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The Tension Between Privacy And Security, Susan Maret, Antoon De Baets Nov 2016

The Tension Between Privacy And Security, Susan Maret, Antoon De Baets

Secrecy and Society

No abstract provided.


Boko Haram Terrorism In The Lake Chad Basin Region: Implications For Subregional Security, Abiodun Joseph Oluwadare Ph.D. Nov 2016

Boko Haram Terrorism In The Lake Chad Basin Region: Implications For Subregional Security, Abiodun Joseph Oluwadare Ph.D.

Journal of International and Global Studies

Terrorist activities in the Lake Chad Basin region of Nigeria, Niger, Chad and Cameroon, have impacted negatively on the security, socio-political and economic situations in the region. This paper investigates the evolution of insurgency and the factors leading to its growth in the region. It also examines its socio-political, economic and security implications. Nigeria, in the centre of the imbroglio, has had no respite from terrorist activities for a long time. Boko Haram has carried out many gun attacks and bombings in many strategic places, including the United Nations building in Abuja, the federal capital city. There have been similar …


Social Media: Insight On The Internal Dynamics Of Mexican Dtos, Ana L. Dávila 7058384 Oct 2016

Social Media: Insight On The Internal Dynamics Of Mexican Dtos, Ana L. Dávila 7058384

Journal of Strategic Security

Recent literature analyzes the use of social media by terrorist organizations, gangs, and other criminal groups. Despite the valuable insight that this approach provides on these actors, the use of social media by Mexican drug trafficking organizations (DTOs) remains largely understudied. This study provides information on the scope and nature of Mexican DTOs’ online presence, a demographic snapshot of their users, and insight into the internal dynamics of these organizations through the systematic study of primary-source data collected from 150 Facebook accounts likely to belong to members of Mexican DTOs. This information gleaned from social media has the potential to …


Dark Territory: The Secret History Of Cyber War. By Fred Kaplan. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2016., Edward M. Roche, Ph.D, J.D., Jul 2016

Dark Territory: The Secret History Of Cyber War. By Fred Kaplan. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2016., Edward M. Roche, Ph.D, J.D.,

Journal of Strategic Security

No abstract provided.


Geopolitics Of The 2015 British Defense White Paper And Its Historical Predecessors, Bert Chapman Feb 2016

Geopolitics Of The 2015 British Defense White Paper And Its Historical Predecessors, Bert Chapman

Libraries Faculty and Staff Scholarship and Research

On November 23, 2015 the United Kingdom (UK) released a defense white paper detailing its national security strategic objectives. This work examines the geopolitical, economic, and strategic implications of this document and compares it with recent and historical defense white paper documents issued by the British government. It scrutinizes the text of these documents and relevant scholarly literature analyzing them while also examining the national security threats facing the UK at the time of their issuance and assesses whether the 2015 document will be supported with requisite political will, military personnel, and financial support to carry out its objectives


American Military Culture And Civil-Military Relations Today, Charles J. Dunlap Jr. Jan 2016

American Military Culture And Civil-Military Relations Today, Charles J. Dunlap Jr.

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.


Prism Vol. 5, No. 4, Center For Complex Operations Jan 2016

Prism Vol. 5, No. 4, Center For Complex Operations

PRISM (Full PDF Issues)

No abstract provided.


Defeating Isis On The Battle Ground As Well As In The Online Battle Space: Considerations Of The “New Normal” And Available Online Weapons In The Struggle Ahead, Anne Speckhard, Ph.D., Ardian Shajkovci, Ph.D., Ahmet S. Yayla, Ph.D. Jan 2016

Defeating Isis On The Battle Ground As Well As In The Online Battle Space: Considerations Of The “New Normal” And Available Online Weapons In The Struggle Ahead, Anne Speckhard, Ph.D., Ardian Shajkovci, Ph.D., Ahmet S. Yayla, Ph.D.

Journal of Strategic Security

The United States and its allies continue to achieve significant military victories against ISIS (otherwise known as ISIL or the “Islamic State”). The loss of territories resulting from military victories is especially important given that ISIS relies in part on recruits from the territories it controls. Efforts have also been directed at killing the group’s core leadership; stemming the flow of foreign fighters to Iraq and Syria through tightening up border security and surveillance; and targeting militant jihadi narratives and propaganda that is pushed out by ISIS on a twenty-four/seven basis via the Internet and social media platforms. In such …


Should The Best Offenses Ever Be A Good Defense: The Public Authority To Use Force In Millitary Operations: Recalibrating The Use Of Force Rules In The Standing Rules Of Engagement, Gary Corn Jan 2016

Should The Best Offenses Ever Be A Good Defense: The Public Authority To Use Force In Millitary Operations: Recalibrating The Use Of Force Rules In The Standing Rules Of Engagement, Gary Corn

Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals

The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff's Standing Rules of Engagement/StandingRules for the Use of Force (SROE/SRUF)for U.S. Forces provides strategic guidance to the armed forces on the authority to use force during all military operations. The standing self-defense rules in the SROE for national, unit, and individual self-defense form the core of these use-of-force authorities. The SROE self-defense rules are incorrectly built on a unitary jus ad bellum framework, legally inapplicable below the level of national self-defense. Coupled with the pressures of sustained counter-insurgency operations, this misalignment of individual and unit self-defense authorities has led to a conflation …


The Usa Patriot Act And Punctuated Equilibrium, Michael Sanders Jan 2016

The Usa Patriot Act And Punctuated Equilibrium, Michael Sanders

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Currently, Title II of the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism (USA PATRIOT Act) Act of 2001 appears to be stalled as a result of controversy over the intent and meaning of the law. Proponents of the title advocate the necessity of the act to combat modern terrorism, whereas opponents warn of circumventions of the Fourth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. Using punctuated equilibrium as the theoretical foundation, the purpose of this case study was to explore the dialogue and legal exchanges between the American Civil Liberties Union and the Department of …


An Assessment Model To Improve National Cyber Security Governance, Bilge Karabacak, Unal Tatar, Adrian Gheorghe Jan 2016

An Assessment Model To Improve National Cyber Security Governance, Bilge Karabacak, Unal Tatar, Adrian Gheorghe

All Faculty and Staff Scholarship

Today, cyber space has been embraced by individuals, organizations and nations as an indispensable instrument of daily life. Accordingly, impact of cyber threats has continuously been increasing. Critical infrastructure protection and fighting against cyber threats are crucial elements of national security agendas of governments. In this regard, governments need to assess the roles and responsibilities of public and private organizations to address the problems of current cyber protection postures and to respond with reorganization and reauthorization of these postures. A risk management approach is critical in placing these efforts in an ongoing lifecycle process. In this paper, a model is …


Obama’S National Security Exceptionalism, Sudha Setty Jan 2016

Obama’S National Security Exceptionalism, Sudha Setty

Faculty Scholarship

This Article discusses how continued national security exceptionalism engenders a view of the United States as considering itself to be above international obligations to investigate and prosecute torturers and war criminals, and the view by the global community that the United States is willing to apply one standard for itself, and another for the rest of the world. Exceptionalism not only poses real challenges in terms of law, morality, and building useful relationships with allied nations, but acts as a step backward for the creation of enforceable international norms and standards, and in efforts to restore a balance in the …


America’S Evolution Of Women And Their Roles In The Intelligence Community, Amy J. Martin Oct 2015

America’S Evolution Of Women And Their Roles In The Intelligence Community, Amy J. Martin

Journal of Strategic Security

The role of women in the Intelligence Community has evolved over time and captures the use of their skills to further assist, perpetuate, and lead intelligence operations globally. This paper serves as a historical overview of some of the techniques of the early female spies and highlights the successes of the modern woman’s contributions to the intelligence mission. Emerging female operations officers often face obstacles: dealing with bias within the bureaucracy, issues of female equality within certain cultures, and experiencing slower rates of promotion. This has meant a lack of females in competitive leadership positions. Female mentors and former intelligence …


All Propaganda Is Dangerous, But Some Are More Dangerous Than Others: George Orwell And The Use Of Literature As Propaganda, Samantha Senn Oct 2015

All Propaganda Is Dangerous, But Some Are More Dangerous Than Others: George Orwell And The Use Of Literature As Propaganda, Samantha Senn

Journal of Strategic Security

The true battles of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union were fought on the ideological front: pitting democracy and capitalism against totalitarianism and communism. The Office of Policy Coordination (OPC) of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) was formed in the late 1940s to help combat the spread of Communism across Europe and in the United States. Part of the “psychological warfare” included the use of propaganda. Around the same time, British author George Orwell had recently published Animal Farm and Nineteen Eighty-Four. Both novels, due to the anti-Communist overtones, were adopted by the OPC …


Eliminating The No Number, No List Response; Keeping The Cia Within The Scope Of The Law Amidst America's Global War On Terror, Joseph Meissner Sep 2015

Eliminating The No Number, No List Response; Keeping The Cia Within The Scope Of The Law Amidst America's Global War On Terror, Joseph Meissner

Nevada Law Journal

No abstract provided.


Terra Incognita: Mapping American Intelligence Education Curriculum, Stephen Coulthart, Matthew Crosston Sep 2015

Terra Incognita: Mapping American Intelligence Education Curriculum, Stephen Coulthart, Matthew Crosston

Journal of Strategic Security

For more than two decades, degree-granting intelligence programs have popped up around the U.S., representing the largest and perhaps most enduring investment in American intelligence education. Scholars have addressed issues in American intelligence education, but to date, there has been no focused study that has mapped and analyzed these programs. This article addresses this gap by answering the questions: What are the American intelligence programs and what content is being taught? We answered this question by systematically identifying all 17 American intelligence education programs (1992-2012). The picture that emerges is one of delayed, but rapid growth: most programs were founded …


Countering Insurgency And The Myth Of “The Cause”, Daniel G. Cox, Alex Ryan Jun 2015

Countering Insurgency And The Myth Of “The Cause”, Daniel G. Cox, Alex Ryan

Journal of Strategic Security

It is possible for an insurgency to develop from a single cause, for the insurgents to identify and communicate this unifying cause to the population, and for the insurgents to remain steadfastly focused even as counterinsurgents undermine their organization and redress the cause. But often the case that there is no single cause, that popular support is mobilized by appealing to multiple motivations, and that by the time counterinsurgents resolve the initial grievance, the insurgency has found alternative justifications to mobilize popular support. Since insurgent leadership is often competent and adaptive, it would be wise to consider the latter scenario …


Law Of War Developments Issue Introduction, David Glazier Apr 2015

Law Of War Developments Issue Introduction, David Glazier

Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review

No abstract provided.


Armed Humanitarian Intervention: The Role Of Powerful Leaders In Framing And The National Security Decision Making Process, John Marshall Callahan Apr 2015

Armed Humanitarian Intervention: The Role Of Powerful Leaders In Framing And The National Security Decision Making Process, John Marshall Callahan

Graduate Program in International Studies Theses & Dissertations

This study identifies and analyzes the decision making and framing processes for selected cases of armed humanitarian intervention by the United States in the post-Cold War Era. It fills a gap in the literature on decision making, focusing on the role of the powerful individual leader in national security decision making and the framing of interventions to the U.S. public and other stakeholder audiences. An examination of extant literature on the subject of U.S. foreign policy decision making, and development and implementation of framing strategies is used to determine the role of the individual leader in those processes using three …


Consequence, Weapons Of Mass Destruction, And The Fourth Amendment's "No-Win" Scenario, Scott J. Glick Jan 2015

Consequence, Weapons Of Mass Destruction, And The Fourth Amendment's "No-Win" Scenario, Scott J. Glick

Indiana Law Journal

No abstract provided.


The Commander In Chief's Authority To Combat Climate Change, Mark P. Nevitt Jan 2015

The Commander In Chief's Authority To Combat Climate Change, Mark P. Nevitt

Faculty Articles

This Article first outlines the myriad national security threats posed by a changing climate, addressing the President’s and Congress’s powers to plan, study, and invest in climate-resilient infrastructure at military installations that are vulnerable to a rise in sea levels. Second, this Article asserts that climate change will stress and test persistent separation of powers concerns at home and abroad. Specifically, the President has less authority to protect military infrastructure domestically in the face of congressional intransigence, but has comparably greater authority as Commander in Chief to respond to climate-induced events abroad. Third, this Article argues that the threat of …


Deterring And Dissuading Cyberterrorism, John J. Klein Jan 2015

Deterring And Dissuading Cyberterrorism, John J. Klein

Journal of Strategic Security

Cyberterrorism, while being written about since the early 2000s, is still not fully understood as a strategic concept and whether such actions can be deterred is hotly contested. Some strategists and policy makers believe that acts of cyberterrorism, especially by non-state actors, may prove to be undeterrable. Yet the leadership of both state and non-state actors tend to act rationally and function strategically, and therefore they can, in fact, be deterred to some degree. Helping to shape the legitimate options following a significant cyberattack, the Law of Armed Conflict has salient considerations for the deterrence of cyberterrorism, particularly the principles …


Using The Oldest Military Force For The Newest National Defense, Brian Claus, Robin A. Gandhi, Julia Rawnsley, John Crowe Jan 2015

Using The Oldest Military Force For The Newest National Defense, Brian Claus, Robin A. Gandhi, Julia Rawnsley, John Crowe

Journal of Strategic Security

The National Guard is establishing Cyber Mission Teams (CMT) that will fulfill a federal role to backfill active duty defending Department of Defense networks, but are also exploring how they could effectively fulfill state missions. The President, Council of Governors, and USCYBERCOM Commander have expressed concerns about U.S. critical infrastructure cyber network vulnerabilities and the increasing magnitude of threat our adversaries pose to those networks’ security. This article explores using this emerging National Guard capability in a state role for protection of critical infrastructure cyber networks. Most of the critical infrastructure is privately owned. Although current executive orders and policy …


The Role Of The Courts In Time Of War, William C. Banks Dec 2014

The Role Of The Courts In Time Of War, William C. Banks

Washington and Lee Law Review Online

The role of the courts in judging the actions of government in wartime has ranged from extreme deference to careful probing of alleged government excesses over more than two centuries. The courts’ record has reflected the nature of the armed conflicts the United States has engaged in and the legal bases for the actions at issue. In the aggregate, the courts have served as a necessary counterweight to government overreaching in times of national security crisis. It is easy to underestimate the institutional problems confronting judges who are asked to make momentous decisions in times of national crisis—difficulties of fact-finding …


Global Sof And Interagency Collaboration, Christopher Lamb Jul 2014

Global Sof And Interagency Collaboration, Christopher Lamb

Journal of Strategic Security

The United States Special Operations Command (USSOCOM) has emphasized the importance of international SOF collaboration, or what USSOCOM refers to as a “global SOF network.” It is difficult to achieve requisite levels of collaboration even among departments and agencies within a single country, much less on an international basis. Yet USSOCOM has been rightly praised for its trailblazing collaboration efforts in counterterrorism operations, so perhaps it can extend successful collaboration to its “global SOF network.” This article argues collaboration lessons from the past decade of counterterrorism operations can be used to facilitate better international SOF collaboration. Even if the lessons …


No More 9/11s: Reconceptualizing National Security And The Creation Of An American Garrison State., Jacob M. Waxman May 2014

No More 9/11s: Reconceptualizing National Security And The Creation Of An American Garrison State., Jacob M. Waxman

Political Science Honors Projects

The NSA’s electronic surveillance program unsettled many Americans as an abuse of government power. In my research I reconcile this program with traditional American civil-military relations and conceptions of national security. I apply these theories to the Cold War and War on Terror, exploring how in both cases the US built a national security state using legislation, bureaucracy, and legitimizing rhetoric to respond to the Soviet and terrorist threats. I find that 9/11 expanded the American conception of national security, which precipitated the NSA surveillance program. Without significant public and Congressional pushback, the current national security state is likely to …


The Nsa In Global Perspective: Surveillance, Human Rights, And International Counterterrorism, Peter Margulies Apr 2014

The Nsa In Global Perspective: Surveillance, Human Rights, And International Counterterrorism, Peter Margulies

Fordham Law Review

No abstract provided.


Is Cyber Deterrence An Illusory Course Of Action?, Emilio Iasiello Apr 2014

Is Cyber Deterrence An Illusory Course Of Action?, Emilio Iasiello

Journal of Strategic Security

With the U.S. government acknowledgement of the seriousness of cyber threats, particularly against its critical infrastructures, as well as the Department of Defense officially labeling cyberspace as a war fighting domain, the Cold War strategy of deterrence is being applied to the cyber domain. However, unlike the nuclear realm, cyber deterrence must incorporate a wide spectrum of potential adversaries of various skill, determination, and capability, ranging from individual actors to state run enterprises. What’s more, the very principles that achieved success in deterring the launch of nuclear weapons during the Cold War, namely the threat of severe retaliation, cannot be …


Amending The Economic Espionage Act To Require The Disclosure Of National Security-Related Technology Thefts, David Orozco Jan 2014

Amending The Economic Espionage Act To Require The Disclosure Of National Security-Related Technology Thefts, David Orozco

Catholic University Law Review

No abstract provided.


Cybersecurity And The Administrative National Security State: Framing The Issues For Federal Legislation, David G. Delaney Jan 2014

Cybersecurity And The Administrative National Security State: Framing The Issues For Federal Legislation, David G. Delaney

Articles by Maurer Faculty

In the digital age, every part of federal government has critical cybersecurity interests. Many of those issues are brought into sharp focus by Edward Snowden's disclosure of sensitive government cyber intelligence programs conducted by the National Security Agency, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and the Central Intelligence Agency. Courts are reviewing various constitutional and statutory challenges to those programs, two government review groups have reported on related legal and policy issues, and Congress is considering cyber intelligence reform proposals. All of this action comes on the heels of significant efforts by successive administrations to restructure government and pass comprehensive cybersecurity …