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Size-Fractionated 234th In Continental Shelf Waters Off New England: Implications For The Role Of Colloids In Oceanic Trace Metal Scavenging, S. Bradley Moran, Ken O. Buesseler Jan 1993

Size-Fractionated 234th In Continental Shelf Waters Off New England: Implications For The Role Of Colloids In Oceanic Trace Metal Scavenging, S. Bradley Moran, Ken O. Buesseler

Journal of Marine Research

Measurements of 234Th (t1/2 = 24.1 days) in dissolved, colloidal, and particulate forms have been made to investigate the role of colloids in reactive metal scavenging in the surface waters of Buzzards Bay, over an annual cycle, and in the shelf and slope waters off New England. At-sea sampling involved prefiltering seawater through 0.2 μm filters followed by cross-flow filtration using a 10,000 nominal molecular weight filter to collect colloidal (10,000 NMW-0.2 μm) and dissolved (<10,000 NMW) phases. Total 234Th activities increase with distance from shore, indicative of enhanced scavenging in the particle-rich nearshore waters. Clearly seen in Buzzards …

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Detrital Spectral Absorption: Laboratory Studies Of Visible Light Effects On Phytodetritus Absorption, Bacterial Spectral Signal, And Comparison To Field Measurements, James R. Nelson, Charles Y. Robertson Jan 1993

Detrital Spectral Absorption: Laboratory Studies Of Visible Light Effects On Phytodetritus Absorption, Bacterial Spectral Signal, And Comparison To Field Measurements, James R. Nelson, Charles Y. Robertson

Journal of Marine Research

Visible light-dependent changes in the visible and near-ultraviolet spectral absorption (250–750 nm) of phytodetritus (killed and disrupted phytoplankton and copepod fecal pellets) were determined in laboratory experiments, as were spectral changes due to the growth of bacteria. Bacteria carbon and nitrogen content were estimated. Results of the laboratory studies are compared to field measurements of particulate spectral absorption in waters from the South Atlantic Bight off the southeastern U.S. The correction for “pathlength amplification” of filtered particulate samples (β) is also examined. Light-dependent changes in the spectral absorption of phytodetritus are principally due to the bleaching of chlorophylls, pheopigments, and …

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Enhanced Deposition To Pits: A Local Food Source For Benthos, Patricia L. Yager, Arthur R. M. Nowell, Peter A. Jumars Jan 1993

Enhanced Deposition To Pits: A Local Food Source For Benthos, Patricia L. Yager, Arthur R. M. Nowell, Peter A. Jumars

Journal of Marine Research

Particle deposition experiments using mimics of biogenous negative relief (“pits”) and low-excess-density particles in a small annular flume indicate a significantly enhanced deposition rate (number of particles per time) compared to smooth, flat patches of the same diameter. This study included flow visualizations as well as observations of particle residence times, particle concentrations in the pits, and particle fluxes to the pits from the main flow. Experimental conditions of particle concentration, shear velocity, and particle settling velocity mimicked the dynamic characteristics (low excess density and large size) of organic-rich flocs and flow conditions in the subtidal and deep sea where …

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The Stability Of An Axially Symmetric Warm-Core Model Eddy On A Stratified Ocean, John Kroll Jan 1993

The Stability Of An Axially Symmetric Warm-Core Model Eddy On A Stratified Ocean, John Kroll

Journal of Marine Research

The linear stability of an axially symmetric model of a warm-core eddy over a stratified ocean of infinite depth is investigated using asymptotic techniques for large wavenumber and small Burger number. The development is similar to previous work on the stability of a geostrophic front (Kroll, 1992) and the results found there can be modified and applied to most oceanic eddies. The most important result is that instability occurs in a region confined at the edge of the eddy with maximum width of a fraction of the radius given approximately by the Rossby number for realistic eddies. We expect the …

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Release Rates Of Trace Elements And Protein From Decomposing Planktonic Debris. 2. Copepod Carcasses And Sediment Trap Particulate Matter, John R. Reinfelder, Nicholas S. Fisher, Scott W. Fowler, Jean-Louis Teyssié Jan 1993

Release Rates Of Trace Elements And Protein From Decomposing Planktonic Debris. 2. Copepod Carcasses And Sediment Trap Particulate Matter, John R. Reinfelder, Nicholas S. Fisher, Scott W. Fowler, Jean-Louis Teyssié

Journal of Marine Research

In experiments designed to relate the release kinetics of various elements with that of protein from biogenic particles, 110mAg, 241Am, 109Cd, 60Co, 75Se and protein were measured over time in radiolabeled copepod carcasses and particles caught in unpoisoned sediment traps (mostly zooplankton fecal pellets and amorphous marine snow). Log-linear release rate constants (k) of 110mAg, 241Am, 109Cd, and 60Co from carcasses ranged from 0.079 d−1 for 60Co at 2°C to 0.130 d−1 for 109Cd at 15°C, and did not vary significantly with temperature. 75Se …

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Model Of Frontogenesis: Subduction And Upwelling, Dong-Ping Wang Jan 1993

Model Of Frontogenesis: Subduction And Upwelling, Dong-Ping Wang

Journal of Marine Research

A high-resolution, three-dimensional, primitive-equation model is used to study frontogenesis. The initial state includes a surface front and geostrophic jet. A small initial disturbance grows rapidly into a steepened backward-breaking wave, characterized by narrow wave trough and broad wave crest. Analysis of the energetics indicates that the unstable waves are generated by baroclinic instability. The wavelength scales as the baroclinic deformation radius, but the growth rate appears to be much faster than found in previous primitive-equation model studies. The predicted downward velocity also is an order of magnitude greater than found in previous model studies. As the amplitude of unstable …

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Biological Effects Of Gulf Stream Meandering, Glenn R. Flierl, Cabell S. Davis Jan 1993

Biological Effects Of Gulf Stream Meandering, Glenn R. Flierl, Cabell S. Davis

Journal of Marine Research

A modeling study was conducted to examine the effects of time-dependent mesoscale meandering of a jet on nutrient—phytoplankton—zooplankton (NPZ) dynamics. The jet was represented as a quasi-geostrophic flow using the method of contour dynamics. Two cases for biology were examined: 1) plankton in a mixed layer of fixed depth and 2) plankton at the base of a mixed layer (i.e., pycnocline) of variable depth. When the mixed layer depth is fixed, nutrient upwelling and dilution of the phytoplankton and zooplankton populations occur along the northward branch of the meander. The additional nutrients and reduced grazing pressure leads to significant enhancement …

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Seasonal Contrasts In The Diel Vertical Distribution, Feeding Behavior, And Grazing Impact Of The Copepod Temora Longicornis In Long Island Sound, Hans G. Dam, William T. Peterson Jan 1993

Seasonal Contrasts In The Diel Vertical Distribution, Feeding Behavior, And Grazing Impact Of The Copepod Temora Longicornis In Long Island Sound, Hans G. Dam, William T. Peterson

Journal of Marine Research

We studied diel variability in vertical distribution, feeding behavior and grazing impact of female Temora longicornis in Long Island Sound on seven cruises from March to July. T. longicornis usually performed diel vertical migration characterized by deep residence during the day and ascent to near-surface waters at night for variable periods. The pattern of diel migration was independent of either the vertical distribution or relative abundance of chlorophyll in the water column. There was no clear evidence linking the amplitude of vertical migration to food concentration. Rather, the amplitude of migration decreased toward the end of the season probably due …

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Cell Merging And The Jet/Downwelling Ratio In Langmuir Circulation, Ming Li, Chris Garrett Jan 1993

Cell Merging And The Jet/Downwelling Ratio In Langmuir Circulation, Ming Li, Chris Garrett

Journal of Marine Research

The Craik-Leibovich equations for Langmuir circulation have been integrated numerically to investigate the cell merging process as well as the strength and structure of the cells. We find that pairs of counterrotating vortices cancel each other, leading to a growth in scale of the dominant vortices. However, when there is no external forcing, vortices of opposite sign do not merge irrespective of the vortex size and circulation strength. The merging of Langmuir cells, or rather the cancellation of counterrotating vortices, is thus different from the amalgamation of like-signed vortices in two-dimensional turbulence. The forcing due to the Stokes drift plays …

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Coupled Effects Of Vertical Mixing And Benthic Grazing On Phytoplankton Populations In Shallow, Turbid Estuaries, Jeffrey R. Koseff, Jacqueline K. Holen, Stephen G. Monismith, James E. Cloern Jan 1993

Coupled Effects Of Vertical Mixing And Benthic Grazing On Phytoplankton Populations In Shallow, Turbid Estuaries, Jeffrey R. Koseff, Jacqueline K. Holen, Stephen G. Monismith, James E. Cloern

Journal of Marine Research

Coastal ocean waters tend to have very different patterns of phytoplankton biomass variability from the open ocean, and the connections between physical variability and phytoplankton bloom dynamics are less well established for these shallow systems. Predictions of biological responses to physical variability in these environments is inherently difficult because the recurrent seasonal patterns of mixing are complicated by aperiodic fluctuations in river discharge and the high-frequency components of tidal variability. We might expect, then, less predictable and more complex bloom dynamics in these shallow coastal systems compared with the open ocean. Given this complex and dynamic physical environment, can we …

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Displacement Of Water Masses And Remineralization Rates Off The Iberian Peninsula By Nutrient Anomalies, Fiz F. Perez, C. Mouriño, F. Fraga, Aida F. Rios Jan 1993

Displacement Of Water Masses And Remineralization Rates Off The Iberian Peninsula By Nutrient Anomalies, Fiz F. Perez, C. Mouriño, F. Fraga, Aida F. Rios

Journal of Marine Research

Temperature, salinity, oxygen, nutrients and CO2 data obtained in the areas west and north of the Iberian Peninsula have been analyzed. We assume that the composite parameters such as Broecker's “NO” and “PO” and our own “CAO” and “SiO” are conservative for our water mass analysis. We demonstrate that the observations can be well represented by mixing between five end-members and estimate the relative proportions of these end-members in waters between 40N and 47N. Furthermore, based upon the differences between the observed and computed concentrations of oxygen and nutrients, the approximate rates of oxygen utilization and nutrient production in …

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Phytoplankton Bloom And The Vertical Thermal Structure Of The Upper Ocean, Malgorzata Stramska, Tommy D. Dickey Jan 1993

Phytoplankton Bloom And The Vertical Thermal Structure Of The Upper Ocean, Malgorzata Stramska, Tommy D. Dickey

Journal of Marine Research

Local heating rate within the oceanic mixed layer (ML) depends not only on the amount of solar radiation incident on the sea surface, but also on the vertical distribution of the irradiance in the water column. We have evaluated the effect of a phytoplankton bloom on mixed layer depth and temperature at a high latitude site near Iceland. The level 2½ version of the Mellor-Yamada (1982) turbulence scheme has been modified to include the vertical distribution of irradiance. This has allowed the investigation of the ML temperature and stability structure resulting from both physical and biological effects. An important part …

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G93-1191 Glossary Of Water-Related Terms, William L. Kranz, Delynn Hay, James W. Goeke, David Gosselin Jan 1993

G93-1191 Glossary Of Water-Related Terms, William L. Kranz, Delynn Hay, James W. Goeke, David Gosselin

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide is a glossary of water quantity, quality and human health related terms involving water. Terms are defined in contexts that could affect Nebraskans. We depend upon water for our very existence. The impact of water quality and quantity issues has never been greater. Yet the terminology used to describe the water we drink, the water we provide to plants and animals, the water stored underground, in lakes, rivers, and oceans, is not well understood by many Nebraskans. This listing of water-related terms is intended to reduce the potential for misunderstanding presentations made by elected officials, environmental agencies and …

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Low-Density Particles As Potential Nitrogenous Foods For Benthos, Lawrence M. Mayer, Peter A. Jumars, Gary L. Taghon, Stephen A. Macko, Susan Trumbore Jan 1993

Low-Density Particles As Potential Nitrogenous Foods For Benthos, Lawrence M. Mayer, Peter A. Jumars, Gary L. Taghon, Stephen A. Macko, Susan Trumbore

Journal of Marine Research

The demonstrated bias of both macrobenthos and fluids to mobilize low-density particles leads to their potential importance as nutritional materials in benthic systems. We fractionated sediments from three coastal regions into low- and high-density separates, and examined both their organic geochemical characteristics and effects on ingestion rates of a deposit feeder. The low-density separates were highly enriched in total organic matter relative to the high-density phases. Enzymatically hydrolyzable protein concentrations in low-density separates were as much as 57-fold higher than the corresponding high-density separates, though some samples from Puget Sound and the Mediterranean Sea showed no enrichment at all. Low-density …

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The Recent Return Of The Alaskan Stream To Near Strait, R. K. Reed, P. J. Stabeno Jan 1993

The Recent Return Of The Alaskan Stream To Near Strait, R. K. Reed, P. J. Stabeno

Journal of Marine Research

A hydrocast survey was conducted near the western Aleutian Islands and in the Bering Sea in September 1992. Presence of the Alaskan Stream was indicated by temperatures > 4°C to depths in excess of 200 m. Geopotential topography showed the Alaskan Stream flowing through Near Strait into the Bering Sea, with branches also flowing northward through Amchitka and Buldir passes. Satellite-tracked drifter paths were in general agreement with these features. Transport through Near Strait was ≈5 × 106 m3 s−1. Previous research indicated that the Stream had been absent from the Strait for more than a year. …

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Steady Wind Forcing Of A Density Front Over A Circular Bank, Glen Gawarkiewicz Jan 1993

Steady Wind Forcing Of A Density Front Over A Circular Bank, Glen Gawarkiewicz

Journal of Marine Research

The response of a density front along the edge of a circular bank to steady wind forcing is examined using a primitive equation numerical model. Initially, the fluid is at rest with relatively light, vertically homogeneous water over the bank. The density field is allowed to adjust geostrophically and frictionally for ten days, after which a spatially uniform wind stress is applied for three days. The resulting surface velocity field over the bank is asymmetrical, with a relative maximum on the downwind side of the bank to the left of the wind direction and a relative minimum on the upwind …

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The Nonlinear Response Of An Equatorial Ocean To Oscillatory Forcing, Luanne Thompson, Mitsuhiro Kawase Jan 1993

The Nonlinear Response Of An Equatorial Ocean To Oscillatory Forcing, Luanne Thompson, Mitsuhiro Kawase

Journal of Marine Research

The effect of upper ocean variability on deep equatorial flow is simulated by prescribing a forcing wave field near the eastern boundary in a one and a half layer shallow water model. Equatorially trapped long Rossby waves are generated by the forcing, have approximately linear dynamics, and propagate westward. Near the western boundary the dynamics are nonlinear, and there is a large mean flow. With forcing symmetric about the equator, the nonlinear response has two distinct phases. When the interior flow in the vicinity of the equator is westward near the western boundary, a poleward flowing western boundary current forms. …

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Buoyancy And Wind Forcing Of A Coastal Current, Andreas Münchow, Richard W. Garvine Jan 1993

Buoyancy And Wind Forcing Of A Coastal Current, Andreas Münchow, Richard W. Garvine

Journal of Marine Research

Local winds and lateral buoyancy fluxes from estuaries constitute two major forcing mechanisms on the inner continental shelf of the Mid Atlantic Bight on the eastern seaboard of the U.S.A. We report observations of the resulting coastal current that suggest a linear superposition of the wind and buoyancy forced motions. This current, which we term the Delaware Coastal Current, has a mean flow of about 10 cm/s in the direction of Kelvin wave phase propagation. It opposes the generally upwelling favorable local winds there. The same winds, however, force important across-shelf flows that agree qualitatively with Ekman dynamics with Ekman …

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Henry Melson Stommel: 27 September, 1920 - 17 January, 1992, George Veronis Jan 1992

Henry Melson Stommel: 27 September, 1920 - 17 January, 1992, George Veronis

Journal of Marine Research

Henry Stommel's heart stopped beating shortly after midnight on Friday, January 17, 1992, four days after he had undergone surgery for liver cancer at Deaconness Hospital in Brookline, Mass. His death brought to an end the career of a man who, for 45 years, was the most significant scientific contributor to the development of oceanography and who brought a rare degree of harmony and collegiality to the field.

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Integral Equation Approach To Tropical Ocean Dynamics: Part I-Theory And Computational Methods, Marcio L. Vianna, Paulo R. Holvorcem Jan 1992

Integral Equation Approach To Tropical Ocean Dynamics: Part I-Theory And Computational Methods, Marcio L. Vianna, Paulo R. Holvorcem

Journal of Marine Research

In linear, three-dimensional, continuously stratified equatorial β-plane ocean models with arbitrary eastern and western boundaries the shallow water equations for each vertical mode must be solved numerically in the horizontal variables. This paper introduces a new numerical method of solution for the time-Fourier transformed shallow water equations with slip boundary conditions at boundaries of arbitrary geometry. The method is based on a boundary integral equation (BIE) for the pressure perturbation response to the specified wind-stress forcing field. All other dependent variables are expressed as boundary functionals of the pressure perturbation. The kernels of all functionals are constructed from the Green's …

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Multi-Year Current Time Series In The Eastern North Atlantic Ocean, Thomas J. Müller, Gerold Siedler Jan 1992

Multi-Year Current Time Series In The Eastern North Atlantic Ocean, Thomas J. Müller, Gerold Siedler

Journal of Marine Research

Time series of currents from an array of 22 subsurface moorings in the Canary and Iberian Basins of the North Atlantic are analyzed with respect to low-frequency variability. The record lengths are usually 1 to 2 years but almost 9 years (site KIEL276, 33N, 22W) in one case. Maximal energies are observed at periods between 50 and 500 days, and high-energy events are found from time to time. The 9-year long series indicates changes in currents with a 3-4 year period, primarily in the zonal component, and anisotropic energy distributions are found for both current components at periods around 200 …

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A Thermocline Model For Ocean-Climate Studies, Sheng Zhang, Charles A. Lin, Richard J. Greatbatch Jan 1992

A Thermocline Model For Ocean-Climate Studies, Sheng Zhang, Charles A. Lin, Richard J. Greatbatch

Journal of Marine Research

A 3-dimensional planetary geostrophic (PG) ocean general circulation model in spherical coordinates is formulated to examine the thermocline structure and thermohaline circulation of an idealized ocean basin. The model equations consist of full prognostic temperature and salinity equations and diagnostic momentum equations. A simple linear friction is used to close the barotropic circulation at the western boundary. An extensive sensitivity study is conducted with different model parameters and processes. The results are also compared with those obtained using the Bryan-Cox primitive equation model. For the steady state case, the PG model can reproduce the primitive equation model results, and displays …

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The Measurement Of Sediment Irrigation Rates: A Comparison Of The Br- Tracer And 222rn/226ra Disequilibrium Techniques, W. R. Martin, G. T. Banta Jan 1992

The Measurement Of Sediment Irrigation Rates: A Comparison Of The Br- Tracer And 222rn/226ra Disequilibrium Techniques, W. R. Martin, G. T. Banta

Journal of Marine Research

We have carried out a series of experiments designed to allow comparison of sediment irrigation rates determined simultaneously using two methods: the measurement of 222Rn/226Ra disequilibrium in pore waters, and the measurement of distributions of a tracer, Br−, which was added to the water overlying sediments at the start of incubation experiments. The experiments were carried out on fine-grained sediments from Buzzards Bay, MA. We made irrigation rate measurements on sediments in their natural state, as well as on sediments that had been treated to alter macrofaunal abundance and diversity. The range of irrigation rates …

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Water Characteristics, Mixing And Circulation In The Bay Of Bengal During Southwest Monsoon, V. S. N. Murty, Y. V. B. Sarma, D. P. Rao, C. S. Murty Jan 1992

Water Characteristics, Mixing And Circulation In The Bay Of Bengal During Southwest Monsoon, V. S. N. Murty, Y. V. B. Sarma, D. P. Rao, C. S. Murty

Journal of Marine Research

Influence of the freshwater influx, the wind forcing and the Indian Ocean monsoon drift current on the property distributions and the circulation in the Bay of Bengal during southwest monsoon has been quantified. At the head of the Bay, waters of low salinity, affected by the freshwater influx, occupy the upper 90 m water column. The isohaline 34.0 × 10−3 separating these waters from those of underlying saline waters shoals southward gradually and outcrops around 14N, 10N and 6N in the western, central and southeastern regions of the Bay respectively. The wind-stress-curl-induced upwelling effect is confined to depth limits …

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Benthic Community Metabolism And The Role Of Deposit-Feeding Callianassid Shrimp, Richard C. Murphy, James N. Kremer Jan 1992

Benthic Community Metabolism And The Role Of Deposit-Feeding Callianassid Shrimp, Richard C. Murphy, James N. Kremer

Journal of Marine Research

In temperate and tropical seas, bioturbation resulting from the burrowing and feeding activities of deposit-feeding callianassid shrimp can have an important impact on the ecosystem. In Gorda Sound, British Virgin Islands, 97 μmol NH4 ˙ m−2 ˙ d−1 and 0.2 μmol PO4 ˙ m−2 ˙ d−1 were released to the water column from burrows of callianassid shrimps (Callianassa rathbunae and Calliax Jonesi). Benthic gross primary production was 288 mg C ˙ m−2 ˙ d−1 and the ratio of gross production to total community 24-hr. respiration was 0.86. The flux of …

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Surface-Intensified Rossby Waves Over Rough Topography, R. M. Samelson Jan 1992

Surface-Intensified Rossby Waves Over Rough Topography, R. M. Samelson

Journal of Marine Research

Observations and numerical experiments that suggest that sea-floor roughness can enhance the ratio of thermocline to abyssal eddy kinetic energy, motivate the study of linear free wave modes in a two layer quasi-geostrophic model for several eases of idealized variable bottom topography. The foeus is on topography with horizontal seale comparable to that of the waves, that is, on "rough" small-amplitude topography. Surface-intensified modes are found to exist at frequencies greater than the flat-bottom baroclinic cut-off frequency. These modes exist for topography that varies in both one and two horizontal dimensions. An approximate bound indicates that the maximum frequency of …

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A Two-Layer Gulf Stream Over A Continental Slope, Rick Salmon Jan 1992

A Two-Layer Gulf Stream Over A Continental Slope, Rick Salmon

Journal of Marine Research

We consider the two-layer form of the planetary geostrophic equations, in which a simple Rayleigh friction replaces the inertia, on a western continental slope. In the frictionless limit, these equations can be written as characteristic equations in which the potential vorticities of the top and bottom layers play the role of Riemann invariants. The general solution is of two types. In the first type, the characteristics can cross, and friction is required to resolve the resulting shocks. In the second type, one of the two Riemann invariants is uniform, the remaining characteristic is a line of constant f/H, and …

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Models Of Abyssal Flow In Basins Separated By Amid-Ocean Ridge, Scott A. Condie, Mitsuhiro Kawase Jan 1992

Models Of Abyssal Flow In Basins Separated By Amid-Ocean Ridge, Scott A. Condie, Mitsuhiro Kawase

Journal of Marine Research

Numerical and laboratory models have been used to study source-driven flows in a system consisting of two basins (with sloping sidewalls) separated by a mid-ocean ridge. Numerical spin-up occurs via topographically modified Kelvin waves which propagate away from the source region around the outer perimeter of the model ocean. Energy is then carried along the ridge by topographic waves and westward by planetary waves. The resulting flow eventually concentrates in strong cyclonic circulation patterns, defined by regions of closed geostrophic contours in the lower latitude portion of each basin. When the deep water source is located at the latitude of …

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Circulation And Water Mass Balance In The Brazil Basin, Huai-Min Zhang, Nelson G. Hogg Jan 1992

Circulation And Water Mass Balance In The Brazil Basin, Huai-Min Zhang, Nelson G. Hogg

Journal of Marine Research

Analysis of data from the Levitus (1982) atlas shows that the application of the Montgomery streamfunction to the potential density surfaces induces an error which cannot be ignored in some regions in the ocean. The error arises from the variation of the specific volume anomaly along isopycnal surfaces. By including the major part of this effect, new streamfunctions, named the "pressure anomaly" and "mean pressure" streamfunctions, are suggested for use in potential density coordinates. By including the variations of specific volume anomaly and pressure along isopycnal surfaces, the inverse model proposed by Hogg (1987) is modified for increased accuracy and …

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Modelling The Deep-Chlorophyll Maximum: A Coupled Physical-Biological Approach, Ramiro A. Varela, Antonio Cruzado, Joaquín Tintoré, Emilio García Ladona Jan 1992

Modelling The Deep-Chlorophyll Maximum: A Coupled Physical-Biological Approach, Ramiro A. Varela, Antonio Cruzado, Joaquín Tintoré, Emilio García Ladona

Journal of Marine Research

The Deep Chlorophyll Maximum (DCM) is simulated in two oligotrophic regions (SW Sargasso Sea and NW Mediterranean) using a physical/biological model that couples an upper ocean turbulent model to a nutrient/phytoplankton model. The biological model considers two types of primary producers, heterotrophs and atmospheric in addition to internal nitrate inputs. Model results appear to adequately reproduce the DCM structure in those regions. The DCM depth and magnitude is mainly determined by the vertical eddy diffusion and light extinction. The grazing parameters mainly affect the intensity of the DCM. This suggest the DCM is primarily the result of a balance between …

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