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The Vertical Structure And Subtidal Dynamics Of The Inner Shelf Off New Jersey, Richard W. Garvine Jan 2004

The Vertical Structure And Subtidal Dynamics Of The Inner Shelf Off New Jersey, Richard W. Garvine

Journal of Marine Research

This paper seeks to exploit a recent data set obtained off the coast of New Jersey, USA in the summer of 1996. The two major objectives are to gain insight into mechanisms controlling the vertical structure, particularly the temperature and density, and into the subtidal frequency dynamics. The setting was strongly affected by three conditions: stratification was high, the bottom slope was comparable to the isopycnal slope, and buoyancy forcing from an upshelf freshwater source was, on average, of the same strength as wind forcing. Bottom mixed layer (bml) and surface mixed layer (sml) thicknesses increased offshore, opposite the sense …

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Interaction Of Transient Shelf Currents With A Buoyancy-Driven Coastal Current, Alexander E. Yankovsky Jan 2004

Interaction Of Transient Shelf Currents With A Buoyancy-Driven Coastal Current, Alexander E. Yankovsky

Journal of Marine Research

Observations on the inner New Jersey shelf (1996) showed that transient wind-driven currents of 3–4-day periods strongly interacted with a buoyancy-driven coastal current (or buoyant plume) originating from the Hudson estuary. In particular, the depth-averaged current fluctuations were amplified in the buoyant water. This phenomenon is studied here using a primitive equation numerical model (SPEM5). Transient (periodic) shelf currents are introduced in the form of incident barotropic shelf waves (BSW). The model domain is an idealized channel with open upstream/downstream boundaries and the depth exponentially increasing offshore, which allows the BSW propagation through the model domain. In most cases, the …

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Using Jgofs In Situ And Ocean Color Data To Compare Biogeochemical Models And Estimate Their Parameters In The Subtropical North Atlantic Ocean, I. Dadou, G. Evans, V. Garçon Jan 2004

Using Jgofs In Situ And Ocean Color Data To Compare Biogeochemical Models And Estimate Their Parameters In The Subtropical North Atlantic Ocean, I. Dadou, G. Evans, V. Garçon

Journal of Marine Research

How well do biogeochemical data sets serve to decide among models and model parameter values? Data at 21N, 31W from the French JGOFS EUMELI cruises and the SeaWiFS ocean color sensor were used to estimate parameters for three very different models of biological nitrogen flux in a water column. The three models are (1) an NPZD (Nutrients, Phytoplankton, Zooplankton and Detritus) model (Oschlies et al., 2000), (2) a seven-component model with two pools of dissolved organic matter and detritus with different remineralization and sinking rates (Dadou et al., 2001) and (3) a model of nutrients and phytoplankton including aggregates (Kriest …

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Regimes Of Low-Frequency Variability In A Three-Layer Quasi-Geostrophic Ocean Model, Janine J. Nauw, Henk A. Dijkstra, Eric Simonnet Jan 2004

Regimes Of Low-Frequency Variability In A Three-Layer Quasi-Geostrophic Ocean Model, Janine J. Nauw, Henk A. Dijkstra, Eric Simonnet

Journal of Marine Research

The temporal variability of the midlatitude double-gyre wind-driven ocean circulation is studied in a three-layer quasi-geostrophic model over a broad range in parameter space. Four different types of flow regimes are found, each characterized by a specific time-mean state and spatio-temporal variability. As the lateral friction is decreased, these regimes are encountered in the following order: the viscous antisymmetric regime, the asymmetric regime, the quasi-homoclinic regime and the inertial antisymmetric regime. The variability in the viscous and the inertial antisymmetric regimes (at high and low lateral friction, respectively) is mainly caused by Rossby basin modes. Low-frequency variability, i.e.on interannual to …

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Observed Mechanisms Of El Nino Sst Evolution In The Pacific, P. Niiler, D. K. Lee, J. Moisan Jan 2004

Observed Mechanisms Of El Nino Sst Evolution In The Pacific, P. Niiler, D. K. Lee, J. Moisan

Journal of Marine Research

Tropical Pacific Ocean SST and velocity observations are used to construct NINO3 and NINO4 area average, 20-year long interannual time series of local and advective convergences of thermal energy. The variability of the sum of these observed convergences in each region is balanced by the vertical convergence of thermal energy due to the latent surface flux (86% in NINO3; 84% in NINO4). The latitude scale of the El Nino SST anomalies is shown to be equal to the ratio of the poleward mean speed of water parcels to the time scale at which thermal energy is given back to the …

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Invertebrate Larval Availability During Summer Upwelling And Downwelling On The Inner Continental Shelf Off New Jersey, Hongguang Ma, Judith P. Grassle Jan 2004

Invertebrate Larval Availability During Summer Upwelling And Downwelling On The Inner Continental Shelf Off New Jersey, Hongguang Ma, Judith P. Grassle

Journal of Marine Research

This study examined the effects of wind-driven, cross-shelf circulation on invertebrate larval supply to benthic habitats on the inner continental shelf off Tuckerton, New Jersey, USA. Study sites were located along an inshore/offshore transect in the LEO-15 research area at Beach Haven Ridge, a 12–20 m deep, shore-oblique sand ridge. Meroplankton was sampled using Moored, Automated, Serial Zooplankton Pumps which were programmed to take 250-l samples, ~1 m above the bottom, every 4 h. Upwelling and downwelling conditions were characterized using wind data from the nearby meteorological tower at the Rutgers University Marine Field Station, and bottom temperatures from LEO-15 …

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Baroclinic Boundary Currents With Downstream Decreasing Buoyancy: A Study Of An Idealized Nordic Seas System, Gösta Walin, Göran Brostrom, Johan Nilsson, Olof Dahl Jan 2004

Baroclinic Boundary Currents With Downstream Decreasing Buoyancy: A Study Of An Idealized Nordic Seas System, Gösta Walin, Göran Brostrom, Johan Nilsson, Olof Dahl

Journal of Marine Research

The dynamics of a baroclinic boundary current losing buoyancy along its path is analyzed both theoretically and using a numerical ocean-circulation model. A fundamental ingredient in our analysis is that the side boundaries of the ocean basin are sloping gently down to the deep ocean. Theoretically we find that the coastal boundary current develops two branches: one seaward baroclinic jetstream and one barotropic current, which is confined to the continental slope. The baroclinic jetstream decreases its transport as the buoyancy is lost from the surface layer. This decrease in transport is compensated by an increase in the barotropic flow on …

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An Experimental Study Of A Mesoscale Vortex Colliding With Topography Of Varying Geometry In A Rotating Fluid, Claudia Adduce, Claudia Cenedese Jan 2004

An Experimental Study Of A Mesoscale Vortex Colliding With Topography Of Varying Geometry In A Rotating Fluid, Claudia Adduce, Claudia Cenedese

Journal of Marine Research

The interaction of a self-propagating barotropic cyclonic vortex with an obstacle has been investigated and the conditions for a vortex to bifurcate into two vortices determined. As in a previous study, after a self-propagating cyclonic vortex came into contact with the obstacle, fluid peeled off the outer edge of the vortex and a so-called "streamer" went around the obstacle in a counterclockwise direction. Under certain conditions, this fluid formed a new cyclonic vortex in the wake of the obstacle, causing bifurcation of the original vortex into two vortices. In the present study we performed three sets of idealized laboratory experiments …

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Factors Influencing Organic Carbon Recycling And Burial In Skagerrak Sediments, H. Ståhl, A. Tengberg, J. Brunnegård, E. Bjørnbom, T. L. Forbes, A. B. Josefson, H. G. Kaberi, I. M. Karle Hassellöv, F. Olsgard, P. Roos, P. O. J. Hall Jan 2004

Factors Influencing Organic Carbon Recycling And Burial In Skagerrak Sediments, H. Ståhl, A. Tengberg, J. Brunnegård, E. Bjørnbom, T. L. Forbes, A. B. Josefson, H. G. Kaberi, I. M. Karle Hassellöv, F. Olsgard, P. Roos, P. O. J. Hall

Journal of Marine Research

Different factors influencing recycling and burial rates of organic carbon (OC) were investigated in the continental margin sediments of the Skagerrak (NE North Sea). Two different areas, one in the southern and one in the northeastern part of the Skagerrak were visited shortly after a spring bloom (March 1999) and in late summer (August 2000). Results suggested that: (1) Organic carbon oxidation rates (Cox) (2.2–18 mmol C m-2d-11) were generally larger than the O2 uptake rates (1.9 –25 mmol m-2d-1). Both rates were measured in situ using a benthic …

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Interpreting Wind-Driven Southern Ocean Variability In A Stochastic Framework, Philip Sura, Sarah T. Gille Jan 2003

Interpreting Wind-Driven Southern Ocean Variability In A Stochastic Framework, Philip Sura, Sarah T. Gille

Journal of Marine Research

A stochastic model is derived from wind stress and bottom pressure gauge data to examine the response of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) transport to wind stress forcing. A general method is used to estimate the drift and diffusion coefficients of a continuous stationary Markovian system. As a first approximation, the response of the ACC to wind stress forcing can be described by a multivariate Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process: Gaussian red noise wind stress drives the evolution of the ACC transport, which is damped by a linear drag term. The model indicates that about 30(±10)% of ACC variability is directly driven by …

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A Generic Length-Scale Equation For Geophysical Turbulence Models, L. Umlauf, H. Burchard Jan 2003

A Generic Length-Scale Equation For Geophysical Turbulence Models, L. Umlauf, H. Burchard

Journal of Marine Research

A generalization of a class of differential length-scale equations typically used in second-order turbulence models for oceanic flows is suggested. Commonly used models, like the k-ε model and the Mellor-Yamada model, can be recovered as special cases of this generic model, and thus can be rationally compared. In addition, a method is proposed that yields a generalized framework for the calibration of the most frequently used class of differential length-scale equations. The generic model, calibrated with this method, exhibits a greater range of applicability than any of the traditional models. Stratified flows, plane mixing layers, and turbulence introduced by …

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Relative Dispersion At The Surface Of The Gulf Of Mexico, J. H. Lacasce, Carter Ohlmann Jan 2003

Relative Dispersion At The Surface Of The Gulf Of Mexico, J. H. Lacasce, Carter Ohlmann

Journal of Marine Research

We examine the relative motion of pairs and triplets of surface drifters in the Gulf of Mexico. The mean square pair separations grow exponentially in time from the smallest resolved scale (1 km) to 40-50 km, with an e-folding time of 2-3 days. Thereafter, the dispersion exhibits a power law dependence on time with an exponent of between 2 and 3 (depending on the measure used) up to scales of several hundred kilometers. The straining is for the most part isotropic, with only weak regional variations. But there are suggestions of anisotropy in the western basin, probably due to boundary …

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Control Of Black Sea Intermediate Water Mass Formation By Dynamics And Topography: Comparison Of Numerical Simulations, Surveys And Satellite Data, Emil V. Stanev, Malcolm J. Bowman, Elissaveta L. Peneva, Joanna V. Staneva Jan 2003

Control Of Black Sea Intermediate Water Mass Formation By Dynamics And Topography: Comparison Of Numerical Simulations, Surveys And Satellite Data, Emil V. Stanev, Malcolm J. Bowman, Elissaveta L. Peneva, Joanna V. Staneva

Journal of Marine Research

The processes of cold intermediate water (CIW) formation in the Black Sea are quantified by analyzing the results of numerical simulations using the Modular Ocean Model (MOM) plus observations obtained from both hydrographic surveys and the TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter. In the first phase of integration the model is forced with seasonally-variable atmospheric data. After reaching a quasi-periodic state, the integration is continued using forcing data for the period 1991-1994 provided by the United Kingdom Meteorological Office. The performance of the model is assessed in reproducing the dominant physical mechanisms that control the process and rate of CIW formation, viz., circulation, vertical …

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On The Generation Of North Brazil Current Rings, Markus Jochum, Paola Malanotte-Rizzoli Jan 2003

On The Generation Of North Brazil Current Rings, Markus Jochum, Paola Malanotte-Rizzoli

Journal of Marine Research

A high resolution general circulation model (OGCM) is used to investigate the life cycle of North Brazil Current (NBC) rings. The focus of the study is on explaining the generation mechanisms of the rings and their vertical structure. The OGCM is used in a configuration simplified as much as possible but capable of reproducing a realistic mean circulation of the tropical Atlantic. Three numerical experiments are analyzed: no wind; steady wind; seasonally varying winds. With wind forcing, a consistent scenario emerges for the generation of NBC rings. It is shown first that the NECC is barotropically unstable, radiating Rossby waves …

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Relations Between Local, Nonlocal, Discrete And Continuous Models Of Bioturbation, Filip J. R. Meysman, Bernard P. Boudreau, Jack J. Middelburg Jan 2003

Relations Between Local, Nonlocal, Discrete And Continuous Models Of Bioturbation, Filip J. R. Meysman, Bernard P. Boudreau, Jack J. Middelburg

Journal of Marine Research

A general framework is proposed that classifies existing bioturbation models according to two dividing lines: discrete/semi-discrete/continuous and local/nonlocal. Based on a common stochastic approach, which models biological reworking of particles as a position jump process, the relationships among the different model classes are exposed and the assumptions underlying each model are explicitly derived. We find that discrete/semi-discrete/continuous formulations are principally equivalent, leaving two basic modeling formalisms: (1) the more inclusive nonlocal exchange formalism and (2) the local biodiffusion model, which is obtained as a special case of the former. Three fundamental criteria determine the applicability of these formalisms, termed the …

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Wave-Induced Boundary Mixing In A Partially Mixed Estuary, Daniel Bourgault, Daniel E. Kelley Jan 2003

Wave-Induced Boundary Mixing In A Partially Mixed Estuary, Daniel Bourgault, Daniel E. Kelley

Journal of Marine Research

We present observations that reveal the existence of horizontally propagating, tidally-driven, high-frequency internal wave (IW) packets in a channel of the partially mixed St. Lawrence Estuary. The packets propagate transversely to the channel axis and collide with the shoaling lateral boundaries. The structure and energy of IWs are diagnosed with a two-dimensional, nonlinear nonhydrostatic model, and the results are compared with weakly nonlinear Korteweg-de-Vries (KdV) theory. The behavior of IWs running into the shoaling lateral boundary is examined in terms of published laboratory and numerical experiments. Our analysis indicates that IWs break on the slope, during which 6% of their …

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Intermediate Water Masses Off South-Southwest Portugal: Chemical Tracers, Graça Cabeçadas, Maria J. Brogueira, Célia Gonçalves Jan 2003

Intermediate Water Masses Off South-Southwest Portugal: Chemical Tracers, Graça Cabeçadas, Maria J. Brogueira, Célia Gonçalves

Journal of Marine Research

Biogeochemical tracers, as dissolved oxygen and nutrients, were measured during several surveys carried out between 1999 and 2001, off south-southwestern Portugal. The dense vertical and horizontal sampling allows the extensions of intermediate water masses present in the region to be resolved. A subsurface minimum salinity water layer, exhibiting values of apparent oxygen utilization (AOU) in the range 40 – 60 μmol/kg and intruding into the study area mainly from the south-southwest, is proposed to be a remnant of the Subarctic Intermediate Water (SAIW). A deeper salinity minimum displaying high concentrations of nutrients and AOU (~100 μmol/kg) and identified as a …

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The Effect Of Fiddler Crab Burrowing On Sediment Mixing And Radionuclide Profiles Along A Topographic Gradient In A Southeastern Salt Marsh, Barbara J. Mccraith, Leonard R. Gardner, David S. Wethey, Willard S. Moore Jan 2003

The Effect Of Fiddler Crab Burrowing On Sediment Mixing And Radionuclide Profiles Along A Topographic Gradient In A Southeastern Salt Marsh, Barbara J. Mccraith, Leonard R. Gardner, David S. Wethey, Willard S. Moore

Journal of Marine Research

Fiddler crabs are one of the principal agents of bioturbation in intertidal salt marshes. The physical, chemical, and biological properties of sediments can be modified by fiddler crab burrowing activity. This study examined the effect of fiddler crab burrowing on sediment reworking and the distributions of 210Pb and 137Cs in salt marsh sediments at North Inlet Estuary, South Carolina. Fiddler crab burrow density, turnover, and volume were measured along a transect from the forest to the creek bank. Burrow density ranged between 40 and 300 burrows m-2 with highest densities at the creek bank. Sediment reworking is …

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Upper Ocean Control On The Solubility Pump Of Co2, Takamitsu Ito, Michael J. Follows Jan 2003

Upper Ocean Control On The Solubility Pump Of Co2, Takamitsu Ito, Michael J. Follows

Journal of Marine Research

We develop and test a theory for the relationship of atmospheric p CO2 and the solubility pump of CO2 in an abiotic ocean. The solubility pump depends on the hydrographic structure of the ocean and the degree of saturation of the waters. The depth of thermocline sets the relative volume of warm and cold waters, which sets the mean solubility of CO2 in the ocean. The degree of saturation depends on the surface residence time of the waters. We develop a theory describing how atmospheric CO2 varies with diapycnal diffusivity and wind stress in a simple, …

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How Estuaries Work: A Charlotte Harbor Example, Robert H. Weisberg, Lianyuan Zheng Jan 2003

How Estuaries Work: A Charlotte Harbor Example, Robert H. Weisberg, Lianyuan Zheng

Journal of Marine Research

We consider the time-averaged, estuarine circulation through a control volume analysis of its mechanical energy balance; hence the title of our paper: "How estuaries work." The venue is the Charlotte Harbor on Florida's west coast, and the analysis medium is the primitive equation ECOM3D-si model. We are motivated by an estuary classification dilemma. Being that estuarine circulation is buoyancy driven by the horizontal salinity gradient, and that the gradient increases with increasing vertical mixing as the salinity isolines rotate from horizontal to vertical, it follows that an increase in mixing should lead to an increase in circulation. Yet, at some …

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Form, Performance And Trade-Offs In Swimming And Stability Of Armed Larvae, Daniel Grünbaum, Richard R. Strathmann Jan 2003

Form, Performance And Trade-Offs In Swimming And Stability Of Armed Larvae, Daniel Grünbaum, Richard R. Strathmann

Journal of Marine Research

Diverse larval forms swim and feed with ciliary bands on arms or analogous structures. Armed morphologies are varied: numbers, lengths, and orientations of arms differ among species, change through development, and can be plastic in response to physiological or environmental conditions. A hydromechanical model of idealized equal-armed larvae was used to examine functional consequences of these varied arm arrangements for larval swimming performance. With effects of overall size, ciliary tip speed, and viscosity factored out, the model suggested trade-offs between morphological traits conferring high swimming speed and weight-carrying ability in still water (generally few arms and low arm elevations), and …

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Stability Of The Global Ocean Circulation: The Connection Of Equilibria Within A Hierarchy Of Models, Henk A. Dijkstra, Wilbert Weijer Jan 2003

Stability Of The Global Ocean Circulation: The Connection Of Equilibria Within A Hierarchy Of Models, Henk A. Dijkstra, Wilbert Weijer

Journal of Marine Research

We address the problem of the multiple equilibria of the thermohaline circulation in a hierarchy of models. The understanding of the relation between bifurcation diagrams of box models, two-dimensional models and those of a global ocean general circulation model, is facilitated through analysis of the equilibrium solutions of a three-dimensional Atlantic-like sector model with an open southern channel. Using this configuration, the subtle effects of the wind-stress field, the effects of continental asymmetry and the asymmetry in the surface freshwater flux can be systematically studied. The results clarify why there is an asymmetric Atlantic circulation under a near equatorially-symmetric buoyancy …

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The Characteristics Of The Recirculating Bulge Region In Coastal Buoyant Outflows, Greg Avicola, Pablo Huq Jan 2003

The Characteristics Of The Recirculating Bulge Region In Coastal Buoyant Outflows, Greg Avicola, Pablo Huq

Journal of Marine Research

A relatively large recirculating gyre, or bulge (anticyclonic buoyant lens) region attached to the source has been observed to occur in some numerical simulations and in some oceanic outflows. The purpose of this paper is to determine the dynamics of such recirculating bulge regions. Laboratory experiments were conducted for the purpose of examining the characteristics, evolution, and impact of a recirculating bulge in a coastal buoyant outflow. All experiments were performed such that the buoyant layer was thin compared to the total water depth, and the width of the bay exit was approximately equal to the internal Rossby deformation radius …

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Reply To: “Comments On ‘A Generic Length-Scale Equation For Geophysical Turbulence Models’ ”By L. Kantha And S. Carniel, Lars Umlauf, Hans Burchard Jan 2003

Reply To: “Comments On ‘A Generic Length-Scale Equation For Geophysical Turbulence Models’ ”By L. Kantha And S. Carniel, Lars Umlauf, Hans Burchard

Journal of Marine Research

Recently, Kantha and Carniel (2003) commented on some earlier work of Kantha (2003) and Umlauf and Burchard (2003) on the formulation of a generalized length-scale equation in Reynolds stress models for geophysical flows. With the present short note, we respond to their major criticism of the Umlauf and Burchard (2003) generic two-equation model...

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Seasonal To Interannual Upper-Ocean Variability In The Drake Passage, Janet Sprintall Jan 2003

Seasonal To Interannual Upper-Ocean Variability In The Drake Passage, Janet Sprintall

Journal of Marine Research

Year-round monitoring of the upper-ocean temperature variability in Drake Passage has been undertaken since September 1996 through repeat expendable bathythermograph (XBT) surveys. The closely spaced measurements (6-15 km apart) provide the first multi-year time series for examining seasonal to interannual variability in this Southern Ocean choke point. While the temperature sections reveal the seasonal variability in water mass formation of the upper layer, there was no seasonal signal evident below 200 m. Similarly, there was little seasonal cycle evident in the position of the Subantarctic Front, the Polar Front and the Southern Antarctic Circumpolar Current Front associated with the Antarctic …

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The Influence Of Macrofaunal Burrow Spacing And Diffusive Scaling On Sedimentary Nitrification And Denitrification: An Experimental Simulation And Model Approach, Franck Gilbert, Robert C. Aller, Stefan Hulth Jan 2003

The Influence Of Macrofaunal Burrow Spacing And Diffusive Scaling On Sedimentary Nitrification And Denitrification: An Experimental Simulation And Model Approach, Franck Gilbert, Robert C. Aller, Stefan Hulth

Journal of Marine Research

The influence of burrow spacing on sedimentary nitrification and denitrification was simulated experimentally using sediment plugs of different thicknesses immersed in aerated seawater reservoirs. Different plug thicknesses mimic different distances between oxygenated burrow centers and produce similar changes in aerobic-anaerobic reaction balances as a function of diffusive transport scaling. The thicknesses used were roughly equivalent to transport scales (interburrow spacing) that could be produced by burrow abundances of ~400 to 50,000 m-2, depending on burrow lumen radii (e.g., 0.05-1 cm). Following the exposure of anoxic sediment plugs to aerated water, an efficient aerobic nitrification zone was established within …

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Initiation Of A Doubly Diffusive Convection In A Stable Halocline, Melvin E. Stern Jan 2003

Initiation Of A Doubly Diffusive Convection In A Stable Halocline, Melvin E. Stern

Journal of Marine Research

A vertically stable density stratification with temperature gradient Tz < 0, salinity gradient Sz < 0, and with density compensating horizontal T/S gradients is unstable to lateral intrusions because the molecular heat diffusivity is much larger than the salt diffusivity. Previous marginal instability theory is extended to the supercritical regime. The fastest growing vertical wavelength (δz) is obtained in a model of a T/S front with finite lateral width (L*) and lateral salinity variation (ΔS). The value of δz ≈ ΔS/|Sz| varies only slightly with the parameters, and this result is applied to the smallest "step" …

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Variation Of Nonlocal Irrigation In A Subtidal Benthic Community, Stefan Forster, Arzhang Khalili, Jarmila Kitlar Jan 2003

Variation Of Nonlocal Irrigation In A Subtidal Benthic Community, Stefan Forster, Arzhang Khalili, Jarmila Kitlar

Journal of Marine Research

Irrigation, the effect of the pumping activity by benthic infauna on pore water solute distribution and fluxes, may be represented by a nonlocal irrigation function, α (units: 1/time) in the general diagenetic equation. We derived α from the distribution of a solute tracer, bromide, during laboratory incubations of sediment cores containing their natural faunal community. Sediments were sampled on 4 occasions over a period of one year from a site at 30 m depth in the southern North Sea. Fitting an irrigation function exponentially decaying with depth, we arrived at α-values ranging from 25 to >200 yr-1 at the sediment …

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The Pacific/Indian Ocean Pressure Difference And Its Influence On The Indonesian Seas Circulation: Part I—The Study With Specified Total Transports, William H. Burnett, Vladimir M. Kamenkovich, Arnold L. Gordon, George L. Mellor Jan 2003

The Pacific/Indian Ocean Pressure Difference And Its Influence On The Indonesian Seas Circulation: Part I—The Study With Specified Total Transports, William H. Burnett, Vladimir M. Kamenkovich, Arnold L. Gordon, George L. Mellor

Journal of Marine Research

The main objective of this paper is to investigate the overall balance of momentum and energy within the Indonesian Seas to better understand the factors that control the total transport of the Indonesian Throughflow. Two models are used in the investigation: a "first-step" heuristic channel model and a more sophisticated "second-step," barotropic numerical model that incorporates high-resolution coastline and bottom topography. The experiments show that the barotropic model develops typical horizontal circulation patterns for the region. An analysis of the overall momentum and energy balances suggests that the total transport of the Indonesian Throughflow does not depend exclusively on the …

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The Pacific/Indian Ocean Pressure Difference And Its Influence On The Indonesian Seas Circulation: Part Ii—The Study With Specified Sea-Surface Heights, Vladimir M. Kamenkovich, William H. Burnett, Arnold L. Gordon, George L. Mellor Jan 2003

The Pacific/Indian Ocean Pressure Difference And Its Influence On The Indonesian Seas Circulation: Part Ii—The Study With Specified Sea-Surface Heights, Vladimir M. Kamenkovich, William H. Burnett, Arnold L. Gordon, George L. Mellor

Journal of Marine Research

In Part II we construct new numerical solutions to further analyze our results in Part I (Burnett et al., 2003), that indicate the lack of a unique relationship between the Pacific/Indian Ocean pressure difference and the total transport of the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF). These new solutions involve perturbations of the sea level relative to the original solutions. We present detailed analyses of the overall momentum and energy balances for these new solutions to stay consistent with the procedures developed in Part I. The results validate our conclusions regarding the lack of a unique relationship between the pressure head and the …

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