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Adolescent Expressive Reluctance Exacerbates Risk For Substance Use Following Daily Hassles, Chad M. Hensberger, David W. Sosnowski M.S., Wendy Kliewer Ph.D, Kristina Mcguire M.S. Jan 2018

Adolescent Expressive Reluctance Exacerbates Risk For Substance Use Following Daily Hassles, Chad M. Hensberger, David W. Sosnowski M.S., Wendy Kliewer Ph.D, Kristina Mcguire M.S.

UROP Posters

Previous research has established a link between adolescent’s perceived daily hassles and subsequent adjustment, but less is known about factors that exacerbate this relationship. The purpose of the present study was to identify if adolescent’s reluctance to express emotions moderated the association between their perceived daily hassles and subsequent substance use (i.e., alcohol, marijuana, tobacco). Cross-sectional data were obtained from a larger study that examined the effects of exposure to community violence among low-income, urban adolescents (N = 260, Mage = 14.14, SD = 1.62 years; 92% African American; 54% female). Linear regression analyses controlling for adolescent age, …

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Intra- And Inter-Personal Predictors Of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder And Sexual Risk-Taking Behaviors, Seigie L. Kennedy Jan 2018

Intra- And Inter-Personal Predictors Of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder And Sexual Risk-Taking Behaviors, Seigie L. Kennedy

Graduate Dissertations and Theses

Sexual risk-taking, while common in college culture, can increase the risk of sexual victimization. Nearly 20% of college women have been sexually assaulted (Krebs et al., 2009). Moreover, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) has been associated with sexual risk-taking (Johnson & Johnson, 2013). Self-esteem and social support are known to be related to PTSD and sexual risk-taking (Gullette & Lyons, 2006; Johnson & Johnson, 2013). This study aims to examine sexual victimization history, self-esteem, and social support as relative predictors of PTSD and sexual risk-taking using a sample of 229 female undergraduates. Results suggest that enhancing self-esteem, as opposed to bolstering …

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Effects Of Chemogenetic Inhibition Of Dopamine Transporter- Or A2a-Expressing Neurons On Spontaneous Activity And Motivation To Consume A Palatable Food Reward, James D. Wherry Jan 2018

Effects Of Chemogenetic Inhibition Of Dopamine Transporter- Or A2a-Expressing Neurons On Spontaneous Activity And Motivation To Consume A Palatable Food Reward, James D. Wherry

Graduate Dissertations and Theses

Dopamine (DA) transmission in the striatum influences the motivated pursuit of rewarding stimuli. Pharmacological and opto- and chemo-genetic studies have suggested that the release of DA onto D2+/A2A+-expressing striatopallidal neurons, plays a role in this process. To determine the potentially dissociable roles of DA-releasing ventral midbrain and striatopallidal neurons on motivational processes, we employed double transgenic mice that expressed inhibitory DREADDs—designer receptors that are activated only by otherwise inert ligands—only in dopamine transporter (DAT) or A2A adenosine receptor (A2A) expressing neurons, allowing us to transiently inhibit either DA-releasing neurons (DATcre/DREADD) or striatopallidal neurons (A2Acre/DREADD) during various tests. In the first …

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Heritable Variation In Reward Sensitivity And Impulsive Cction And Choice In A Genetically Diverse Inbred Mouse Panel, Lauren S. Bailey Jan 2018

Heritable Variation In Reward Sensitivity And Impulsive Cction And Choice In A Genetically Diverse Inbred Mouse Panel, Lauren S. Bailey

Graduate Dissertations and Theses

Research in animal models and human subjects points towards reward sensitivity and impulsivity as being characteristics that predict greater positive subjective responses to stimulant drugs. The Collaborative Cross (CC) recombinant inbred mouse strains and their inbred founders are a powerful genetic reference panel that has potential as a tool for revealing genetic correlations. The CC/DO founder strains were used to examine the heritability of reward sensitivity and impulsivity traits. Founder strains were tested for activity in an open field, reward sensitivity, and reversal learning (impulsive action) or delay discounting (impulsive choice). Significant heritability for anticipatory responding within the reversal task, …

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Apoe E4 Carrier Status And Prestroke Cognitive Function In A Case/Cohort Sample Of Incident Stroke From The Reasons For Geographic And Racial Differences In Stroke (Regards) Study, Caroline Lassen-Greene Jan 2018

Apoe E4 Carrier Status And Prestroke Cognitive Function In A Case/Cohort Sample Of Incident Stroke From The Reasons For Geographic And Racial Differences In Stroke (Regards) Study, Caroline Lassen-Greene

All ETDs from UAB

This study explores the role of ApoE e4 in cognitive function and incident stroke to better understand the risk of cognitive decline associated with both normal aging and dementia. ApoE e4 is a genetic risk factor for mild cognitive impairment and dementia, and may have detrimental effects on cerebrovascular integrity by increasing the risk of acquiring cerebrovascular abnormalities such as white matter lesions (WMLs), infarcts, and cerebral microbleeds. Subtle cognitive impairments may reflect these clinically undetected brain vascular pathologies that also are associated with increased likelihood of incident stroke. Results of the study revealed that ApoE e4 was associated with …

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Models Of Law, Christian Turner Jan 2018

Models Of Law, Christian Turner

Scholarly Works

The more we examine what is behind our most difficult legal questions, the more puzzling it can seem that we continue both to disagree strongly and, yet, to cooperate. If law is a reasoned enterprise, how is it that we are neither torn apart nor homogenized by our long social practice of it? I resolve this puzzle, and arrive at a richer understanding of law, using the idea of modeling familiar from the natural sciences and mathematics. I show (a) that theorists can model legal systems as abstract systems of institutions, information flows, and institutional processing or reasoning and (b) …

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The Stigmatization Of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder As Influenced By Gender, Evelina Alex Jan 2018

The Stigmatization Of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder As Influenced By Gender, Evelina Alex

Senior Independent Study Theses

Children who are diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder are inherently more vulnerable to stigma in ways that children without this diagnosis are. The current study was an experimental study in which attitudes towards children with and without Autism were measured through a vignette along with an attribution questionnaire. The purpose of the questionnaire, modified from Ling, Mak, & Cheng (2010) was to analyze peoples’ perceptions about the actions of children with and without Autism. The questionnaire examined sympathy, helping behavioral intention, punitive behavioral intention, perceived controllability, and anger. Disability status was defined as the first independent variable, with gender being …

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An Analysis Of The Ego-Depletion Effects Of Emotion Versus Attention Draining Tasks: Even Emotionally Arousing Depletion Tasks Do Not Show An Ego-Depletion Effect, Savannah Binion Jan 2018

An Analysis Of The Ego-Depletion Effects Of Emotion Versus Attention Draining Tasks: Even Emotionally Arousing Depletion Tasks Do Not Show An Ego-Depletion Effect, Savannah Binion

Senior Independent Study Theses

The theory of ego-depletion has come under intense scrutiny within the past few years. Beginning around 2010, researchers conducted meta-analyses and large replication studies that have investigated this topic, and found a wide range of evidence for and against the existence of an ego-depletion effect. Although the goal has been to determine whether this effect exists or not, the research has proved that the answer may be more complicated than that. The purpose of the current research was to examine the different theories about self-control, and to test two specific depleting tasks against a control group. The depleting tasks were …

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Resilience In Stem Students: An Analysis Of The Demographic, Intrapersonal, And Interpersonal Predictors Of Resilience, Catherine B. Kuzmishin Jan 2018

Resilience In Stem Students: An Analysis Of The Demographic, Intrapersonal, And Interpersonal Predictors Of Resilience, Catherine B. Kuzmishin

Senior Independent Study Theses

This study is interested in the relationship between students of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) and resilience. Specifically, this study aims to identify demographic, interpersonal, and intrapersonal predictors of resilience in STEM students. It was hypothesized that coping would mediate the relationship between anxiety and STEM students’ resilience. Data was collected to determine the predictors of resilience. There was no difference in STEM and non-STEM students’ resilience. With males demonstrating slightly higher resilience than females, however there were no racial group differences in resilience. Hierarchical linear regression analysis revealed that locus of causality significantly predicted resilience, specifically, that STEM …

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An Examination Of The Relationship Between Perceptions Of Campus Climate And Academic Competence, Cheyenne Mcqueen Jan 2018

An Examination Of The Relationship Between Perceptions Of Campus Climate And Academic Competence, Cheyenne Mcqueen

Senior Independent Study Theses

No abstract provided.

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Beyond The Breakfast Club: The Influence Of Breakfast Type On Cognition, Jillian D. Saccogna Jan 2018

Beyond The Breakfast Club: The Influence Of Breakfast Type On Cognition, Jillian D. Saccogna

Senior Independent Study Theses

The glycemic index (“GI”) of a food refers to the magnitude with which the food elevates an individual’s blood glucose levels, and this value can be used to calculate the glycemic load (“GL”) of a specific portion of food. Some evidence suggests that blood glucose levels may play a key role in self-control. Emerging research suggests that consuming low GI or GL breakfasts may enhance memory performance and result in greater levels of positive affect compared to high GI or GL breakfasts. Participants in the present study were randomly assigned to consume either a low GI/GL breakfast or a high …

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The Influence Of Exposure To Unbalanced Sex Ratios On Perceived Vocal Attractiveness, Taylor N. Sikich Jan 2018

The Influence Of Exposure To Unbalanced Sex Ratios On Perceived Vocal Attractiveness, Taylor N. Sikich

Senior Independent Study Theses

The population sex ratio greatly impacts human behavior, especially mating patterns. Recent research shows that visual exposure to unbalanced sex ratios influences perceived facial attractiveness for opposite-sex faces. When opposite-sex faces are scarce in exposure, subsequent opposite-sex faces are rated as more attractive than when they are plentiful during exposure. The current work examines an auditory analog of this effect by exposing listeners to unbalanced ratios of male and female voices and measuring the perceived attractiveness of subsequently presented opposite sex voices. A 2x2 ANOVA was conducted with participant sex and sex ratio exposure as the between-subject factors. Results showed …

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Food For Thought: The Effects Of Past And Present Food Insecurity On Subjective Well-Being And Child Behavior, Jena C. Styka Jan 2018

Food For Thought: The Effects Of Past And Present Food Insecurity On Subjective Well-Being And Child Behavior, Jena C. Styka

Senior Independent Study Theses

Food insecurity arises when one does not have physical, social, or economic access to safe, sufficient, and nutritious food. According to the United States Department of Agriculture (2016), food insecurity affects 15.6 million U.S. households. Its effects go beyond the physical consequences that might arise from not having adequate nutrition, influencing subjective well-being and behavior in both adults and children. This 2 x 2 quasi-experiment investigated how current and prior food insecurity influenced depression, anxiety, stress, life satisfaction, and happiness in parents, as well as how it influenced child behavior. Results indicated that prior experiences of food insecurity resulted in …

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The Effects Of Objectification On Varsity Athletes: A Comparison Of Its Consequences In Sports With Revealing And Non-Revealing Uniforms, Maggie C. Layde Jan 2018

The Effects Of Objectification On Varsity Athletes: A Comparison Of Its Consequences In Sports With Revealing And Non-Revealing Uniforms, Maggie C. Layde

Senior Independent Study Theses

To examine the influence of revealing and non-revealing uniforms on body image and appearance, restrictive dieting and compulsive exercise behaviors, and objectified body consciousness, this study involved the participation of 108 College of Wooster students, 83 of which were College of Wooster student athletes between the ages of 18 and 22. The study was directed towards determining whether the type of uniform (revealing or non-revealing) had an influence on male and female athletes and their feelings towards their body and appearance, compulsive exercise behaviors, restrictive dieting behaviors, and level of objectified body consciousness. A pilot study was run to determine …

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Attachment Style And Romantic Satisfaction As Predictors Of Relationship Visibility On Facebook, Amanda I. Wells Jan 2018

Attachment Style And Romantic Satisfaction As Predictors Of Relationship Visibility On Facebook, Amanda I. Wells

Senior Independent Study Theses

The current study investigates the influence of adult attachment style on romantic posting behaviors on Facebook. Attachment theory has been widely used to examine behaviors and attitudes within romantic relationships, but little research has been done to extend these findings to the context of social media. A survey of 212 participants was conducted using Amazon’s Mechanical Turk. The results of a linear regression analysis showed that attachment avoidance and attachment anxiety predicted lower levels of romantic satisfaction, a finding reflective of previous attachment research (Hazan & Shaver, 1987). Two separate regression analyses were conducted to examine possible predictors of participants’ …

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Independent And Interactive Associations Of Negative Affect, Restraint, And Impulsivity In Relation To Binge Eating Among Women, Tyler B. Mason, Kathryn E. Smith, Jason M. Lavender, Robin J. Lewis Jan 2018

Independent And Interactive Associations Of Negative Affect, Restraint, And Impulsivity In Relation To Binge Eating Among Women, Tyler B. Mason, Kathryn E. Smith, Jason M. Lavender, Robin J. Lewis

Psychology Faculty Publications

There is growing recognition that impulsivity may serve as an underlying risk factor for binge eating. In addition, the association of impulsivity with binge eating may be moderated by other affective and cognitive risk factors. This study examined independent and interactive associations of negative affect, dietary restraint, and facets of impulsivity with binge eating. A diverse sample of 566 undergraduate women completed online questionnaires of study variables. Results revealed a three-way interaction of negative affect, dietary restraint, and attentional impulsivity in relation to binge eating. Women who were high on each of these three variables reported the greatest levels of …

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Psychometric Properties Of A Modified Moral Injury Questionnaire In A Military Population, Abby L. Braitman, Allison R. Battles, Michelle L. Kelley, Hannah C. Hamrick, Robert J. Cramer, Sarah Ehlke, Adrian J. Bravo Jan 2018

Psychometric Properties Of A Modified Moral Injury Questionnaire In A Military Population, Abby L. Braitman, Allison R. Battles, Michelle L. Kelley, Hannah C. Hamrick, Robert J. Cramer, Sarah Ehlke, Adrian J. Bravo

Psychology Faculty Publications

Moral injury (MI) results from perpetration of or exposure to distressing events, known as morally injurious events (MIEs), that challenge moral beliefs and values. Due to the type of involvement in recent military conflicts, many veterans report MIEs that may cause dissonance and, in turn, MI. Although 2 existing measures assess MIEs, neither currently assesses the defining characteristics of MI (i.e., guilt, shame, difficulty forgiving self and others, and withdrawal). The present study reports the initial psychometric test of a modified version (Robbins, Kelley, Hamrick, Bravo, & White, 2017) of the Moral Injury Questionnaire—Military version (MIQ-M; Currier, Holland, Drescher, & …

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Preconceptional Health Behavior Change In Women With Overweight And Obesity: Prototype For Smart Strong Healthy Women Intervention, Frank T. Materia, Joshua M. Smyth, Kristin E. Heron, Marianne Hillemeier, Mark E. Feinberg, Patricia Fonzi, Danielle Symons Jan 2018

Preconceptional Health Behavior Change In Women With Overweight And Obesity: Prototype For Smart Strong Healthy Women Intervention, Frank T. Materia, Joshua M. Smyth, Kristin E. Heron, Marianne Hillemeier, Mark E. Feinberg, Patricia Fonzi, Danielle Symons

Psychology Faculty Publications

Background: The prevalence of maternal perinatal obesity is rising, and in turn, increases health risks and morbidity for both mother and child. Past evidence suggests the preconceptional Strong Healthy Women (SHW) intervention can reduce multiple biobehavioral risk factors for adverse perinatal health. The SHW intervention, however, was time- and resource-intensive to deliver. Mobile health (mHealth) technologies provide an opportunity to expand intervention reach while reducing implementation cost and burden. Previous research suggests that preconceptional women are broadly supportive of using smartphones for behavior change, yet few studies have elicited their specific preferences for a targeted mHealth intervention. The objective of …

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Measuring Sexual Minority Stressors In Lesbians Women's Daily Lives: Initial Scale Development, Kristin Heron, Abby L. Braitman, Robin J. Lewis, Alexander T. Shappie, Phoebe T. Hitson Jan 2018

Measuring Sexual Minority Stressors In Lesbians Women's Daily Lives: Initial Scale Development, Kristin Heron, Abby L. Braitman, Robin J. Lewis, Alexander T. Shappie, Phoebe T. Hitson

Psychology Faculty Publications

Lesbian women face unique sexual minority stressors (SMS) because of their stigmatized and marginalized status in society. Existing studies of SMS are primarily cross-sectional and use global measures of SMS. The goal of the present study was to develop a brief daily measure of SMS for use in daily diary or ecological momentary assessment studies. Existing retrospective measures of SMS were reviewed, resulting in an initial pool of 29 items. Thirty-eight lesbian women (Mage = 24.3 years, range: 19–30 years) completed a daily web-based survey including the SMS items for 12 days. Two response scales were tested; participants were randomized …

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Further Evidence Of Schizophrenia-Related Personality Disorder Symptoms In Psychometrically Identified Schizotypic College Students, Janice P. Guidi Jan 2018

Further Evidence Of Schizophrenia-Related Personality Disorder Symptoms In Psychometrically Identified Schizotypic College Students, Janice P. Guidi

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness for which the etiology is still largely unknown. However, one of the most prominent etiological hypotheses involves endophenotypes, which are seen as subtle signs and indicators that may denote susceptibility to developing the disorder. Among the endophenotypes associated with schizophrenia are premorbid personality disturbances. Namely, there is research to suggest that certain personality disorders (i.e., schizotypal, schizoid, paranoid, and avoidant) are present at a greater frequency than other personality disorders in the prodromal phase of schizophrenia. Research indicates that significantly more symptoms of these personality disorders are seen in a schizotypic college student population …

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The Effectiveness Of Intrusive Advising Programs On Academic Achievement And Retention In Higher Education, Caroline Mulhall Reader Jan 2018

The Effectiveness Of Intrusive Advising Programs On Academic Achievement And Retention In Higher Education, Caroline Mulhall Reader

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Academic advising in higher Education has been affected by many factors since its development at Harvard College in 1636 (Brubacher & Rudy, 1997). Currently in higher Education, 33% of first year students do not return for their second year of academic work (U.S. News and World Report, 2015); only 60% of students graduate college within a six-year period (Porter, 1990). As universities place emphasis on increasing retention and graduation rates, academic advising has developed into a new form of advising, intrusive advising. Intrusive advising aims to give support to students in order for them to become more prepared and capable …

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Evolution Of Psychotherapy 2017: Quick Review Of The Conference, Ulkar Isayeva Jan 2018

Evolution Of Psychotherapy 2017: Quick Review Of The Conference, Ulkar Isayeva

Khazar Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

No abstract provided.

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The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Body Language In Intercultural Communication, Miramar Damanhouri Jan 2018

The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Body Language In Intercultural Communication, Miramar Damanhouri

Khazar Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

This study is an attempt to explore the advantages and disadvantages of non-verbal communication, specifically body language, in intercultural settings, and the extent to which non-verbal factors contribute to the success of communication , by interviewing 31 English language instructors at the English language Institute at King Abdulaziz University. The instructors came from different cultural backgrounds and their length of stay in Saudi Arabia varies from 1 year to more than 7 years. The findings show that although the main function of body language in an intercultural setting is to clarify meaning when language is a barrier, the difference in …

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9-11 Year Old Students’ Perception Of Violence Reflected In Their Drawings, Melih Burak Ozdemir, Senem Gurkan, Yashar Barut Jan 2018

9-11 Year Old Students’ Perception Of Violence Reflected In Their Drawings, Melih Burak Ozdemir, Senem Gurkan, Yashar Barut

Khazar Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

Violence, which can be defined as any threat towards the physical and psychological integrity of a human being, can result in fear, anxiety and severe behavior problems on children, whether exposed or witnessed. In this study, it is planned to achieve children’s perception of violence expressed by drawing and obtaining data in this way. In this study, the type of violence children portray in their drawings, how they determine to portray characteristics who perpetrate violence and are exposed to it as well as how is applied are analyzed. To measure how children perceive the violence, they were asked to draw …

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The Implementation And Adoptability Of Behavioral Skills Training In A Career Center, Vinthia Wiryananda Wirantana Jan 2018

The Implementation And Adoptability Of Behavioral Skills Training In A Career Center, Vinthia Wiryananda Wirantana

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

It is unclear if staff at career centers use, or are willing to use, empirically-supported procedures like behavioral skills training (BST) when teaching interview skills to college students. The purpose of this study was to assess the extent to which the typical career center training consisted of BST, to evaluate staff-implemented BST, and to measure student performance as a result of both training. Using non-concurrent multiple baseline design, three staff were taught to use BST to teach three students to answer interview questions. First, staff used their typical training procedure, and then, they used BST to teach student interview skills; …

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Identity Practice: A Study Of Bangladeshi Immigrants Leisure Subculture And Identity Practices In Tallinn, Estonia, Aminul Islam Jan 2018

Identity Practice: A Study Of Bangladeshi Immigrants Leisure Subculture And Identity Practices In Tallinn, Estonia, Aminul Islam

Khazar Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

This paper addressed Game gathering in Tallinn, Estonia from the perspective of leisure subculture among Bangladeshi immigrants. By describing Identity and status practices, this paper figured how it is implemented through their leisure practices. This study also addressed the fact that leisure subculture is very important for the immigrants in order to get out of their stressful life as for many of them migration itself can be traumatic fact. Through ethnography this paper came up with the conclusion that leisure subculture provides a social cohesion which leads the immigrants to practice their different identity and status from within the community. …

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Structure And Socio-Dynamics Of Chechen Culture, Said Mushajiyev Jan 2018

Structure And Socio-Dynamics Of Chechen Culture, Said Mushajiyev

Khazar Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

The structure of Chechen culture, which includes various cultural and historical layers (Nakh, Islamic, Russian) is of a symbiotic nature. The ethnic core of culture in the process of formation has accepted and at the same time rejected various civilizational influences.

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Psychological Ways Of Expressing Appreciations, Experiences, Thanks And Blessings In The Society, Iwasan D. Kejawa Ed.D Jan 2018

Psychological Ways Of Expressing Appreciations, Experiences, Thanks And Blessings In The Society, Iwasan D. Kejawa Ed.D

Department of Educational Psychology: Faculty Publications

ABSTRACT: Research has shown that one of the avenues to make aware of once experiences, appreciations and blessings is through writing a gratitude journal or memoir. By journalizing our thought by hands or electronically, it may help us focus them, according to psychologist Robert Emmons, who says that he does this routinely to remind himself; it makes apple of time to understand the meaning and importance of people and events. It has been found that one should go for a depth in writing rather than breadth, because this will help one to enjoy what one appreciates, and what to keep …

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A Generative Model Of The Mutual Escalation Of Anxiety Between Religious Groups, F. Leron Shults, Ross Gore, Wesley J. Wildman, Christopher J. Lynch, Justin E. Lane, Monica D. Toft Jan 2018

A Generative Model Of The Mutual Escalation Of Anxiety Between Religious Groups, F. Leron Shults, Ross Gore, Wesley J. Wildman, Christopher J. Lynch, Justin E. Lane, Monica D. Toft

VMASC Publications

We propose a generative agent-based model of the emergence and escalation of xenophobic anxiety in which individuals from two different religious groups encounter various hazards within an artificial society. The architecture of the model is informed by several empirically validated theories about the role of religion in intergroup conflict. Our results identify some of the conditions and mechanisms that engender the intensification of anxiety within and between religious groups. We define mutually escalating xenophobic anxiety as the increase of the average level of anxiety of the agents in both groups overtime. Trace validation techniques show that the most common conditions …

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Holistic Health And Hawaii's Renewable Energy Future, Richard M. Esterle Jan 2018

Holistic Health And Hawaii's Renewable Energy Future, Richard M. Esterle

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Collective efficacy, time urgency, and health literacy have been a focus of research since the 1970s. Researchers have demonstrated that these factors influence health and decision making. However, researchers have yet to establish how these factors may be connected to the achievement of policy aims that impact holistic or environmental health. This study utilized the health belief model, social cognitive theory, time urgency theory, health education and promotion theory, Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, and the Meikirch model. The purpose of this quantitative study was to determine if the factors of collective efficacy, perceived time urgency, perceived health literacy, ethnicity, age, …

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