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Scaling Of Computed Tomography Body Composition To Height: Relevance Of Height-Normalized Indices In Patients With Colorectal Cancer, Justin C. Brown, Steven B. Heymsfield, Bette J. Caan

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Background: Body weight scales to height with a power of ≈2 (weight/height2), forming the basis of body mass index (BMI). The corresponding scaling of body composition measured by abdominal computed tomography (CT) to height has not been established. The objective of this analysis was to quantify the scaling of body composition measured by a single-slice axial abdominal CT image (skeletal muscle, and visceral, subcutaneous, and total adipose tissue) to height in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: This cross-sectional study included non-Hispanic white males and females, aged 18–80 years, who were diagnosed with stage I–III CRC at an integrated health …

Differences By School Location In Summer And School Monthly Weight Change: Findings From A Nationally Representative Sample, Ethan T. Hunt, Bridget Armstrong Ph.D., Gabrielle Turner-Mcgrievy Ph.D., Rd, Michael Beets Med, Mph, Phd, Robert Weaver Med, Phd

Faculty Publications

Objectives: To examine changes in accelerations of Body Mass Index (BMI), age-and-sex specific body mass index (zBMI), and 95th percentile of BMI (%BMIp95) during the summer months and school year by school location designation (i.e., urban, suburban, exurban). This study utilized the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study Kindergarten Class of 2010-2011.

Methods: Of the 18,174 children in the ECLS-K:2011 dataset, I restricted participants to those with at least two consecutive measures that occurred August/September or April/May. Mixed-effect regression analyses estimated differences in monthly change in BMI, zBMI, and %BMIp95 between the summer and school year while accounting for the ECLS-K complex …

Factors Associated With Being Overweight And Obesity In People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus On Antiretroviral Therapy: Socioclinical, Inflammation, And Metabolic Markers, Jeanne Goupil De Bouillé, Corinne Vigouroux, Lorraine Plessis, Mathilde Ghislain, Jean Paul Teglas, Faroudy Boufassa, Cécile Goujard, Dorothée Vignes, Olivier Bouchaud, Dominique Salmon, Laurence Meyer, Sophie Abgrall, O. B., O. B., F. B., F. B., Robert Carlier, Rosemary Dray-Spira, M. G., C. G., C. G., C. G., L. P., L. P., Lucie Marchand, L. M., Ventzislava Petrov-Sanchez, Christine Rouzioux, Rémonie Seng, Rémonie Seng, Rodolphe Thiebaut, Jean Paul Viard, Jean Paul Viard, S. A.

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Background: We investigated the association between socioclinical, inflammatory, and metabolic markers and weight gain in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Methods: Individuals from the COPANA cohort of normal weight (body mass index [BMI], 18.5-24.9 [calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) at cART initiation who achieved virological suppression (viral load, < 50 copies/mL) and maintained it through 36 months of treatment were selected. Clinical, immunovirological, and socioeconomic data and inflammation (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, CXCL10, CXCL8, interleukin 6, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors 1 and 2, soluble CD14, and soluble CD16) and serum metabolic (glucose, insulin, lipid profile, adiponectin, and leptin) markers were assessed. Factors associated with becoming overweight (BMI, 25-29.9) or obese (BMI, ≥30) at 36 months were assessed using multivariate logistic regression models. Results: After 36 months of cART, 32 of 158 people with HIV (20%) became overweight or obese (21% female; 65% born in France and 23% born in sub-Saharan Africa; median BMI at cART initiation, 22 [interquartile range, 21-23]). After adjustment, higher BMI, originating from sub-Saharan Africa, living in a couple, and higher soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 and lower adiponectin concentrations at cART initiation were associated with becoming overweight or obese. Conclusion: Weight gain on cART is multifactorial. Special attention should be given to migrants from sub-Saharan Africa. Monocyte activation and adipocyte dysfunction at cART initiation affect weight regulation.

Higher Habitual Flavonoid Intakes Are Associated With A Lower Incidence Of Diabetes, Nicola P. Bondonno, Frederik Dalgaard, Kevin Murray, Raymond J. Davey, Catherine P. Bondonno, Aedin Cassidy, Joshua R. Lewis, Cecilie Kyrø, Gunnar Gislason, Augustin Scalbert, Anne Tjønneland, Jonathan M. Hodgson

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Background:

Higher flavonoid intakes are hypothesized to confer protection against type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objectives:

We aimed to 1) investigate associations between flavonoid intakes and diabetes, 2) examine the mediating impact of body fat, and 3) identify subpopulations that may receive the greatest benefit from higher flavonoid intakes in participants of the Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health Study followed up for 23 y.

Methods:

Cross-sectional associations between baseline flavonoid intake, estimated using FFQs and the Phenol Explorer database, and body fat, estimated by bioelectrical impedance, were assessed using multivariable-Adjusted linear regression models. Nonlinear associations between flavonoid intake and incident diabetes …

Role Of Smad2 And Smad3 On Adipose Tissue Development And Function, Roshan Kumari

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Introduction: Obesity and its associated metabolic syndrome are major medical problems worldwide including United States. Adipose tissue is the primary site of energy storage, playing important roles in health. Adipose tissue also has other critical functions, producing adipocytokines and contributing to normal nutrient metabolism, which in turn play important roles in satiety, inflammation, and total energy homeostasis. Activin A and activin B play important roles in maintaining body composition and energy homeostasis. This dissertation highlights the role of activin/SMADs signaling in adipose tissue development, function, and maintenance.

SMAD2/3 proteins are downstream mediators of transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) family signaling, including …

Obesity And Overweight Among Black American Adolescent Females: The Role Of Social Influences In Everyday Dietary Practices, Megan R. Winkler

Dissertations

Obesity and overweight disproportionately impact Black American adolescent females-placing them at a lifetime of elevated physical health risks. Despite this burden, the literature that explores the contributors to obesity and overweight among Black American adolescent females remains limited and unclear. This dissertation aims to develop knowledge related to obesity and overweight in Black American adolescent females, by appraising the current understanding of factors that contribute to their obesity and overweight, and explicating the everyday social influences on dietary practices. The primary study conducted for this dissertation used a mixed method, multiple case study design to examine the mother, daughter, and …

Energy Compensation And Adiposity In Humans, Vincent Careau, Lewis G Halsey, Herman Pontzer, Philip N Ainslie, Lene F Andersen, Liam J Anderson, Lenore Arab, Issad Baddou, Kweku Bedu-Addo, Ellen E Blaak, Stephane Blanc, Alberto G Bonomi, Carlijn V C Bouten, Maciej S Buchowski, Nancy F Butte, Stefan G J A Camps, Graeme L Close, Jamie A Cooper, Sai Krupa Das, Richard Cooper, Lara R Dugas, Simon D Eaton, Ulf Ekelund, Sonja Entringer, Terrence Forrester, Barry W Fudge, Annelies H Goris, Michael Gurven, Catherine Hambly, Asmaa El Hamdouchi, Marije B Hoos, Sumei Hu, Noorjehan Joonas, Annemiek M Joosen, Peter Katzmarzyk, Kitty P Kempen, Misaka Kimura, William E Kraus, Robert F Kushner, Estelle V Lambert, William R Leonard, Nader Lessan, Corby K Martin, Anine C Medin, Erwin P Meijer, James C Morehen, James P Morton, Marian L Neuhouser, Theresa A Nicklas, Robert M Ojiambo, Kirsi H Pietiläinen, Yannis P Pitsiladis, Jacob Plange-Rhule, Guy Plasqui, Ross L Prentice, Roberto A Rabinovich, Susan B Racette, David A Raichlen, Eric Ravussin, John J Reilly, Rebecca M Reynolds, Susan B Roberts, Albertine J Schuit, Anders M Sjödin, Eric Stice, Samuel S Urlacher, Giulio Valenti, Ludo M Van Etten, Edgar A Van Mil, Jonathan C K Wells, George Wilson, Brian M Wood, Jack Yanovski, Tsukasa Yoshida, Xueying Zhang, Alexia J Murphy-Alford, Cornelia U Loechl, Amy H Luke, Jennifer Rood, Hiroyuki Sagayama, Dale A Schoeller, William W Wong, Yosuke Yamada, John R Speakman, Iaea Dlw Database Group

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Understanding the impacts of activity on energy balance is crucial. Increasing levels of activity may bring diminishing returns in energy expenditure because of compensatory responses in non-activity energy expenditures.

Associations Of Diet With Cardiometabolic And Inflammatory Profiles In Pregnant Women At Risk For Metabolic Complications, Kataryna Jaworsky, Jeffrey L. Ebersole, Petar Planinic, Arpita Basu

Dental Medicine Faculty Research

Dietary intakes play an important role in the development of metabolic complications during pregnancy. While reported observational studies reveal an inverse association of healthy diets with weight gain, gestational diabetes, and hypertensive complications during pregnancy, there is a paucity of studies conducted among women of specific ethnicities vulnerable to higher risks of pregnancy complications. This is a secondary cross sectional analysis using baseline data from a previously reported clinical trial. We aim to identify associations of maternal habitual dietary intakes with cardiometabolic risks and inflammatory profiles in primarily African American (AA) and Hispanic women in the first half of pregnancy. …

Why We Need A Ruminant Revolution: Combating Malnutrition And Metabolic Illnesses To Enable Sustainable Development, Peter J. Ballerstedt, David B. Hannaway, T. D. Noakes

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Animal source foods (ASF) are essential for proper human development and function. Livestock in general, and ruminants in particular, are essential components of our sustainable global food systems. Of significant worldwide impact, diets with higher-than-recommended levels of ASF can correct the symptoms of metabolic illnesses, offering hope in arresting the current worldwide epidemic of diabetes and other metabolic diseases. Most dietary policy and recommendations are based on the ill-founded belief that plant-based, high-carbohydrate diets are “healthy.” High-quality scientific evidence does not support the belief that vegetarian diets are healthier than omnivorous or animal-based diets. A Therapeutic Carbohydrate Reduction (TCR) lifestyle …

Evaluation Of A School Nurse-Led Intervention For Children With Severe Obesity In New York City Schools, Krista Schroeder

Dissertations

Severe childhood obesity, the fastest growing subcategory of childhood obesity, affects 4-6% of youth. Children from racial/ethnic minority groups and low income households are disproportionately affected. Severe obesity increases risk for metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, musculoskeletal problems, poor health-related quality of life, bullying, low self-worth, absenteeism, and adult obesity. One method of addressing childhood obesity is through school-based interventions. School nurses may be well-suited to lead obesity interventions because of their healthcare expertise, long-term relationships with students and families, and availability to students without financial burden.

Immunometabolic Dysregulation At The Intersection Of Obesity And Covid-19, Collins N. Khwatenge, Marquette Pate, Laura C. Miller, Yongming Sang

Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Faculty Research

Obesity prevails worldwide to an increasing effect. For example, up to 42% of American adults are considered obese. Obese individuals are prone to a variety of complications of metabolic disorders including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and chronic kidney disease. Recent meta-analyses of clinical studies in patient cohorts in the ongoing coronavirus-disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic indicate that the presence of obesity and relevant disorders is linked to a more severe prognosis of COVID-19. Given the significance of obesity in COVID-19 progression, we provide a review of host metabolic and immune responses in the immunometabolic dysregulation exaggerated by obesity and the …

Current State Of Pediatric Obesity: Management Trends In An Outpatient Pediatric Clinic, Susan Edlibi, Ryan Rogers, Dina Abdo, Charity Owusu-Asare, Reem Wassef, Mary Coffey, Lihua Qu, Aimee Pollak, Stacey Shubeck, Kerry Mychaliska

Conference Presentation Abstracts

Background: The prevalence of pediatric obesity has increased over the last 30 years resulting inan earlier onset of obesity-related comorbidities. The greatest acceleration of Body Mass Index(BMI) in children has been reported to occur between the ages of 2 and 6 and is associated with anincreased risk of sustained obesity in adulthood. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to assess the characteristics of overweight (BMI at orabove 85th percentile) pediatric patients and current management trends in a single academicoutpatient clinic setting. Design/Methods: This IRB approved retrospective study conducted a chart review of pediatricpatients that presented to an outpatient clinic …

A Systematic Review Of Diet Quality Index And Obesity Among Chinese Adults, Isma'il Kadam, Sudeep Neupane, Jingkai Wei, Lee Ann Fullington, Tricia Li, Ruopeng An, Li Zhao, Amy Ellithorpe, Xinyin Jiang, Liang Wang

Publications and Research

Diet quality scores are designed mainly based on Western-style dietary patterns. They were demonstrated to be good indicators of obesity in developed but not developing countries. Several diet quality scores were developed based on the Chinese dietary guidelines, yet no systematic review exists regarding how they were related to obesity. We searched research articles published between 2000 and 2021 in PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus databases. Both cross-sectional and prospective studies that examined the relationship between a diet quality score and weight, body mass index, obesity, or waist circumference conducted in a Chinese population were selected. From the 602 articles searched, …

Metabolic Changes After Bariatric Surgical Procedures: Metabolic Changes After Bariatric Surgical Procedures, Mohammed Ahmed, Saad Hummady, Falih Algazgooz

Iraqi National Journal of Medicine

Introduction: Obesity is associated with diabetes, dyslipidemia, and increased cardiovascular disease risks. Bariatric surgeries are one of the most reliable ways to treat obesity. Bariatric Surgical procedures started in Basra in 2009 and since then, thousands of surgeries had been made, mainly in Al-Sadr Teaching Hospital.Objective: To prospectively evaluate the short-term effect of bariatric surgical procedures on body mass index (BMI), lipid profile, and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) and compare the effects of various types of these surgical procedures.Methods: A 12-month prospective study on 73 patients who underwent three types of bariatric surgeries, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy surgery (LSG), laparoscopic REUX-EN-Y gastric …

Systematic Review Of Polyherbal Combinations Used In Metabolic Syndrome, Amber Hanif Palla, Faridah Amin, Bilqees Fatima, Arooj Shafiq, Najeeb Ur Rehman, Ikram Ul Haq, Anwar-Ul-Hassan Gilani

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a multifactorial disease, whose main stay of prevention and management is life-style modification which is difficult to attain. Combination of herbs have proven more efficacious in multi-targeted diseases, as compared to individual herbs owing to the "effect enhancing and side-effect neutralizing" properties of herbs, which forms the basis of polyherbal therapies This led us to review literature on the efficacy of herbal combinations in MetS.
Methods: Electronic search of literature was conducted by using Cinnahl, Pubmed central, Cochrane and Web of Science, whereas, Google scholar was used as secondary search tool. The key words used …

Foregut Exclusion Enhances Incretin And Insulin Secretion After Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass In Adults With Type 2 Diabetes, John P. Kirwan, Christopher L. Axelrod, Emily L. Kullman, Steven K. Malin, Wagner S. Dantas, Kathryn Pergola, Juan Pablo Del Rincon, Stacy A. Brethauer, Sangeeta R. Kashyap, Philip R. Schauer

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Introduction: Patients with type 2 diabetes experience resolution of hyperglycemia within days after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery.This is attributed, in part, to enhanced secretion of hindgut factors following exclusion of the gastric remnant and proximal intestine during surgery. However, evidence of the mechanisms of remission remain limited due to the challenges of metabolic evaluation during the early postoperative period. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the role of foregut exclusion in the resolution of type 2 diabetes after RYGB. Methods: Patients with type 2 diabetes (n = 15) undergoing RYGB had a gastrostomy tube (G-tube) placed in …

Legacy Of A 10-Year Multidomain Lifestyle Intervention On The Cognitive Trajectories Of Individuals With Overweight/Obesity And Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Kathleen M. Hayden, Rebecca H. Neiberg, Joni K. Evans, José A. Luchsinger, Owen Carmichael, Gareth R. Dutton, Karen C. Johnson, Steven E. Kahn, Stephen R. Rapp, Sevil Yasar, Mark A. Espeland

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Introduction: Weight loss and increased physical activity interventions are commonly recommended for individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and overweight or obesity. We examined the impact of randomization to an intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) on trajectories of cognitive function over 10 years in a cohort of participants in a randomized clinical trial who had T2D and overweight/obesity at baseline. Methods: Participants aged 45-76 years were enrolled in 2001-2004 and were randomized to the ILI or a diabetes support and education (DSE) condition. Cognitive function was assessed in 3,938 participants at up to 4 time points 8-18 years after randomization. General …

Ehealth Interventions Targeting Nutrition, Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, Or Obesity In Adults: A Scoping Review Of Systematic Reviews, Melinda J. Hutchesson, Claire Gough, Andre Matthias Müller, Camille E. Short, Megan C. Whatnall, Mavra Ahmed, Nicole Pearson, Zenong Yin, Lee M. Ashton, Carol Maher, Amanda E. Staiano, Chelsea E. Mauch, Ann Desmet, Corneel Vandelanotte

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

A vast body of evidence regarding eHealth interventions for nutrition, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and obesity exists. This scoping review of systematic reviews aimed to evaluate the current level of evidence in this growing field. Seven electronic databases were searched for systematic reviews published until October 27, 2019. The systematic reviews must have included adult participants only and have evaluated eHealth behavioral interventions with the primary aim of changing nutrition, physical activity, and sedentary behavior or treating or preventing overweight and obesity. One hundred and six systematic reviews, published from 2006 to 2019, were included. Almost all (n = 98) …

Associations Of Circulating Dimethylarginines With The Metabolic Syndrome In The Framingham Offspring Study, Ibrahim Musa Yola, Carlee Moser, Meredith S. Duncan, Edzard Schwedhelm, Dorothee Atzler, Renke Maas, Juliane Hannemann, Rainer H. Böger, Ramachandran S. Vasan, Vanessa Xanthakis

Biostatistics Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Circulating levels of the endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), are positively associated with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in cross-sectional investigations. It is unclear if circulating ADMA and other methylarginines are associated with incident MetS prospectively.

METHODS: We related circulating ADMA, symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), L-arginine (ARG) concentrations (measured with a validated tandem mass spectrometry assay) and the ARG/ADMA ratio to MetS and its components in 2914 (cross-sectional analysis, logistic regression; mean age 58 years, 55% women) and 1656 (prospective analysis, Cox regression; mean age 56 years, 59% women) individuals from the Framingham Offspring Study …

Therapeutic Potential Of Garlic Chive-Derived Vesicle-Like Nanoparticles In Nlrp3 Inflammasome-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Baolong Liu, Xingzhi Li, Han Yu, Xuan Shi, You Zhou, Sophie Alvarez, Michael J. Naldrett, Stephen D. Kachman, Seung-Hyun Ro, Xinghui Sun, Soonkyu Chung, Lili Jing, Jiujiu Yu

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Aberrant activation of the nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat related (NLR) family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome drives the development of many complex inflammatory diseases, such as obesity, Alzheimer’s disease, and atherosclerosis. However, no medications specifically targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome have become clinically available. Therefore, we aim to identify new inhibitors of the NLRP3 inflammasome in this study. Methods: Vesicle-like nanoparticles (VLNs) were extracted from garlic chives and other Allium vegetables and their effects on the NLRP3 inflammasome were evaluated in primary macrophages. After garlic chive-derived VLNs (GC-VLNs) were found to exhibit potent anti-NLRP3 inflammasome activity in cell culture, …

Effect Of High Fat Diet On Body Weight, Visceral Fat Weight, And Pparg Expressions On Visceral Fat In Mice, Cantika Putri Melyana, Purwo Sri Rejeki, Sony Wibisono Mudjanarko, Lilik Herawati, Mohammad Anam Al-Arif

Folia Medica Indonesiana

Obesity becomes a global epidemic nowadays. The high-fat diet is used as an alternative therapy for obesity. The optimal composition of a high-fat diet to reduce body weight is still unknown. This study aimed to determine which components of a high-fat diet can decrease body weight, visceral fat, and PPARG expression of visceral fat. This study was conducted at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, for three months by using a randomized post-test only control group design. Fifty male mice, 2-3 months old, 18-30 grams were adapted for one week given standard diet AIN93-M, then mice were divided into …

Moringa Oleifera Seed Extract Concomitantly Supplemented With Chemotherapy Worsens Tumor Progression In Mice With Triple Negative Breast Cancer And Obesity, Elizabeth R.M. Zunica, Shengping Yang, Ann Coulter, Christy White, John P. Kirwan, Linda A. Gilmore

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive and highly metastatic breast cancer subtype with limited treatment options. Obesity and insulin resistance are associated with a worse prognosis in those with TNBC. Moringa oleifera (moringa) is a tropical edible plant used for both food and medicinal purposes and found to have anti-obesity and anti-cancer effects in vitro and in preclinical models. The anti-cancer effects of moringa seed extract alone and in combination with chemotherapy were evaluated in immunocompromised female mice with diet-induced obesity bearing MDA-MB-231-derived xenograft tumors. Moringa supplementation protected against high-fat diet-and chemotherapy-induced increases in fasting glucose and improved …

Eating Behaviors And Dietary Patterns Of Women During Pregnancy: Optimizing The Universal ‘Teachable Moment’, Maryam Kebbe, Emily W. Flanagan, Joshua R. Sparks, Leanne M. Redman

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Understanding women’s perceptions of eating behaviors and dietary patterns can inform the ‘teachable moment’ model of pregnancy. Our objectives were to describe eating behaviors and dietary patterns in pregnancy. This was a cross‐sectional, national electronic survey. Women were ≥18 years of age, living in the United States, currently pregnant or less than two years postpartum, and had internet access. Age, education, race, and marriage were included as covariates in ordinal and binary logistic regressions (significance p < 0.05). Women (n = 587 eligible) made positive or negative changes to their diets, while others maintained pre‐existing eating behaviors. The majority of women did not try (84.9 to 95.1% across diets) and were unwilling to try (66.6 to 81%) specific dietary patterns during pregnancy. Concerns included not eating a balanced diet (60.1 to 65.9%), difficulty in implementation without family (63.2 to 64.8%), and expense (58.7 to 60.1%). Helpful strategies included being provided all meals and snacks (88.1 to 90.6%) and periodic consultations with a dietitian or nutritionist (85 to 86.7%). Responses differed across subgroups of parity, body mass index, and trimester, notably in women with obesity who reported healthier changes to their diet (p < 0.05). Our study underscores the importance of tailoring care early to individual needs, characteristics, and circumstances.

The Role Of Gip Receptor In The Cns For The Pathogenesis Of Obesity, Makoto Fukuda

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) (also known as gastric inhibitory polypeptide) is a hormone produced in the upper gut and secreted to the circulation in response to the ingestion of foods, especially fatty foods. Growing evidence supports the physiological and pharmacological relevance of GIP in obesity. In an obesity setting, inhibition of endogenous GIP or its receptor leads to decreased energy intake, increased energy expenditure, or both, eventually causing weight loss. Further, supraphysiological dosing of exogenous long-lasting GIP agonists alters energy balance and has a marked antiobesity effect. This remarkable yet paradoxical antiobesity effect is suggested to occur primarily via the …

Opportunities To Address Obesity Disparities Among High-Risk Latino Children And Adolescents, Erica G Soltero, Teresia M O'Connor, Deborah Thompson, Gabriel Q Shaibi

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Purpose of review: This review highlights obesity-related disparities among Latino children and adolescents, discusses the social determinants of health (SDoH) that drive disparities, and presents case studies of strategies for reducing disparities and promoting health equity.

Recent findings: Recommended strategies for reducing obesity-related disparities include the use of culturally grounded programming, multi-sector collaborations, and technology. We present two exemplar studies that demonstrate that integrating cultural values and enhancing the overall cultural fit of prevention programs can increase engagement among high-risk Latino families. We also examine the use of multi-sector collaborations to build community capacity and address key SDoH that impact …

Theoretical Mediators Of Diabetes Risk And Quality Of Life Following A Diabetes Prevention Program For Latino Youth With Obesity, Erica G Soltero, Stephanie L Ayers, Marvyn A Avalos, Armando Peña, Allison N Williams, Micah L Olson, Yolanda P Konopken, Felipe G Castro, Kimberly J Arcoleo, Colleen S Keller, Donald L Patrick, Justin Jager, Gabriel Q Shaibi

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Purpose: This study tested self-efficacy and social support for activity and dietary changes as mediators of changes in type 2 diabetes related outcomes following a lifestyle intervention among Latino youth.

Setting and intervention: Latino adolescents (14-16 years) with obesity (BMI% = 98.1 ± 1.4) were randomized to a 3-month intervention (n = 67) that fostered self-efficacy and social support through weekly, family-centered sessions or a comparison condition (n = 69).

Measures: Primary outcomes included insulin sensitivity and weight specific quality of life. Mediators included self-efficacy, friend, and family social support for health behaviors. Data was collected at baseline, 3-months, 6-months, …

Food Addiction And Obesity, Lisa Ling

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The obesity rate in the U.S. adult population has increased to epidemic levels despite attempts to decrease obesity through evidence-based knowledge, clinical practice guidelines, medical interventions, and individual efforts. For certain individuals, food addiction behaviors such as food cravings, loss of control, and binge eating contribute to obesity and require a different approach to care. Little work has been done on adding the possibility of food addiction to obesity screening and treatment. This study utilized a quasi-experimental quantitative pre- and postsurvey research design based on Lewin’s change theory. Nurse practitioners were surveyed regarding the provider’s perceptions, attitudes, and beliefs about …

Management Of Obesity Using Telemedicine During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Angela A. Wang-Selfridge, Jennifer F. Dennis

Faculty and Staff Publications

Importance:

During the COVID-19 pandemic, telemedicine visits increased to provide safer access to healthcare.

Methods:

To evaluate the role of telemedicine in obesity management during COVID-19, we conducted a systematic review to identify barriers in using this approach to patient care.

Conclusion:

While necessary, the management of obesity through telemedicine was met with patient-specific and healthcare-specific barriers. Increased awareness of these barriers may allow physicians to better understand patient interactions via virtual medical visits.

Treatment Options For Managing Obesity In Chronic Kidney Disease, Vishnu P Parvathareddy, Krishiv M Ella, Maulin Shah, Sankar D Navaneethan

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Obesity is a risk factor for the development and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of various management options (lifestyle intervention, medications, and bariatric surgery) to address obesity in those with CKD.

RECENT FINDINGS: Few clinical trials have examined the benefits of lifestyle modifications in those with preexisting CKD and suggest potential renal and cardiovascular benefits in this population. Yet, superiority of different dietary regimen to facilitate weight loss in CKD is unclear. Although medications could offer short-term benefits and assist weight loss, their safety and long-term benefits warrant …

Hiv-1 Viral Protein R Couples Metabolic Inflexibility With White Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis, Neeti Agarwal, Dinakar Iyer, Pradip Saha, Aaron R Cox, Yan Xia, Netanya S Utay, Anoma Somasundaram, Ulrich Schubert, Jordan E Lake, Sean M Hartig, Ashok Balasubramanyam

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Persons living with HIV (PLWH) manifest chronic disorders of brown and white adipose tissues that lead to diabetes and metabolic syndrome. The mechanisms that link viral factors to defective adipose tissue function and abnormal energy balance in PLWH remain incompletely understood. Here, we explored how the HIV accessory protein viral protein R (Vpr) contributes to adaptive thermogenesis in two mouse models and human adipose tissues. Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) gene expression was strongly increased in subcutaneous white adipose tissue (WAT) biopsy specimens from PLWH and in subcutaneous WAT of the Vpr mice, with nearly equivalent mRNA copy number. Histology and …