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The Effects Of Internal Physiology On Polyphenic Horn Development In The Dung Beetle Onthophagus Taurus, Naomi Garrett Williamson

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

An organism’s phenotype can be affected in development by alterations to gene expression based on environmental inputs. Nutrition is one such environmental input and the central regulator of development of large horn or small horn phenotypes in the dung beetle species, Onthophagus taurus. However, little is known about the nature of chemical compounds that are critical to this plastic horn development. To better understand these compounds, we are utilizing an untargeted metabolomic approach as well as a targeted gene approach. Through the metabolomic approach, it was uncovered that environmental conditions tend to have a greater impact on metabolomic composition …

Evaluating Inorganic Feed Phosphate Type And Further Potential Of Phytase Supplementation Using A Commercial Broiler Model, Angela Elsie Lamp

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Optimizing feed formulation of poultry diets may be achieved by proper utilization of nutrients and feed additives. This will provide a less expensive and nutrient efficient diet to the bird. An experiment was conducted to evaluate early broiler performance, tibia mineralization, and mineral digestibility of broilers fed diets that differed in inorganic feed phosphates (IFP) but that were formulated to be either similar in dietary non-phytate phosphorus (nPP) and calcium to phosphorus ratio (Ca:P), total mineral content, or calculated prececal digestible phosphorus (CPDP). Dicalcium phosphate (DCP), monodicalcium phosphate (MDP), monocalcium phosphate (MCP), and defluorinated phosphate were used in formulations with …

Mobile Apps For Type 2 Diabetes In A Low Socioeconomic Status Population, Kaitland Rae Woelky

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

Background: Individuals of low socioeconomic status (SES) are disproportionately at risk for developing type 2 diabetes (T2DM) compared to their higher SES counterparts. Smartphone apps are increasingly used as a tool to compliment current diabetes education and have the ability to increase prevention and diabetes education in health disparate communities. The objective of this study was to identify the quality of nutrition and health related apps frequently recommended by diabetes educators to compliment current T2DM education programs for patient of low SES.

Methods: Clinicians (n=120) were recruited through two diabetes and dietetic professional groups to complete an online App Identification …

Understanding The Effects Of Food Security And Snap Participation On The Fruit And Vegetable Intake Of Older Adults, Alexandra Sarkisian

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

This thesis focuses on understanding what impact the barrier of food security has on the fruit and vegetable intake of older adults. Food insecurity - lacking consistent access to enough food for an active, healthy lifestyle - is an issue that affects 1 in 9 Americans, and can have an impact on one’s diet and potentially overall health. Using secondary data collected through the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, this study assessed the intake of fruits, vegetables, as well as the variety of produce consumed. This was then analyzed in order determine how the intake of these foods …

Diet Of Spalangia Cameroni (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), A Parasitoid Of Filth Flies, Elizabeth Taylor

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

Parasitoid wasps are often part of the rich invertebrate communities in decaying organic matter where their hosts are found. However, little is known about what adults of these parasitoids eat. Most parasitoid wasps parasitize herbaceous insects, so nectar from flowers often is readily available. The present study examined feeding by adult Spalangia cameroni Perkins (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), a species that burrows through manure, where it finds and parasitizes pupae of filth flies. Feeding on host fluids occurs in many parasitoid wasps, including S. cameroni. In the laboratory, these wasps also readily feed on honey or a sucrose solution, which increases their …

Indian Food And Culture Fact Sheet, Brooke Robinson

All Student-Created Educational Resources

This is an informational handout covering the traditional cuisines of various regions throughout the Indian subcontinent. Religious influences regarding food choice and fasting, traditional health beliefs, eating patterns and etiquette, and common health issues experienced by the Indian population who acculturate to American culture are discussed.

Food & Culture In Greece, University Of New England Applied Nutrition Program

All Student-Created Educational Resources

This is a fact sheet about the food culture of Greece. The purpose is to educate the audience on Greece’s traditional cuisine and eating patterns. Information includes traditional foods and dishes, traditional eating patterns, holidays and religious traditions, traditional health beliefs, and more current food practices in Greece.

Low Sodium Healthy Default- So. You Have To Cut Back On Salt., University Of New England Applied Nutrition Program

All Student-Created Educational Resources

This handout informs those who are new to the low sodium diet on why and how to cut back on salt. What, why, and how is discussed.

Nutrition Abcs For Healthy Families, Lauren K. Sullivan

All Student-Created Educational Resources

This pamphlet informs the audience of basic nutrition principles for maintaining a healthy weight using healthy diet patterns and increased activity recommendations. It encourages healthful eating, regular activity and utilizing resources as a part of a healthy family lifestyle

Eating In Greece, University Of New England Applied Nutrition Program

All Student-Created Educational Resources

This fact sheet is about the culture and traditions in Greece revolving around food. The fact sheet talks about how the Greeks continue to consume their traditional diet in Greece as well as in the United States. The traditional diet is discussed in context of the day to day routines and on special holidays. How this particular diet influences the health of the Greek people is discussed as well.

Filipino Food, Dietary Customs, And Health Beliefs, University Of New England Applied Nutrition Program

All Student-Created Educational Resources

This fact sheet serves as an educational resource for learners seeking information about Filipino dietary practices and health beliefs. Traditional and symbolic Filipino foods and dishes are reviewed, along with traditional eating patterns, health beliefs, and food practices.

Indian Cuisine: Food And Culture Fact Sheet, University Of New England Applied Nutrition Program

All Student-Created Educational Resources

This handout aims to inform the audience food staples and dishes in India and traditional dishes that are prepared. Preparation of Indian dishes and culturally significant food staples along with ingredients that are commonly used, religious influences, traditional eating patterns, and health beliefs are discussed.

Food Accessibility Related To The Double Your Dollar Program, Julia Carlson, Heather Friedrich, Mechelle Bailey, Curt Rom

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

The Double Your Dollar (DYD) Program is a program that gives Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) beneficiaries and Senior Farmers Market Nutrition Program (SFMNP) participants match dollars to spend at local farmers markets. The DYD’s goal is to incentivize healthy eating among individuals of low income and promote spending at farmers markets. Food insecurity affects over 60,000 individuals in Washington and Benton counties in Arkansas. The aim of this study was to assess how the DYD program impacted users’ food accessibility and how the program could be improved for the future. A survey was used to address basic demographics, type, …

A Modified Standard American Diet (Msad) Induces Physiological Parameters Associated The With Metabolic Syndrome In C57bl/6j Mice, Sophie Bru Chehade

All ETDs from UAB

Obesity manifests physiologically in multiple organ systems of the body, typically increasing the risk of developing cardiometabolic disorders. Researchers have questioned the causative role that western dietary patterns have on disease pathogenesis and have speculated that quality and quantity of dietary fats and/or carbohydrates have a predictive role in the development of these disorders. Standard reference diets such as the AIN-93 rodent diet have historically been used to promote optimal animal model health and reduce variation of results across experiments. These diets have been invaluable to murine research; however, their translational value in studying human nutrition-related pathologies is limited. Early …

Nutritional Strategies For Nurses In A Fast Paced Occupation, Zachary Christman

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The foundation of the medical system are the nurses and certified medical assistants. Their personal health condition affects how well diseases and other medical conditions are handled. This article will begin with an overview of the eating behavior of nurses. Three different interventions which have been shown effective in a fast paced workplace are presented in order to improve the health of nurses and certified medical assistants. The first intervention is organizational changes that would increase the amount of time nursing staff have to eat. The second is the use of a messenger bag delivery system to provide needed food, …

Nutritional Assessment Of Patients In The Intensive Care Unit, Jennifer Maureen Brown

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Impaired nutrition is associated with prolonged hospitalization, poor patient outcomes, high mortality, and increased health costs. Nutritional assessment in intensive care unit (ICU) patients is important in recognition of changes in the patient’s nutritional status from admission to discharge and may promote early nutritional interventions by the health providers to prevent complications of poor nutrition. The purpose of this staff education doctoral project was to assess ICU nurses’ knowledge of nutritional assessment for critically-ill patients and to provide education on an assessment tool for patient nutritional assessment- the malnutrition universal screening tool (MUST). The guidelines from the American Society for …

Racial Disparities In Periconceptual Folic Acid Levels, Kelvin Gibson

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Periconceptional folate level deficiencies are associated with birth defects of the brain and spinal cord, posing a significant public health problem. In 2009, Black and Hispanic women exhibited lower periconceptual folate levels and higher rates of folate-related birth defects compared with non-Hispanic White women, prior to enactment of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) of 2010. It is not known if improved access to prenatal care under the ACA narrowed the gap in mean periconceptual folate levels between non-Hispanic White, Black, and Hispanic women between 2009 and 2017. The purpose of this causal-comparative cross-sectional quantitative study was to determine whether there …

The Impact Of The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program On Low Income Regions, Quin Colson

Research Papers

SNAP (Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program) is a program that evolved from the Food Stamp Program. The Food Stamp Program was started 1939 after the Great Depression to combat food insecurity in the United States. Food insecurity occurs when an individual is without access to enough affordable and nutritious food. According to the USDA, the concept was developed by Henry Wallace, the Secretary of Agriculture and Milo Perkins who became the first administrator of the program. The initial concept was to allow participants in need the opportunity to purchase food, some of which was deemed as surplus. Some think it was …

Single Cell Proteins Affect Growth Performance And Body Composition Of Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus Vannamei, Yuan Yuan

All ETDs from UAB

The globally growing human population has increased the needs for protein based food. Single cell proteins (SCPs) as unconventional protein source, when coupled to aq-uaculture production, offer a means to ensure future protein needs can be met. To demon-strate a given type of SCP has potential as a protein source for use in aquaculture feed; a number of investigations are needed including demonstrating that the SCP is attractable and accepted by the animals, leads to equivalent survival, growth and nutritional compo-sition. This dissertation represents a series of investigations designed to evaluate the fea-sibility of using a bacterial based (MRD-Pro) and …

Somatic Symptoms And Binge Eating In Women's Daily Lives, Kelly A. Romano, Kristin E. Heron, Kathryn E. Smith, Ross D. Crosby, Scott G. Engel, Stephen A. Wonderlich, Raina D. Pang, Tyler B. Mason

Psychology Faculty Publications

Objective

The present study aimed to determine whether the momentary severity of women's somatic symptoms was concurrently and prospectively associated with their engagement in binge eating in naturalistic settings.

Method

Thirty women (M_age = 34.13, SD = 13.92) who had engaged in binge eating at least once over the month prior to study entry completed a 14-day ecological momentary assessment (EMA) protocol. During each of the 14 days, participants received five semi-random surveys via text message that assessed momentary somatic symptom severity (i.e., headaches, stomachaches/pain, chest/heart pain, faintness/dizziness, shortness of breath, fatigue) and disordered eating behaviors. Generalized estimating equations …

Hot Food Takeaways Around Schools: Can Fast Food Be Healthier?, Claire Louise Turbutt

Other Faculty of Health Theses

Obesity is the greatest global health challenge facing this generation; over half of the adult population are overweight or obese. Calls for food environment interventions include recommendations for restriction or banning of new fast food retailers (FFRs). The Takeaway Toolkit was published by the Chartered Institute of Environmental Health and aimed to alter consumption of unhealthy takeaway food through reformulation and behavioural insights. A systematic review assessing evidence on FFRs in the environment around schools in the United Kingdom (UK) was completed and published. This revealed a research gap around food environment interventions. A study was designed to investigate “the …

Can The Carbon And Nitrogen Isotope Values Of Offspring Be Used As A Proxy For Their Mother's Diet? Using Foetal Physiology To Interpret Bulk Tissue And Amino Acid Δ15N Values, Nico Lübcker, John P. Whiteman, Seth D. Newsome, Robert P. Millar, P.J. Nico De Bruyn

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

The measurement of bulk tissue nitrogen (δ¹⁵N) and carbon isotope values (δ¹³C) chronologically along biologically inert tissues sampled from offspring can provide a longitudinal record of their mothers' foraging habits. This study tested the important assumption that mother-offspring stable isotope values are positively and linearly correlated. In addition, any change in the mother-offspring bulk tissues and individual amino acids that occurred during gestation was investigated. Whiskers sampled from southern elephant seal pups (Mirounga leonina) and temporally overlapping whiskers from their mothers were analyzed. This included n = 1895 chronologically subsampled whisker segments for bulk …

Growth Of Juvenile Red Abalone (Haliotis Rufescens) Fed Different Seaweed-Based Diets, Quinn C. Wulffson

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

The rise of abalone aquaculture has mitigated most of the global demand placed on wild stocks of abalone; however, the current production of abalone relies heavily on naturally harvested kelp. The continued reliance on wild kelp as a feed source further contributes to the disappearance of kelp forests throughout coastal ecosystems. This study aims to better understand how juvenile red abalone Haliotis rufescens grow and utilize nutrients from three diets: a control diet of naturally harvested bull kelp Nereocystis luetkeana, a formulated commercial diet (ABKelp^®), and Pacific dulse Palmaria mollis produced using Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA). Juvenile …

Early Pregnancy After Bariatric Surgery: A Single-Institute Preliminary Experience, Emre Günakan, Hakan Buluş, Yusuf Aytaç Tohma

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Pregnancy after bariatric surgery is an issue of growing importance with increasing number of women undergoing bariatric surgery. Therefore, in this study we present patients who conceived after sleeve gastrectomy and evaluate the obstetric outcomes. Materials and methods: This retrospective case-control study includes 23 women who conceived after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Patients were evaluated in two groups according to the number of months between surgery and conception (group 1: ≤12 months; group 2: >12 months). Results: The mean body mass index of patients before surgery and at the time of conception was 46.6 kg/m2 and 29.7 kg/m2, respectively. Nine …

Resource Selection And Calving Success Of Moose In Colorado, Forest P. Hayes

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Across much of North America, moose populations (Alces alces) are declining due to disease, predation, climate, and anthropogenic pressures. Despite this, populations of moose in Colorado have continued to grow. Studying successful (i.e., persistent or growing) populations of moose can facilitate the continued conservation of the species by identifying habitat features critical for moose persistence.

First, I evaluated calving success of moose in Colorado and the impact of willow habitat quality and nutrition. I then estimated the probability of female moose having a calf using repeated observations in a Bayesian occupancy model. I assigned values for dry matter …

Developmental Mechanisms For The Diversification Of Polyphenic Morphs In The Head Horn Of Onthophagine Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae Onthophagus Taurus): Plasticity Through Nutrition, Logan Paul Zeigler

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Developmental plasticity is the phenotypic variation between organisms that is caused by environmental interactions affecting the developmental systems of organisms. The research focused primarily on nutrition-responsive developmental plasticity. In this research we used the nutritionally determined head horn development of Onthophagus taurus to better understand the developmental mechanisms and genetic underpinnings of nutrition-responsive trait development. We focused specifically on altering the availability of specific nutrition-related primary metabolites, cholesterol and palmitic acid, identified in the activity of The Hedgehog pathway, a critical pathway in head horn development. By altering diet composition using cholesterol, reducing transcript expression of an acyltransferase gene, rasp …

Serving Their Needs: A Qualitative Examination Of Nutrition Policy Implementation In The Early Care And Education Setting, Caree J. Cotwright, Jori Hall, Nicole M. Arrington, Nathalie Celestin, Hayley Sanders, Taylor Ragan, Sarah Stotz, Leann Birch

Journal of the Georgia Public Health Association

Background: Childhood obesity is a growing problem in the United States and results in increased risk for chronic diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, and hypertension. Thirteen percent of youth in Georgia are obese. Identifying strategies to assist children in establishing healthy habits is essential to reduce the risk of childhood obesity. The Early Care and Education (ECE) setting is ideal for the implementation of obesity prevention practices. However, there are barriers present for implementing nutrition policies in this setting. This report explores the implementation of food and beverage best practices in the ECE setting and highlights barriers to and …

Flavonoid Intake And Its Association With Atrial Fibrillation, Nicola P. Bondonno, Kevin Murray, Catherine P. Bondonno, Joshua R. Lewis, Kevin D. Croft, Cecilie Kyro, Gunnar Gislason, Anne Tjonneland, Augustin Scalbert, Aedin Cassidy, Jonathan P. Piccini, Kim Overad, Johnathan M. Hodgson, Frederik Dalgaard

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Background & aims: Primary prevention of atrial fibrillation (AF) through behavioural and dietary modification is a critically important and unmet need. Flavonoids are bioactive dietary compounds with promising cardiovascular health benefits. Our aim was to investigate the association between flavonoid intake and clinically apparent AF. Methods: Baseline data from 55 613 participants of the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health Study, without AF, recruited between 1993 and 1997, were cross-linked with Danish nationwide registries. Total flavonoid and flavonoid subclass intakes were calculated from validated food frequency questionnaires using the Phenol-Explorer database. Associations between flavonoid intake and incident AF (first-time hospitalization or …

Summary Of Nutrition Among Aboriginal And Torres Strait Islander People, Australian Indigenous Healthinfonet

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

No abstract provided.

The Effects Of Vitamin K-Rich Green Leafy Vegetables On Bone Metabolism: A 4-Week Randomised Controlled Trial In Middle-Aged And Older Individuals, Marc Sim, Joshua R. Lewis, Richard L. Prince, Itamar Levinger, Tara C. Brennan-Speranza, Claire Palmer, Catherine P. Bondonno, Nicola P. Bondonno, Amanda Devine, Natalie C. Ward, Elizabeth Byrnes, Carl J. Schultz, Richard Woodman, Kevin Croft, Jonathan M. Hodgson, Lauren C. Blekkenhorst

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Background: High vegetable intake is associated with beneficial effects on bone. However, the mechanisms remain uncertain. Green leafy vegetables are a rich source of vitamin K1, which is known to have large effects on osteoblasts and osteocalcin (OC) metabolism. Objective: To examine the effects of consumption of two to three extra serves of green leafy vegetables daily on bone metabolism. Methods: Thirty individuals (mean age 61.8 ± 9.9 years, 67% male) completed three experimental phases in a randomised controlled crossover design, each lasting four weeks, with a washout period of four weeks between phases (clinical trial registration: ACTRN12615000194561). The three …