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Some Aspects Of The Oxygen-Deficient Conditions And Denitrification In The Arabian Sea, S. W. A. Naqvi Jan 1987

Some Aspects Of The Oxygen-Deficient Conditions And Denitrification In The Arabian Sea, S. W. A. Naqvi

Journal of Marine Research

Utilizing a fairly large amount of recently collected data, some outstanding questions concerning the Arabian Sea denitrification problem are addressed. The true levels of dissolved oxygen, determined colorimetrically, are about an order of magnitude lower than those reported previously from the oxygen minimum zone. Lateral advection of waters from south into the oxygen-deficient layer is suggested by the presence of an intermediate oxygen maximum discernible even at very low oxygen levels. An unusual minimum in nitrate and a corresponding maximum in nitrite are observed occasionally within the depth range 700–1,200 m at several stations, generally located in the northeastern Arabian …

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On The Dynamics Of The California Current System, Julian P. Mccreary Jr., Pijush K. Kundu, Shenn-Yu Chao Jan 1987

On The Dynamics Of The California Current System, Julian P. Mccreary Jr., Pijush K. Kundu, Shenn-Yu Chao

Journal of Marine Research

The dynamics of the California Current system are studied using two ocean models, one with a shelf and one without. Both models are viscid and linearized about a background density field Pb(Z), Solutions are forced by steady and annually periodic winds with and without curl, and by an idealization of the observed wind field off California. Solutions forced by a steady, equatorward, curl-free wind τy all have an equatorward surface coastal jet and a poleward undercurrent. Due to the β-effect and horizontal mixing, the circulation is not necessarily confined within a Rossby radius of …

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On The Energetics Of The Gulf Stream At 73w, T. Rossby Jan 1987

On The Energetics Of The Gulf Stream At 73w, T. Rossby

Journal of Marine Research

From September 1980 through May 1983 a series of nineteen sections of velocity profiles were obtained across the Gulf Stream 200 km northeast of Cape Hatteras. By decomposing the velocity and temperature observations into mean and fluctuating fields in two coordinate systems, geographic (or Eulerian) and 'stream' coordinates, it is shown that at least ⅔ of the eddy kinetic and potential energy is caused by the meandering of a well defined baroclinic front with a structure that is nearly independent of space and time. It is also shown that more than 95% of the kinetic energy of the front can …

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Single-Particle Dispersion, Lagrangian Structure Function And Lagrangian Energy Spectrum In Two-Dimensional Incompressible Turbulence, Armando Babiano, Claude Basdevant, Pascal Le Roy, Robert Sadourny Jan 1987

Single-Particle Dispersion, Lagrangian Structure Function And Lagrangian Energy Spectrum In Two-Dimensional Incompressible Turbulence, Armando Babiano, Claude Basdevant, Pascal Le Roy, Robert Sadourny

Journal of Marine Research

The single-particle dispersion, Lagrangian structure functions and Lagrangian energy spectra characteristic of two-dimensional incompressible turbulent flows are investigated theoretically and numerically. The domain of validity of the classical asymptotic estimates is extended; it is shown in particular that the asymptotic behavior of the single-particle dispersion at small times remains valid throughout the whole self-similar range when the Lagrangian energy spectrum is steeper than ω−1. Straightforward estimates of the Lagrangian integral time scale TL and the diffusion coefficient at large times K, based on energy and enstrophy, are proposed; to some extent, they remain valid locally, which …

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Lagrangian Properties Of Eddy Fields In The Northern North Atlantic As Deduced From Satellite-Tracked Buoys, W. Krauss, C. W. Böning Jan 1987

Lagrangian Properties Of Eddy Fields In The Northern North Atlantic As Deduced From Satellite-Tracked Buoys, W. Krauss, C. W. Böning

Journal of Marine Research

One hundred and thirteen satellite-tracked buoys have been used during their first 5 months after deployment in order to calculate Lagrangian statistics of the eddy field in the northern North Atlantic between Newfoundland and the Canary basin. r.m.s. velocities are isotropic and increase from southeast to northwest. Lagrangian integral time scales, derived both from correlation function and from dispersion, are slightly anisotropic and decrease from the subtropics toward the North Atlantic Current. Time scale is inversely proportional to the r.m.s. velocity of the eddies. Eddy length scale is approximately constant in the North Atlantic. Dispersion is in good agreement with …

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A Least-Squares Fit Of The Advective-Diffusive Equations To Levitus Atlas Data, Nelson G. Hogg Jan 1987

A Least-Squares Fit Of The Advective-Diffusive Equations To Levitus Atlas Data, Nelson G. Hogg

Journal of Marine Research

The distributions of temperature, oxygen and potential vorticity on two isopycnals and the geostrophic shear between them are used to obtain the flow fields and diffusivities through a least-squares inversion of the steady state, advective-diffusive equations. The source of the data is the Levitus Atlas, and the two isopycnals are located in a 24° square centered on the Mediterranean Water tongue in the eastern North Atlantic. One isopycnal is in the thermocline and the other beneath so chosen to be near the level of maximum salinity and temperature anomaly.Although tracer distributions on the two levels are similar, the inversion suggests …

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Seasonal Fluxes Of Silicoflagellates And Actiniscus In The Subarctic Pacific During 1982-1984, Kozo Takahashi Jan 1987

Seasonal Fluxes Of Silicoflagellates And Actiniscus In The Subarctic Pacific During 1982-1984, Kozo Takahashi

Journal of Marine Research

A seasonal flux study of silicoflagellates and Actiniscus was conducted at subarctic Pacific Station PAPA (50N, 145W; water depth 4200 m) during September, 1982 through August, 1984 using PARFLUX high resolution time series sediment traps deployed at 1000 m and 3800 m depths. The time series sediment trap samples were collected for 4 to 16-day periods depending on the samples; most of the samples were collected for 14 to 16-day periods. From a depth of 3800 m, a total of 47 samples represents a nearly two-year continuous record of the fluxes of silicoflagellate and Actiniscus taxa. An additional 12 samples …

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Modeling Eddy Transport Of Passive Tracers, Russ E. Davis Jan 1987

Modeling Eddy Transport Of Passive Tracers, Russ E. Davis

Journal of Marine Research

The mean advective and eddy transport of a passive scalar property is examined. Using a theory based on rational approximation of Lagrangian particle statistics, a transport equation relating the mean eddy flux and the mean concentration field Θ is developed. The transport equation is an elaborated advection-diffusion model in which the mean eddy flux is determined by the recent history of the gradient of Θ. The flux law involves an eddy diffusivity which depends on time lag and is defined in terms of fluid particle trajectories. Particle trajectories in simulated geophysical turbulence are used to test the applicability of the …

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The Importance Of A Plume Of Tidally-Mixed Water To The Biological Oceanography Of The Gulf Of Maine, David W. Townsend, John P. Christensen, David K. Stevenson, Joseph J. Graham, Stanley B. Chenoweth Jan 1987

The Importance Of A Plume Of Tidally-Mixed Water To The Biological Oceanography Of The Gulf Of Maine, David W. Townsend, John P. Christensen, David K. Stevenson, Joseph J. Graham, Stanley B. Chenoweth

Journal of Marine Research

During the warmer months of the year the eastern Gulf of Maine features a plume of cold water which extends from the tidally well-mixed area adjacent to Grand Manan Island at the mouth of the Bay of Fundy southwest along the Maine coast to well beyond Penobscot Bay. Near Grand Manan Island the plume waters are cold (ca. 10°C), nearly vertically isothermal and carry high concentrations of dissolved inorganic nutrients. The analysis of temperature-salinity diagrams and hydrographic vertical section plots indicate that the deeper waters in Jordan Basin, of slope water origin, upwell and contribute a significant fraction of the …

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The Freshwater Pulse—A Numerical Model With Application To The St. Lawrence Estuary, Kim-Tai Tee, Thin-Hock Lim Jan 1987

The Freshwater Pulse—A Numerical Model With Application To The St. Lawrence Estuary, Kim-Tai Tee, Thin-Hock Lim

Journal of Marine Research

The freshwater pulse, characterized by a salinity minimum, has been observed in many coastal areas. A 2-D numerical model was developed to investigate the laterally averaged estuarine circulation, and the freshwater pulse in the St. Lawrence Estuary. The effects on the circulation and salinity of various parameters, including vertical eddy coefficients, river runoff, the bottom friction coefficient and the open boundary condition were studied.The freshwater pulse in the St. Lawrence Estuary was simulated using a seasonal variation of the freshwater runoff. In addition to simulating the downstream propagation and the reduction of the pulse's amplitude toward both the ocean and …

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Zooplankton Grazers As Transformers Of Ocean Optics: A Dynamic Model, Mark E. Huntley, Victor Marin, Florence Escritor Jan 1987

Zooplankton Grazers As Transformers Of Ocean Optics: A Dynamic Model, Mark E. Huntley, Victor Marin, Florence Escritor

Journal of Marine Research

A model was developed, based on data collected in the Southern California Bight region, to assess the effect of zooplankton grazing on the attenuation of light due to suspended particles. Diel vertical distribution and grazing activity of the principal zooplankton grazers in the coastal waters of southern California were studied during mid-March, 1986. Calanus pacificus exhibited vertical migration, but Acartia spp. and Paracalanus spp. did not. All species had a diel feeding rhythm, whether or not they migrated; grazing activity, measured by the gut fluorescence method, increased at night. Model parameters are temperature, particle doubling rate, particle size-frequency distribution, zooplankton …

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Deep Zonal Currents In The Central Equatorial Pacific, Eric Firing Jan 1987

Deep Zonal Currents In The Central Equatorial Pacific, Eric Firing

Journal of Marine Research

A complex system of deep zonal currents in the central equatorial Pacific persisted during 16 months of current measurements spanning the 1982–1983 EI Niño episode. At least three extra equatorialcurrents appear to be permanent: the north and south intermediate countercurrents, with eastward velocity cores at 600 m depth, located 1.5–2.0° from the equator; and the south equatorial intermediate current, with a westward core at 900 m depth three or more degrees south of the equator. On the equator, the deep jets were nearly stationary during the period of these measurements. Comparison with earlier measurements shows that over longer periods the …

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Relative Mobility Of Radioactive Trace Elements Across The Sediment-Water Interface In The Merl Model Ecosystems Of Narragansett Bay, Peter H. Santschi, Michael Amdurer, Dennis Adler, Patricia O'Hara, Yuan-Hui Li, Peter Doering Jan 1987

Relative Mobility Of Radioactive Trace Elements Across The Sediment-Water Interface In The Merl Model Ecosystems Of Narragansett Bay, Peter H. Santschi, Michael Amdurer, Dennis Adler, Patricia O'Hara, Yuan-Hui Li, Peter Doering

Journal of Marine Research

The "mobilities" of radioactive trace elements across the water sediment boundary of a coastal marine ecosystem were investigated. The studies carried out included chemical speciation experiments ofthe solution and solid phases, as well as verification experiments in controlled model ecosystems ("MERL" tanks). The latter included backdiffusion experiments under oxic and anoxic conditions and experiments with artificially increased sediment resuspension rates. These studies have produced seven general conclusions: (1) The backdiffusion of Cs, Mn, Co, and Zn radiotracers across the sediment-water interface into oxic waters and of Mn and Co radiotracers into anoxic waters was predicted from laboratory experiments. (2) The …

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Bomb Radiocarbon In The Pacific: Annual And Seasonal Timescale Variations, Ellen R. M. Druffel Jan 1987

Bomb Radiocarbon In The Pacific: Annual And Seasonal Timescale Variations, Ellen R. M. Druffel

Journal of Marine Research

Banded corals are used as proxy recorders of bomb radiocarbon in the surface of the Pacific Ocean. Bomb radiocarbon levels appeared to still be rising in the tropical Pacific by 1982, in contrast to temperate locations that peaked in the early 1970's. This is representative of the geostrophic transport of bomb-laden waters from higher latitudes toward the equator. The seasonal radiocarbon signal at Canton Island (3S, 172W) during the early 1970's was twice the amplitude of that at Fanning Island (4N, 159W), and the radiocarbon minima at these locations were offset by several months. The phase lag is caused primarily …

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Bottom Waters Of The Gulf Of Maine, 1978-1983, David G. Mountain, Paul F. Jessen Jan 1987

Bottom Waters Of The Gulf Of Maine, 1978-1983, David G. Mountain, Paul F. Jessen

Journal of Marine Research

The properties of the bottom waters (>100 m) of the Gulf of Maine are described using hydrographic data from 26 surveys between May 1978 and December 1983. The average temperature and salinity of the bottom water are presented from the different surveys for four regions of the Gulf—Wilkinson, Jordan, and Georges Basins and the Northeast Channel. The spatial variability across the Gulf was larger than the temporal variability in any region. The bottom water originates from Slope Water that enters the Gulf through the Northeast Channel. It is modified within the Gulf by vertical mixing with the near-surface waters …

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Observations Of Fronts In The North Sea, H. M. Van Aken, G. J. F. Van Heijst, L. R. M. Maas Jan 1987

Observations Of Fronts In The North Sea, H. M. Van Aken, G. J. F. Van Heijst, L. R. M. Maas

Journal of Marine Research

The persistent presence of a cold bottom layer and associated bottom fronts was observed in the stratified central North Sea during an observational program in 1981 and 1982. Moored instruments, capturing a snap-shot of such a front while it was advected past these moorings, revealed the simultaneous presence of a well-defined frontal jet with velocities up to 15 cm s−1. The Coriolis force acting on this jet appeared to be in geostrophic balance with the locally intense pressure gradient forces. Hydrographic surveys revealed the presence of both small-scale and large-scale baroclinic waves on this front, the latter reaching …

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Spatial And Temporal Variability Of Cadmium In Gulf Stream Warm-Core Rings And Associated Waters, Carole M. Sakamoto-Arnold, Alfred K. Hanson Jr., Douglas L. Huizenga, Dana R. Kester Jan 1987

Spatial And Temporal Variability Of Cadmium In Gulf Stream Warm-Core Rings And Associated Waters, Carole M. Sakamoto-Arnold, Alfred K. Hanson Jr., Douglas L. Huizenga, Dana R. Kester

Journal of Marine Research

Seawater samples were collected and analyzed for cadmium during four cruises studying Gulf Stream warm-core rings and associated waters. Warm-core ring (WCR) 82-B was sampled in April (approximately two months after formation), in June (after seasonal stratification), and in August (during its interaction with the Gulf Stream). The September–October cruise studied closure and separation of a meander that formed ring 82-H. The depth of the cadmium maximum varied with the depth of the main thermocline; the maximum occurred at a potential temperature of 7.8 ± 0.5°C and sigma-theta 27.4 ± 0.05 in the Slope Water, Gulf Stream, and Sargasso Sea …

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Stoichiometry Of C, N, P, And Si Fluxes In A Temperate-Climate Embayment, S. V. Smith, W. J. Wiebe, J. T. Hollibaugh, S. J. Dollar, S. W. Hager, B. E. Cole, G. W. Tribble, P. A. Wheeler Jan 1987

Stoichiometry Of C, N, P, And Si Fluxes In A Temperate-Climate Embayment, S. V. Smith, W. J. Wiebe, J. T. Hollibaugh, S. J. Dollar, S. W. Hager, B. E. Cole, G. W. Tribble, P. A. Wheeler

Journal of Marine Research

Dissolved C, N, P, and Si budgets for Tomales Bay, California, have been used to solve simultaneous stoichiometric equations which describe a plausible material balance for net organic matter reactions in the bay. Dissolved Si and P were both exported hydrographically. Dissolved C and fixed N were imported hydrographically. If we assume that C, N, P, and Si were supplied to the bay as organic detritus and remineralized at a rate required to balance dissolved Si and P exports, we can calculate reasonable rates of denitrification and CO2 gas evasion across the air-water interface. The system is thus interpreted …

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The Relationship Of Upwelling To Mussel Production In The Rias On The Western Coast Of Spain, J. O. Blanton, K. R. Tenore, F. Castillejo, L. P. Atkinson, F. B. Schwing, A. Lavin Jan 1987

The Relationship Of Upwelling To Mussel Production In The Rias On The Western Coast Of Spain, J. O. Blanton, K. R. Tenore, F. Castillejo, L. P. Atkinson, F. B. Schwing, A. Lavin

Journal of Marine Research

We have calculated an upwelling index for each month over a 17-year period (1969–1985) for a point off the western coast of Spain. We interpret April through September values of the index to indicate the flux of nitrate-rich water into the Spanish Rias. The index representing the 6-month upwelling series has been correlated with an index representing the conditions of mussels grown during that season on rafts in Ria de Arosa. Two seasons represent extreme upwelling conditions over the 17-year sampling period: 1977 when the upwelling index was the highest, and 1983 when it was the lowest. A comparison of …

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What Controls The Rate Of Equatorial Warm Water Mass Formation?, G. T. Csanady Jan 1987

What Controls The Rate Of Equatorial Warm Water Mass Formation?, G. T. Csanady

Journal of Marine Research

Equatorial warm water formation is one important factor in the mass balance of Tropical Surface Water (TSW) in the Atlantic Ocean; another is drainage by the North Brazilian Coastal Current (NBCC). Both are affected by the depth of the TSW layer at the western boundary: deepening of this layer increases the transport of the NBCC and reduces warm water mass formation by shortening the eastern upwelling zone. Strengthening westward wind-stress steepens the thermocline in the western sector of the equatorial band, enhances upwelling in the eastern sector, affecting mass balance on both counts. Recirculation of TSW via a loop containing …

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The Fate Of Organic Carbon And Nitrogen In Experimental Marine Sediment Systems: Influence Of Bioturbation And Anoxia, E. Kristensen, T. H. Blackburn Jan 1987

The Fate Of Organic Carbon And Nitrogen In Experimental Marine Sediment Systems: Influence Of Bioturbation And Anoxia, E. Kristensen, T. H. Blackburn

Journal of Marine Research

The decay rate of particulate organic carbon (POC) and nitrogen (PON) was followed during 94 days in three homogenized sediment microcosms: 1. With a natural density of the polychaete Nereis virens (NOx-cores); 2. Defaunated, with an aerobic water phase (Ox-cores); and 3. Defaunated, with an anaerobic water phase (An-cores). In all cores there was a marked preferential mineralization of PON compared to POC. The presence of Nereis increased the net decomposition of POC and PON 2.6 and 1.6 times relative to Ox-cores. Ventilation of burrow structures by the worms increased the flux of O2, TCO2 and DIN …

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Stirring And Mixing Of Thermohaline Anomalies, A. Colin De Verdiere, J. G. Harvey, M. Arhan Jan 1986

Stirring And Mixing Of Thermohaline Anomalies, A. Colin De Verdiere, J. G. Harvey, M. Arhan

Journal of Marine Research

Data from the Tourbillon Experiment in the eastern North Atlantic indicate clearly the stirring of waters with contrasting thermohaline properties by a mesoscale eddy, and the ensuing mixture which occurred. The observed features are discussed in relation to a mixing scenario which considers the salinity distribution in the eastern N. Atlantic associated with the Mediterranean Water (MW) outflow through the Straits of Gibraltar to provide a large-scale context. A mesoscale eddy near the boundary of this water mass advected and deformed a blob of MW, sharpening thermohaline fronts so that double diffusive frontal intrusions developed. Double diffusion processes are invoked …

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Vertical Patterns In 15n Natural Abundance In Pon From The Surface Waters Of Warm-Core Rings, Mark A. Altabet, James J. Mccarthy Jan 1986

Vertical Patterns In 15n Natural Abundance In Pon From The Surface Waters Of Warm-Core Rings, Mark A. Altabet, James J. Mccarthy

Journal of Marine Research

The natural abundance of 15N in PON from the upper 200 m of 4 warm-core rings and the Sargasso Sea was measured. Minima in the δ15N of PON often occurred near the depth at which NO3− was first detectable. Frequently, maxima in PON concentration and minima in C/N ratio also co-occurred in this region. The average value for the δ15N of PON below the top of the nitracline was almost always greater than that above the top of the nitracline. The observed vertical pattern for the δ15N of PON is most …

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The Effects Of Intra-Specific Density And Food Supply On Growth And Reproduction In An Infaunal Polychaete, Polydora Ligni Webster, Roman N. Zajac Jan 1986

The Effects Of Intra-Specific Density And Food Supply On Growth And Reproduction In An Infaunal Polychaete, Polydora Ligni Webster, Roman N. Zajac

Journal of Marine Research

In two laboratory experiments decreasing food supply and increasing intra-specific density generally had negative effects on growth and reproduction in the spionid polychaete Polydora ligni. These included longer maturation times at smaller worm size, longer times to deposition of the first brood of eggs and inter-brood period, and decreases in the number of gametogenic segments, egg capsules and fecundity. The number of eggs deposited per capsule was not affected by the treatments. Analysis of field data indicated a significant negative correlation between intra-specific density and fecundity, suggesting that the laboratory results reflect field conditions. Populations of opportunistic infauna, like Polydora …

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On The Role Of Topography In The Ocean Circulation, Paola Cessi, Joseph Pedlosky Jan 1986

On The Role Of Topography In The Ocean Circulation, Paola Cessi, Joseph Pedlosky

Journal of Marine Research

The ideas developed by Rhines and Young (1982a,b) are used to analyze the effect of topography in simple baroclinic models. The presence of longitude-dependent topography induces strong internal jets with transports of the same magnitude as the interior flow. It is shown that the existence of these features is independent of the forcing structure at the top of the model ocean, of the topography form and of the forcing in subsurface layers as long as the latter is small. Some examples are given both for forcings which, in the absence of topography, would give circulations closed in the interior and …

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A Model Study Of The Seasonal Cycle Of The Arabian Sea Surface Temperature, Satish R. Shetye Jan 1986

A Model Study Of The Seasonal Cycle Of The Arabian Sea Surface Temperature, Satish R. Shetye

Journal of Marine Research

The Annual variation of the SST along a zonal strip from the coast of Somalia to the southwest coast of India was simulated using available data (monthly-mean heat and momentum fluxes across the air-sea interface, surface advective field, etc.) as input to a Kraus-Turner mixed-layer model. Three cases were examined. In the first, influence of surface fluxes alone was considered. The second included the effects of surface fluxes and vertical advection. Then, effect of horizontal advection was added.The model forced with the surface heat and momentum fluxes alone simulated reasonably well the SST variability throughout the year except during the …

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Nekton Falls, Low-Intensity Disturbance And Community Structure Of Infaunal Benthos In The Deep Sea, Craig R. Smith Jan 1986

Nekton Falls, Low-Intensity Disturbance And Community Structure Of Infaunal Benthos In The Deep Sea, Craig R. Smith

Journal of Marine Research

A simulation of natural disturbance at the bathyal seafloor evoked rapid response from dominant infaunal species, for the first time providing experimental evidence that similar disturbances structure normal deep-sea communities. Parcels of dead fish (1–40 kg) were placed on the seafloor at a depth of 1310 m in the Santa Catalina Basin and monitored with Alvin and free-vehicle cameras for up to 8 wk. Dense aggregations of fish and ophiuroids were rapidly attracted to the baitfalls; in the process of consuming the bait, these megafaunal scavengers disrupted sediment surface structures and resuspended substantial amounts of sediment. The predominant macrofaunal effect …

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A Simplified Linear Ocean Circulation Theory, Rick Salmon Jan 1986

A Simplified Linear Ocean Circulation Theory, Rick Salmon

Journal of Marine Research

The linear theory of the wind- and thermally-driven ocean circulation simplifies considerably if the traditional Laplacian viscosity and thermal diffusivity are replaced by a linear-decay friction and heat diffusion. Solutions of the simplified equations display all the physically important features of the standard model.

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Sediment Trap Biases In Turbulent Flows: Results From A Laboratory Flume Study, Cheryl Ann Butman Jan 1986

Sediment Trap Biases In Turbulent Flows: Results From A Laboratory Flume Study, Cheryl Ann Butman

Journal of Marine Research

Several cylindrical and noncylindrical sediment trap designs were tested in a recirculating steady-flow flume. The laboratory study was conducted to achieve dynamic- and geometric-similarity to conditions in a specific field environment where traps eventually would be deployed. Relative (to a "standard" trap design) particle collection efficiencies of the traps were quantified in ∼10 cm/sec turbulent flows that were continuously seeded with particles having fall velocities of about 10−2 to 10−1 cm/sec (the upper range of silt-sized quartz sediments). The nature of flow through the trap mouths was qualitatively described using dye.The following trap biases were demonstrated in the …

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Observations Of The Horizontal Separation Of The Salinity Core And The Current Core In The Atlantic Equatorial Undercurrent, Eberhard Fahrbach, Jens Meincke, Alexander Sy Jan 1986

Observations Of The Horizontal Separation Of The Salinity Core And The Current Core In The Atlantic Equatorial Undercurrent, Eberhard Fahrbach, Jens Meincke, Alexander Sy

Journal of Marine Research

From January to June 1979 the R. V. Meteor surveyed the central equatorial Atlantic on a line along 22W from 2S to 3N. By means of CTD and horizontal deflection measurements of a towed undulating instrument, the "Delphin," a time series of the horizontal location of the velocity core of the Equatorial Undercurrent and its related salinity maximum could be obtained. The time interval of observations between the 11 "Delphin" sections ranged from 5 to 30 days. In the mean the salinity maximum is located 30 km south of the velocity maximum. The separation distance depends on the meridional location …

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