Digital Commons Network^™

Organizational Justice, Organizational Citizenship, And Group Performance In An Educational Setting, Charles Peterson

Student Work

Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) is a widely researched topic in the psychology literature. However, the research has failed to provide strong support for one of the most central assumptions of OCB, the assumption that it increases organizational performance. Thirty-one groups of graduate students participated in this research, which attempted to demonstrate a link between OCB and group performance within a social exchange framework. Data were collected measuring the groups’ levels of perceived trust, justice, and OCB; instructors provided grades and ratings of the performance of the groups on various class projects completed throughout the semester. Although the sportsmanship OCB sub-dimension …

The Visual Perception Of Distance In Action Space., Bing Wu 1973-

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This work examines our perception of distance within "action space" (about 2m ~ 30m), an ability that is important for various actions. Two general problems are addressed: what information can be used to judge distance accurately and how is it processed? The dissertation is in two parts. The first part considers the "what" question. Subjects' distance judgment was examined in real, altered and virtual environments by using perceptual tasks or actions to assess the role of a variety of intrinsic and environmental depth cues. The findings show that the perception of angular declination, or height in the visual field, is …

The Sexual Abuse Crisis In The Roman Catholic Church: What Psychologists And Counselors Should Know, Thomas G. Plante, Courtney Daniels

Psychology

Recent events regarding child sexual abuse committed by Roman Catholic priests in the Archdiocese of Boston and elsewhere have yet again resulted in a tremendous amount of media attention and frenzy regarding this topic. During 2002 alone, approximately 300 American Catholic priests, including several bishops, were accused of child sexual abuse. Many were forced to resign their positions while others were prosecuted and went to prison. Curiously, there still exist many myths and misperceptions about priests who sexually abuse children and their victims. Since psychologists and other mental health professionals are likely to interact with many who have been impacted …

Extraversion/Introversion And Subclinical Self-Harm In Undergraduate Students, Norma Salazar-Cortez

Theses and Dissertations - UTB/UTPA

Objective. To examine the relationship between the extraversion/introversion personality dimension and mildly injurious (fingernail biting, skin picking, etc.) and more injurious (cutting, burning, etc.) self-harming behaviors.

Method. An undergraduate sample of 146 students volunteered to complete several measures including the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised and Self-Harm Information Form.

Results. Participants with no history of self-harm endorsed similar levels of extraversion in comparison to participants with a history of mildly or moderately injurious self-harm. Comparison between the groups using a One-Factor Between Subjects Analysis of Variance was not significant.

Conclusion. A proposition is made to expand future research …

"My Partner Wasn't So Disgusting When We First Started Dating, What Happened?" : An Exploration Of Change Processes In Close Relationships And Their Causes., Stephen R. Shamblen

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

We are more likely to "hurt the one's we love" than we are complete strangers (cf. R. Miller, 1991, 1997). Early in dating relationships, partners appear to me more likely to manage their impressions to present themselves as better than they really are (romantic inflation), and later in relationships, partners may behave in a manner that is worse than their typical behavior (post romanticism). The social allergy and social enrichment constructs are relevant to these phenomena, as these typologies focus on partner behaviors that are rather minor in their impact on an individual's affect to behaviors that have a major …

Psy 3541 Course Proposal, Curriculum Committee

Curriculum Committee Reports

No abstract provided.

Relationship Between Personality Styles And Drug/Alcohol Use In Prison Inmates, Anita S. Quinn Flye

Doctoral Dissertations

When assessing areas of clinical pathology and substance abuse, clinicians are not always provided with critical background information needed to assess properly and diagnosis their clients. For various reasons, full disclosure is not forthcoming during the initial intake or assessment process. Inadequate knowledge will, in turn, affect treatment planning. Valid and reliable assessment instruments are an invaluable resource for extracting additional facts. This study investigated that criterion validity between the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI-III) and the Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory-3 (SASSI-3), as well as attempted to replicate psychopathology subgroup clusters as noted in a study by McMahon, Malow, …

An Exploration Into Gender Role Conflict, Attitudes Toward Females, And Relationship Beliefs, Julia M. Wood

Doctoral Dissertations

Gender role conflict and negative attitudes toward females have been areas of increasing concern since the early 1970s. Research has shown that both gender role conflict and negative attitudes toward females cause complications for the person with such perspectives. Relationships are an area that has been impacted by gender role conflict and attitudes toward females. Determining the impact that gender role conflict and attitudes toward females have upon each other and upon relationship beliefs will increase awareness of the seriousness of these complications allowing clinicians to focus therapeutic interventions on methods that will increase relationship quality.

Using the Gender Role …

Latter-Day Saint Returned Missionaries In The United States: A Survey On Religious Activity And Postmission Adjustment, Bruce A. Chadwick, Richard J. Mcclendon

BYU Studies

Each year, approximately twenty to thirty thousand Latter-day Saint young adults leave to serve missions throughout the world. Once these young adults return home from their missionary service, must go on to further their education, begin a career, marry, and establish a family. Returned missionaries are a unique group in the Church and are often a point of interest. Parents, for example, note the challenges their missionary has as he or she makes the transition from the mission field to home. They sometimes observe their returned missionary confronting increased stress levels as he or she shifts form the singular focus …

Relative Burdens: Family Ties And The Safety Net, Lee Anne Fennell

William & Mary Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Effects Of Scripts On Treatment Integrity, Kyle S. Hesser

Student Work

The extent to which teachers carry out interventions as designed, called treatment integrity, is an important area that has recently received an increase in attention. Without treatment integrity, any behavior change that may occur cannot be confidently linked to the intervention. There have been few studies attempting to increase treatment integrity using scripts. Scripts are collaboratively developed step-by-step outlines of treatment components that aid the teacher in implementing the intervention. Two general education elementary teachers used scripts to implement an intervention and monitor treatment integrity. Student performance was moderately improved once the intervention was implemented. Scripts did not significantly change …

California Institute Of Integral Studies -- Catalog 2004-2006, Ciis

CIIS Catalogs Archive

This is the 2004-2006 catalog of courses, staff and faculty for the California Institute of Integral Studies (CIIS).

The Equation, Winter 2004, College Of Science And Mathematics, Wright State University

College of Science and Mathematics Newsletters

This 6 page newsletter discusses various happenings within the College of Science and Mathematics. It begins with a letter from the dean, and continues on with news, events, alumni news, and other community news.

Use It Or Lose It? What Predicts Age-Related Declines In Cognitive Performance In Elderly Adults?, Katherine Midkiff

McNair Scholars Journal

Psychologists have suggested two possible causes of declines in cognitive performance with age: declines in cognitive capacity (e.g., working memory), and the level of stimulation in their environments. Fourteen college students (mean age=21 years, SD=1.65), seven middle-aged (40-59, mean age=51, SD=4.8), and five elderly (60+, mean age=74.8, SD=8.3) participants completed a series of assessments including simple and complex measures of processing and reasoning and assessments of cognitive stimulation. The results indicated that working memory declines with age and that these declines predicted performance on complex reasoning tasks while cognitive stimulation was unrelated to performance.

Dysfunctional Cognitions: Associations With Perfectionistic Thinking Utilizing The Positive And Negative Perfectionism Construct, Jennifer E. Nyland

McNair Scholars Journal

Historically, perfectionism has been associated with symptomatologies such as depression, anxiety, and procrastination (Hewitt & Flett, 1991). However, a newer construct expands and includes both positive and negative aspects to perfectionism (Flett, Russo, & Hewitt, 1994; Frost, Marten, Lahart, & Rosenblatt, 1990; Hamachek, 1978; Norman, Davies, Nicholson, Cortese, & Malla, 1998; Terry-Short, Owens, Slade, & Dewey, 1995). Maximization has been defined by tendencies similar to negative perfectionism. Cognitive distortion has been associated with depression and anxiety; however, little research has evaluated cognitive distortions in relation to perfectionism. This study examines associations of positive and negative perfectionism, cognitive distortion, and maximization. …

Cultural Influences On The Formation Of Interpersonal Intentions, Susan Polanco

McNair Scholars Journal

The formation of interpersonal intentions has been a central theme in socialpsychological research for over twenty years. Existing psychological models propose that attitudes, social norms, and moral obligations often combine to form intentions. These models will be utilized to develop individual indexes of the relative influence of attitudes, norms, and moral obligations in forming intentions. These indexes will then be correlated with measures of locus of control, selfmonitoring, and individualism-collectivism in order to explore the extent to which personal and cultural factors influence the intention-formation process.

Mind And Body: Psychology And Neuroscience, Morton Heller

Faculty Research and Creative Activity

No abstract provided.

Mind And Body: Psychology And Neuroscience, Morton A. Heller

Faculty Research and Creative Activity

No abstract provided.

The Role Of Frontal Cortical-Basal Ganglia Circuits In Simple And Sequential Visuomotor Learning, Kathleen R. Bailey

Doctoral Dissertations

Imaging, recording and lesioning studies implicate the basal ganglia and anatomically related regions of frontal cortex in visuomotor learning. Two experiments were conducted to elucidate the role of frontal cortex and striatum in visuomotor learning. Several tasks were used to characterize motor function including: a visuomotor reaction time (VSRT) task, measuring response speed and accuracy to luminance cues; simple stimulus-response (S-R) learning, measuring VSRT improvements when cues occurred in consistent locations over several trials; and a serial reaction time (SRT) task measuring motor sequence learning. SRT learning was characterized by incremental changes in reaction time (RT) when trained with the …

The Venetian Blind Effect: Contrast Disparity Modulation In Irradiation Stereoscopy, Eugene T. Filley

Doctoral Dissertations

In Experiment 1 we measured contrast disparity thresholds for the perception of slant in the venetian blind effect for a square-wave carrier spatial frequency of 3.14 c/deg and square-wave modulation spatial frequencies of 0.26, 0.39, 0.79, and 1.57 c/deg.

In Experiment 2 we increased the spatial frequencies. We measured contrast disparity thresholds for the perception of slant for a square-wave carrier spatial frequency of 5.24 c/deg and square-wave modulation spatial frequencies of 0.33, 0.65, 1.31, and 2.62 c/deg.

In Experiment 3 we returned to the spatial frequencies of Experiment 1 but used sine-wave modulation. We measured contrast disparity thresholds for …

Linking Focus And Context In Three-Dimensional Multiscale Environments, Matthew D. Plumlee

Doctoral Dissertations

The central question behind this dissertation is this: In what ways can 3D multiscale spatial information be presented in an interactive computer graphics environment, such that a human observer can better comprehend it? Toward answering this question, a two-pronged approach is employed that consists of practice within computer user-interface design, and theory grounded in perceptual psychology, bound together by an approach to the question in terms of focus and context as they apply to human attention. The major practical contribution of this dissertation is the development of a novel set of techniques for linking 3D windows to various kinds of …

Self-Efficacy And Allocation Of Effort During Reading Among Older And Younger Adults, Danielle D. Gagne

Doctoral Dissertations

Recent research in social cognition suggests one's self-efficacy beliefs regarding one's cognitive abilities can influence the effort expended on cognitive tasks (Bandura, 1989; 1997; Cavanaugh & Greene, 1990; Dunlosky & Hertzog, 1998), which may affect performance. This project was conducted to examine the relationship between age, self-efficacy beliefs, text difficulty, resource allocation to text comprehension processes, and memory for text. 82 younger adults and 74 older adults completed the Metamemory in Adulthood Questionnaire (MIA; Dixon, Hultsch & Hertzog, 1988), Reading Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (RSEQ), and Media Consumption Habits Questionnaire. Using the on-line word-by-word moving window method, participants read 24 two-sentence passages …

Mental Accounting Psychology And Life Cycle Economics: Who Saves, Who Doesn't And How To Tell The Difference, Thomas James Van De Water Iv.

Doctoral Dissertations

Wealth is often associated with status purchases or belonging to a demographic group instead of a cognitive decision process for saving and accumulating wealth. Mental accounting psychology (Kahneman & Tversky, 1979; Shefrin & Thaler, 1988) and life cycle economics (Modigliani & Brumberg, 1954) describe two different saving processes. Qualitative interviews in Study 1 (adult heads of household, n = 24) and a quantitative analysis in Study 2 (2001 Survey of Consumer Finances, n = 4,332) compared high and low saving people using mental accounting and life cycle variables. Interviews in Study 1 predominantly described saving in terms of short-term, mental …

Corporal Punishment As A Determinant Of Developmental Outcomes: Longitudinal And Process Models, Matthew K. Mulvaney

Doctoral Dissertations

There were two goals of this research: (1) to establish that normative corporal punishment has an impact on children's mental health and the parent-child relationship and (2) to identify intrapersonal variables that determine the impact of this parenting behavior. The first study examined the influence of corporal punishment across infancy and early childhood with longitudinal analyses performed on data from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development. The results suggest that corporal punishment does have a direct, unique impact on children's mental health and on the mother-child relationship. For the second study, a college sample was studied …

Impact Of Macular Pigment Optical Density On Photophobia Threshold, Adam James Wenzel

Doctoral Dissertations

Two carotenoids, lutein and zeaxanthin, accumulate in the central retina where they are collectively referred to as macular pigment (MP). By absorbing short-wavelength light, MP may attenuate photophobia (PP)---visual discomfort induced by normal light exposure---for targets composed of short-wavelength light. The aim of this study was twofold: first, to investigate a possible relationship between integrated macular pigment optical density (MPOD) and PP thresholds for short-wavelength targets relative to mid- to long-wavelength targets; and second, to measure changes in PP thresholds after increasing MP with lutein supplements.

MPOD was measured psychophysically at 20', 30', 60' and 120' eccentricity with a Macular …

Mourning, Evil And Grace: A Hermeneutical-Phenomenological Approach, James Dubose

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation compares the debates on evil and grace between Augustine, Pelagius, and Manichean Gnosticism with those between Freud, Jung, Fromm, and Jaspers. Through a phenomenological understanding of mourniing and the hermeneutical interpretation of both fourth century theologians and twentieth century psychologists, I argue that evil and grace are different, equiprimordal ways of mourning-in-the-world.

The Columbus Project In The Family Court Of Western Australia: A Model Of Reflective Practice, Lisbeth Pike, Paul Murphy

Research outputs pre 2011

The Columbus Pilot project conducted in the Family Court of Western Australia during 2001-2003, was established to deal with cases that are characterised by violence. Paul Murphy and Lis Pike of the School of Psychology, Edith Cowan University, discuss how the Columbus process of jointly chaired interdisciplinary conferences in the court has influenced the evolution of a model of reflective practice.

Sometimes, Practice Makes Imperfect: Overcoming The Automaticity Of Challenging Behavior By Linking Intervention To Thoughts, Feelings, And Action, Robert A. Gable, Richard Van Acker

Communication Disorders & Special Education Faculty Publications

In schools throughout the country, education personnel express concern over the aggressive and antisocial behavior of children and youth. The frequency and severity of these acts compel us to find more effective strategies for decreasing and eliminating these behaviors. In this article, we argue for a broader explanation of the nature and treatment of aggressive behavior, especially when it rises to what is essentially an automotive response level. We contend that both assessment and intervention must account for internal and external influences on behavior and that treatment should encompass cognitive, affective, and behavioral dimensions of the problem. Finally, we discuss …

Community And School Violence: An Ethnographic Study, Martha Santiago

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

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To Examine The Relationship Between Neuropsychological Tests Of Executive Functioning And Living Independently, Steven Paul Greco

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

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