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Articles 1 - 25 of 25
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Democracy And Organized Crime: The Case Of Brazil, Abigail Tank
Democracy And Organized Crime: The Case Of Brazil, Abigail Tank
Student Research Submissions
Local-level democracy is crucial to the strength of a country’s democracy. In Brazil, informal housing settlements known as favelas have started to outpace the growth of the cities in which they exist, yet favelas often lack equal access to democratic institutions that ensure citizens’ rights. Organized crime groups have emerged in these settlements that threaten the strength and stability of local-level democracy. This yields the question, “How does organized crime impact democracy in Brazil?” Through case studies of Rio de Janeiro and Belo Horizonte, this thesis explores whether criminal organizations influence political participation in Brazilian favelas. The case studies are …
Nicolás Maduro’S Impunity Is A Foregone Conclusion: A Case For Replacing The Treaty-Based Rule Of Law Model With Universal Jurisdiction, Alec Waid
University of Miami Inter-American Law Review
No abstract provided.
Organized Crime And Development In Low And Middle-Income Countries, Katie Kelshaw
Organized Crime And Development In Low And Middle-Income Countries, Katie Kelshaw
Boise State University Theses and Dissertations
The presence of organized crime is common across all income levels, but the effects of organized crime differ between low-income and middle-income countries. Institutionally, socially, and economically, criminal organizations make contributions which affect the states they are in. This paper theorizes that the contributions made by organized crime help development in low-income countries, then later harms development in middle-income countries. Empirical tests find that the direct effects of organized crime are not significant in low and middle-income countries. The indirect effects of organized crime – corruption in the public sector — have a negative effect on development.
¿Marero O Terrorista? Examining The Supreme Court Of El Salvador's Designation Of Gang Members As Terrorists, Karla Martinez
¿Marero O Terrorista? Examining The Supreme Court Of El Salvador's Designation Of Gang Members As Terrorists, Karla Martinez
Georgia Journal of International & Comparative Law
No abstract provided.
The Intersection Between Illegal Fishing, Crimes At Sea, And Social Well-Being, Mary Mackay, Britta Denise Hardesty, Chris Wilcox
The Intersection Between Illegal Fishing, Crimes At Sea, And Social Well-Being, Mary Mackay, Britta Denise Hardesty, Chris Wilcox
Security Research Hub Reports
Illegal, unregulated, and unreported (IUU) fishing is a major contributor to global overfishing, threatening food security, maritime livelihoods, and fisheries sustainability. An emerging narrative in the literature posits that IUU fishing is associated with additional organized criminal activities, such as drug trafficking, human trafficking, slavery, and arms smuggling. This literature review resolves the contradiction between the common narrative that fisheries and other crimes are linked by presenting three distinct business models for maritime criminal activities.
Contested Borders: Organized Crime, Governance, And Bordering Practives In Colombia-Venezuela Borderlands, Viviana Garcia Pinzon, Jorge Mantilla
Contested Borders: Organized Crime, Governance, And Bordering Practives In Colombia-Venezuela Borderlands, Viviana Garcia Pinzon, Jorge Mantilla
Security Research Hub Reports
"Based on the conceptualizations of organized crime as both an enterprise and a form of governance, borderland as a spatial category, and borders as institutions, this paper looks at the politics of bordering practices by organized crime in the ColombianVenezuelan borderlands. It posits that contrary to the common assumptions about transnational organized crime, criminal organizations not only blur or erode the border but rather enforce it to their own benefit. In doing so, these groups set norms to regulate socio-spatial practices, informal and illegal economies, and migration flows, creating overlapping social orders and, lastly, (re)shaping the borderland. Theoretically, the analysis …
Venezuela’S Toxic Relations With Iran And Hezbollah: An Avenue Of Violence, Crime, Corruption And Terrorism, Christian Vianna De Azevedo
Venezuela’S Toxic Relations With Iran And Hezbollah: An Avenue Of Violence, Crime, Corruption And Terrorism, Christian Vianna De Azevedo
Security Research Hub Reports
Venezuela’s relations with Iran date back into the sixties when both were founding members of the OPEC. Iran’s influence in Latin America has become quite large since the Iranian revolution. Iran sees Latin America as a strategic priority for its global positioning. The Lebanese immigration towards South America has begun a while ago. But there’s a period, during the Lebanese civil war (1975-1990) when a large number of Lebanese immigrants came to the continent. Back then, according to some experts, Hezbollah and Iran took advantage of this mass migration and infiltrated their agents and recruiters among the Muslim migrants. Hezbollah …
Drug Violence And Public (In)Security: Mexico's Federal Police And Human Rights Abuse, Dominic Pera
Drug Violence And Public (In)Security: Mexico's Federal Police And Human Rights Abuse, Dominic Pera
Undergraduate Honors Theses
Violence in Mexico, with dramatic political, social, and economic consequences on both Mexican and US populations, has risen dramatically in the past decade. Research has shown that the Mexican military is largely responsible for human rights abuses in Mexico. This paper will seek to answer why there are so many human rights abuses committed by the Federal Police, as public security is a police role and its deterioration threatens lives, security, and the rule of law. This paper will look at what scholars have said about the causes of police violence and public insecurity. Some say that history is responsible, …
U.S. - Asean Organized Crime Cooperation As Part Of Washington's Rebalancing Policy Toward The Asia-Pacific, Tuan Anh Luc
U.S. - Asean Organized Crime Cooperation As Part Of Washington's Rebalancing Policy Toward The Asia-Pacific, Tuan Anh Luc
Graduate Program in International Studies Theses & Dissertations
This research addresses the reasons why the United States of America (U.S.) has been involving in the effort of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) to combat transnational organized crime. The author argues that Washington has been doing so because: first, it wants to prevent and suppress negative influences of Southeast Asian organized crime and protect national interests; second, it wants to increase regional capabilities, sometimes at the Association's request, and narrow differences so as to effectively deal with transnational organized crime; and third, it wants to justify its presence in the region and pave the way …
The Aftermath Of Mexico's Fuel-Theft Epidemic: Examining The Texas Black Market And The Conspiracy To Trade In Stolen Condensate., Luke B. Reinhart
The Aftermath Of Mexico's Fuel-Theft Epidemic: Examining The Texas Black Market And The Conspiracy To Trade In Stolen Condensate., Luke B. Reinhart
St. Mary's Law Journal
Organized crime has infiltrated the oil patch, creating a theft network with an annual value of $2–$4 billion. Over the past decade, Mexican drug cartels have plundered mass amounts of natural gas condensate produced by Petróleos Mexicanos (Pemex)—the governing Mexican agency for production and export of hydrocarbons. The Mexican government has not sat by idly. Pemex’s production losses have skyrocketed from $300 million, between 2006 and 2011, to an estimated $585 million in 2013 alone. Considering derivative costs associated with these thefts, Pemex’s annual losses reach into the billions. Diversified and driven by profits derived from the United States black …
Western Balkans, Organized Crime And The Euro Crisis: Myths And Realities On The Road To Accession, Sotiris Serbos Dr.
Western Balkans, Organized Crime And The Euro Crisis: Myths And Realities On The Road To Accession, Sotiris Serbos Dr.
Sotiris Serbos Dr.
By placing Western Balkans in the contemporary European economic context shaped by the ongoing debt crisis, the article discusses current strengths and weaknesses of Western Balkan countries towards EU accession. While the achievement of financial adjustment albeit the continuous presence of economic dualism along with the side effects produced by the global crisis are stressed, the article sheds light on the challenges of organized crime and corruption as a major risk factor and a barrier in the event that Europe abandons the completion of Balkan enlargement. With the Europeans unwilling turning the Balkan question into a hard European one the …
President-Elect Enrique Peña Nieto Tours Six Latin American Countries To Discuss Cooperation, Offers Insights On Domestic Plans In Key Areas, Carlos Navarro
President-Elect Enrique Peña Nieto Tours Six Latin American Countries To Discuss Cooperation, Offers Insights On Domestic Plans In Key Areas, Carlos Navarro
NotiEn: An Analytical Digest About Energy Issues in Latin America
This article discusses the significance of 2012 president-elect Enrique Peña Nieto's tour of Latin American countries in September 2012. In Brazil, Peña Nieto met with President Dilma Rousseff to strengthen cooperative and collaborative relations regarding their oil industries. Petrobras represents a potential model that Mexico's state-owned oil company PEMEX could follow in its efforts to modernize its practices and increase productivity.
Report Says Zetas Are Now Dominant Drug Cartel In Mexico, Carlos Navarro
Report Says Zetas Are Now Dominant Drug Cartel In Mexico, Carlos Navarro
SourceMex
No abstract provided.
Drug Trafficker Sandra ÃVila Beltrã¡N Avoids Extradition; Growing Number Of Women Involved In Organized Crime, Carlos Navarro
Drug Trafficker Sandra ÃVila Beltrã¡N Avoids Extradition; Growing Number Of Women Involved In Organized Crime, Carlos Navarro
SourceMex
No abstract provided.
From “Iron Fist” Policies To Comprehensive Social Intervention, Claudia Heiss
From “Iron Fist” Policies To Comprehensive Social Intervention, Claudia Heiss
Human Rights & Human Welfare
The latest effort by Brazilian authorities to control crime in Rio's favelas confronts us with several complex questions regarding democracy, the rule of law, and civil-military relations, not only in this case, but throughout Latin America. What conclusions can we derive from the military and police interventions in Rio about the state of affairs of these third-wave democracies?
Questions Surround U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration’S Undercover Money-Laundering Operations In Mexico, Carlos Navarro
Questions Surround U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration’S Undercover Money-Laundering Operations In Mexico, Carlos Navarro
SourceMex
No abstract provided.
Citizen Coalition To Bring President Felipe Calderã³N’S Failed War Against Drug Traffickers To International Criminal Court, Carlos Navarro
Citizen Coalition To Bring President Felipe Calderã³N’S Failed War Against Drug Traffickers To International Criminal Court, Carlos Navarro
SourceMex
No abstract provided.
New Revelations Raise Questions About Role Of President Barack Obama’S Administration In Operation Fast And Furiousâ, Carlos Navarro
New Revelations Raise Questions About Role Of President Barack Obama’S Administration In Operation Fast And Furiousâ, Carlos Navarro
SourceMex
No abstract provided.
Drug Violence, Extortions Affect Some School Districts In Mexico, Carlos Navarro
Drug Violence, Extortions Affect Some School Districts In Mexico, Carlos Navarro
SourceMex
No abstract provided.
Funding Terrorism: A Closer Look At Organized Crime Activity And Lethality, James Levy
Funding Terrorism: A Closer Look At Organized Crime Activity And Lethality, James Levy
Political Science
No abstract provided.
Beyond The Shackles And Chains Of The Middle Passage: Human Trafficking Unveiled., Enrique A. Maciel-Matos
Beyond The Shackles And Chains Of The Middle Passage: Human Trafficking Unveiled., Enrique A. Maciel-Matos
The Scholar: St. Mary's Law Review on Race and Social Justice
For the Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA) to truly meet its twin aims of the prosecution of traffickers and the protection of victims, it must be reformed. The current overemphasis on the prosecution of traffickers renders the TVPA an ineffective tool for providing aid to victims of human trafficking. Trusting law enforcement officers to identify victims without proper training may lead to victims of more severe trafficking being denied benefits. Further, by providing benefits only to those who agree to cooperate with law enforcement, the TVPA denies assistance and protection to those who may be too scared or traumatized to …
Towards A New Transitional Justice Model: Assessing The Serbian Case, Roozbeh (Rudy) B. Baker
Towards A New Transitional Justice Model: Assessing The Serbian Case, Roozbeh (Rudy) B. Baker
San Diego International Law Journal
This Article will survey the key episodes of transitional justice in various countries since the 1970s, and then apply the lessons gleaned to the transition of Serbia during the first five years following the deposition of authoritarian ruler Slobodan Milosevic in October 200, and the subsequent establishment of democratic rule...This article will show that the empirical evidence demonstrates that the outcome of the transitional justice process a country undertakes, upon its political stability, needs to be taken into account when fashioning said process.
Towards A New Transitional Justice Model: Assessing The Serbian Case, Roozbeh (Rudy) B. Baker
Towards A New Transitional Justice Model: Assessing The Serbian Case, Roozbeh (Rudy) B. Baker
Roozbeh (Rudy) B. Baker
Given the “third wave” of democratic development and entrenchment that has taken hold around the world within the past three decades, the topic of how these transitioning societies cope with the legacy of atrocity and criminality that often accompany authoritarian rule has taken on a fresh salience. The structural, ethical, legal, and political problems faced during such transitions have become the topic of a burgeoning “transitional justice” sub-field within the fields of Law and Political Science. This Article will survey key episodes of transitional justice in various countries since the 1970s, and then apply the lessons gleaned to the transition …
The Black Market For Wildlife: Combating Transnational Organized Crime In The Illegal Wildlife Trade, Mara E. Zimmerman
The Black Market For Wildlife: Combating Transnational Organized Crime In The Illegal Wildlife Trade, Mara E. Zimmerman
Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law
Trade in endangered wildlife has been a concern in the global community since the dawn of international environmental law. The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), one of the most successful international environmental treaties established, addresses the issue through regulation of international trade in certain wildlife species. However, the effectiveness of the treaty has been greatly undermined through illegal wildlife trading. Recently, the illegal wildlife trade has attracted the attention of organized criminal groups, whose participation in the trade have helped make the black market for wildlife the second largest in the world. …
Transnational Political Criminal Nexus Of Trafficking In Women In Ukraine, Donna M. Hughes Dr., Tatyana A. Denisova
Transnational Political Criminal Nexus Of Trafficking In Women In Ukraine, Donna M. Hughes Dr., Tatyana A. Denisova
Donna M. Hughes
Throughout the 1990s, tens of thousands of Ukrainian women were trafficked into prostitution. This phenomenon was researched by collecting data through interviews and surveys in Ukraine, media reports, governmental and non-governmental (NGO) reports on trafficking, and participant observation in conferences. Trafficking occurs because of a transnational political criminal nexus, which is comprised of individual criminals, organized crime groups, corrupt police and governmental officials, foreign governments, and NGOs. Traffickers’ methods of operation are flexible and adapted to ease of recruiting victims, cooperation of corrupt officials, risk of being detected, and profit. In destination countries, victims are controlled by confiscation of travel …