maladaptive. Negative perfectionism was positively correlated to state shame and guilt, shame-proneness, with guilt-proneness demonstrating a less significant relationship but with a similar trend. Anxiety and hostility were positively correlated to negative …

The Haptic Muller-Lyer Illusion In Sighted And Blind People, Morton A. Heller, Deneen D. Brackett, Kathy Wilson, Keiko Yoneyama, Amanda Boyer, Heather Steffen

Faculty Research and Creative Activity

We examined the effect of visual experience on the haptic Mu« ller-Lyer illusion. Subjects made size estimates of raised lines by using a sliding haptic ruler. Independent groups of blind- folded-sighted, late-blind, congenitally blind, and low-vision subjects judged the sizes of wings-in and wings-out stimuli, plain lines, and lines with short vertical ends. An illusion was found, since the wings-in stimuli were judged as shorter than the wings-out patterns and all of the other stimuli. Subjects generally underestimated the lengths of lines. In a second experiment we found a nonsignificant difference between length judgments of raised lines as opposed to …

Tangible Pictures: Viewpoint Effects And Linear Perspective In Visually Impaired People, Morton Heller, Deneen Brackett, Eric Scroggs, Heather Steffen, Kim Heatherly, Shana Salik

Faculty Research and Creative Activity

Perception of raised-line pictures in blindfolded-sighted, congenitally blind, late-blind, and low-vision subjects was studied in a series of experiments. The major aim of the study was to examine the value of perspective drawings for haptic pictures and visually impaired individuals. In experiment 1, subjects felt two wooden boards joined at 458, 908, or 1358, and were instructed to pick the correct perspective drawing from among four choices. The first experiment on perspective found a significant effect of visual status, with much higher performance by the low-vision subjects. Mean performance for the congenitally blind subjects was not significantly different from that …

Tangible Pictures: Viewpoint Effects And Linear Perspective In Visually Impaired People, Morton A. Heller, Deneen D. Brackett, Eric Scroggs, Heather Steffen, Kim Heatherly, Shana Salik

Faculty Research and Creative Activity

Perception of raised-line pictures in blindfolded-sighted, congenitally blind, late-blind, and low-vision subjects was studied in a series of experiments. The major aim of the study was to examine the value of perspective drawings for haptic pictures and visually impaired individuals. In experiment 1, subjects felt two wooden boards joined at 458, 908, or 1358, and were instructed to pick the correct perspective drawing from among four choices. The first experiment on perspective found a significant effect of visual status, with much higher performance by the low-vision subjects. Mean performance for the congenitally blind subjects was not significantly different from that …

Spirituality Education For Graduate Social Workers: A Vaccine For Burnout?, Beverly Ann Fontaine

Theses Digitization Project

The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the implications of a connection between spirituality courses in social work graduate programs and the prevention of burnout among practitioners in the field.

The Haptic Muller-Lyer Illusion In Sighted And Blind People, Morton Heller, Deneen Brackett, Kathy Wilson, Keiko Yoneyama, Amanda Boyer, Heather Steffen

Faculty Research and Creative Activity

We examined the effect of visual experience on the haptic Mu« ller-Lyer illusion. Subjects made size estimates of raised lines by using a sliding haptic ruler. Independent groups of blind- folded-sighted, late-blind, congenitally blind, and low-vision subjects judged the sizes of wings-in and wings-out stimuli, plain lines, and lines with short vertical ends. An illusion was found, since the wings-in stimuli were judged as shorter than the wings-out patterns and all of the other stimuli. Subjects generally underestimated the lengths of lines. In a second experiment we found a nonsignificant difference between length judgments of raised lines as opposed to …

Social Cubism: A Comprehensive Look At The Causes Of Conflict In Sri Lanka, S. I. Keethaponcalan

ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law

The conflict between the ethnic Sinhalese and the Tamils in Sri Lanka is one of the prominent ethnic problems in the world today.

Implementation And Evaluation Of Group -Based Prevention Of Eating Concerns Using Self -Efficacy And Knowledge Enhancement, Lindsey Erin Laplant

Doctoral Dissertations

The project implemented and evaluated a prevention program for eating concerns with first year college women. Two prevention conditions were examined. One condition provided information about eating concerns, from definitions to biopsychosocial risks and consequences. The second condition built self-efficacy and skills in the participants along with presenting information. The evaluation component was unique compared to other evaluations in the eating concerns prevention literature. It used pre and post intervention assessments, a control group, and had a larger sample of participants compared to other similar published programs. Both quantitative and qualitative assessment techniques were used to evaluate participants' experience in …

The Effects Of Reader-Generated And Previously Existing Text Marking On Comprehension In Readers Of Different Skill Levels, Kenneth Edward Bell

Doctoral Dissertations

Previous research examining effects of previously existing and reader generated text marking has failed to demonstrate whether or not it is beneficial or detrimental to the reader. Furthermore, whether or not text marking has differential effects on readers of different skill has not been determined. The studies reported here attempted to clarify the questions that remain about the effects of text marking on comprehension, in readers of different skill levels, through analysis of marking in student textbooks as well as through the use of experimental methods.

Study 1 demonstrated that low-skill readers claim to highlight on more occasions when studying, …