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Meteorology

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Articles 1921 - 1950 of 2497

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On The Theory Of Continental Shelf Waves, Lawrence A. Mysak Jan 1967

On The Theory Of Continental Shelf Waves, Lawrence A. Mysak

Journal of Marine Research

This paper considers the response of the sea surface to a low-frequency long-wavelength plane-wave pressure distribution that progresses eastward across a large circular continent having a narrow sloping shelf that drops off vertically to a flat ocean basin....

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Thrust-Anemometer Measurements Of Wind-Velocity Spectra And Of Reynolds Stress Over A Coastal Inlet, Stuart D. Smith Jan 1967

Thrust-Anemometer Measurements Of Wind-Velocity Spectra And Of Reynolds Stress Over A Coastal Inlet, Stuart D. Smith

Journal of Marine Research

The thrust anemometer is an instrument designed to measure the three components of wind-velocity fluctuations in the atmospheric boundary layer over the sea surface, as required for the calculation of Rey nolds stress of the wind on the sea….

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The Intersection Between The Mid-Atlantic Ridge And The Vema Fracture Zone In The North Atlantic, Tjeerd H. Van Andel, John B. Corliss, Vaughan T. Bowen Jan 1967

The Intersection Between The Mid-Atlantic Ridge And The Vema Fracture Zone In The North Atlantic, Tjeerd H. Van Andel, John B. Corliss, Vaughan T. Bowen

Journal of Marine Research

Near 11°N, the Mid-Atlantic Ridge is offset by the Verna Fracture. The hypothesis of sea-floor spreading has suggested that the fracture is a transform fault, and this has been confirmed by the first motion studies of recent earthquakes along the fracture. The fault zone is developed as a deep and narrow east-west trending through, bordered on the south side by a high and steep rocky wall representing an uplifted slice of crust....

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On Weather-Induced Long Waves In The Equatorial Pacific, Gordon W. Groves, Motoyasu Miyata Jan 1967

On Weather-Induced Long Waves In The Equatorial Pacific, Gordon W. Groves, Motoyasu Miyata

Journal of Marine Research

The entire available historic record of sea level and surface weather at Canton Island, Phoenix Islands, has been used to study linear relationships in the frequency range 0 to 0.8 cycles per day. Peaks in the sea-level spectrum at periods of four days and five days are strongly coherent with local weather, especially the meridional wind component. Thus the possibility that these oscillations are a manifestation of a global seiche is doubtful.

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New Tables For Oxygen Saturation Of Seawater, E. J. Green, D. E. Carritt Jan 1967

New Tables For Oxygen Saturation Of Seawater, E. J. Green, D. E. Carritt

Journal of Marine Research

This paper presents new tables and a nomogram for the calculation of oxygen saturation values of pure water and of seawater. The tables are based on recent car eful determinations of the Bunsen absorption coefficient for oxygen and on accepted values of the vapor pressure of water.

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Mineralogy And Petrology Of Some Mid-Atlantic Ridge Sediments, Raymond Siever, Miriam Kastner Jan 1967

Mineralogy And Petrology Of Some Mid-Atlantic Ridge Sediments, Raymond Siever, Miriam Kastner

Journal of Marine Research

Coarse and fine fractions of samples from dredge hauls and cor es taken in a detailed survey in the area of 22°N on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge were studied by x-ray diffraction and petrographic microscopy.

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On The Generation Of Ocean Wind Waves As Inferred From Airborne Radar Measurements Of Fetch-Limited Spectra, T. P. Barnett, J. C. Wilkerson Jan 1967

On The Generation Of Ocean Wind Waves As Inferred From Airborne Radar Measurements Of Fetch-Limited Spectra, T. P. Barnett, J. C. Wilkerson

Journal of Marine Research

A section of sea surface that had been subjected to a constant offshore wind was profiled by using an airborne radar-wave profiler. The profiles extended seaward from the coast for a distance of 350 km . From these data, estimates of the spectrum of encounter of the sea surface were obtained for different fetch lengths....

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Biological And Physical Observations On A Phosphorescent Bay In Falmouth Harbor, Jamaica, W. I., W. Rowland Taylor, H. H. Seliger, W. G. Fastie, W. D. Mcelroy Jan 1966

Biological And Physical Observations On A Phosphorescent Bay In Falmouth Harbor, Jamaica, W. I., W. Rowland Taylor, H. H. Seliger, W. G. Fastie, W. D. Mcelroy

Journal of Marine Research

A general description of a phosphorescent bay on the northern shore of Jamaica, West Indies, is presented. The brilliant bioluminescence in this embayment is due to the large armored dinoflagellate, Pyrodinium bahamense. It was found in cell densities as high as 200,000 cells/liter. Using a submersible spectrometer, the bioluminescent emission spectrum of these organisms was found to peak at 476 mµ....

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Characteristics Of A Red-Water Bloom In Kingston Harbor, Jamaica, W. I., D. M. Steven Jan 1966

Characteristics Of A Red-Water Bloom In Kingston Harbor, Jamaica, W. I., D. M. Steven

Journal of Marine Research

A red-water bloom in Kingston Harbor, Jamaica, in October 1962 is described and discussed. The red water occurred during a brief period at the peak of a growth and decay cycle of a population of Exuviella sp. For several months before, during, and after the bloom, data on carbon fixation, chlorophyll, phytoplankton and nutrient concentrations were obtained at a station close to the bloom in Kingston Harbor and at another station in the Caribbean Sea.

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Quasigeostrophic Free Oscillations In Enclosed Basins, Maurice Rattray Jr., Robert L. Charnell Jan 1966

Quasigeostrophic Free Oscillations In Enclosed Basins, Maurice Rattray Jr., Robert L. Charnell

Journal of Marine Research

Solutions are obtained for quasigeostrophic free oscillations in enclosed basins of dimensions comparable to the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian oceans. The lower-order baroclinic oscillations are r estri cted to the regions adjacent to the eq uator or the ocean boundaries, and for each basin the oscillations have an estimated minimum period of about 20 days. The barotropic oscillations fill the complete basin and have minimum periods varying from an estimated 2.7 days in the Pacific Ocean (wave length 14,900 km) to 3.8 days in the Indian Ocean (wave length 10,400 km)....

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Modifications Of The Pisa Tube And Some Results From Observations Off Cape Point, C. P. Duncan Jan 1966

Modifications Of The Pisa Tube And Some Results From Observations Off Cape Point, C. P. Duncan

Journal of Marine Research

Twelve stations were worked from 6 to 8 July 1965 aboard the R.S. SARDINOPS in a tight grid of three lines between Cape Town and the Cape of Good Hope, one line of four stations being worked each day. One subsurface current observation was made at each station with a Pisa Current Indicator (Carruthers Jelly Bottle). Results show three cyclonic eddies, with upwelling at each eddy. Surface flow, as shown by ship drift, bears no relationship to subsurface flow, possibly because of the strong thermocline throughout the area.

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The Temperature Tolerances Of Three Species Of Marine Fishes, James G. Hoff, James R. Westman Jan 1966

The Temperature Tolerances Of Three Species Of Marine Fishes, James G. Hoff, James R. Westman

Journal of Marine Research

The temperature tolerances of three species of marine fishes----Menidia menidia (common silverside), Pseudopleuronectes americanus (winter flounder), and Spheroides maculatus (northern swellfish)-have been determined. Following calculation of the median tolerance limit for various exposure times over a range of acclimation temperatures, the thermal tolerance was determined on a square graph by plotting lethal temperature against acclimation temperature. The tolerances determined are: 715°C squared for M. menidia; 635°C or 685°C squared for P. americanus, with cold tolerance limits of 1°C or 0°C, respectively; and 550°C squared for S. maculatus.

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A Field Study Of The Wind Generation Of Ocean Waves, Russell L. Snyder, Charles S. Cox Jan 1966

A Field Study Of The Wind Generation Of Ocean Waves, Russell L. Snyder, Charles S. Cox

Journal of Marine Research

This paper describes a series of field experiments that provide growth curves and wind histories for waves of wave length r 7 m. In each of 29 runs of from 1 to 4 hours, a directional wave recorder with an effective beam width of 20 degrees was towed downwind at the group velocity of these waves starting from a windward shore....

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Mineralogy Of Tongue Of The Ocean Sediments, Orrin H. Pilkey, James B. Rucker Jan 1966

Mineralogy Of Tongue Of The Ocean Sediments, Orrin H. Pilkey, James B. Rucker

Journal of Marine Research

The carbonate mineralogy of 25 short cores from the Tongue of the Ocean has been determined. Evidence presented in this paper indicates that carbonate mineralogy may reflect Pleistocene sea-level changes due to an increased contribution of low magnesium calcite from the subaerially exposed Bahama Banks when sea levels were low. It is suggested that this relationship of mineralogy to sea level may find wide application in the study of carbonate sedimentation in intermediate-depth water, proximal to carbonate banks.

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On The Influence Of The Peripheral Antarctic Water Discharge On The Dynamics Of The Circumpolar Current, Victor Barcilon Jan 1966

On The Influence Of The Peripheral Antarctic Water Discharge On The Dynamics Of The Circumpolar Current, Victor Barcilon

Journal of Marine Research

The discharge of water caused by melting, ablation, and glacial run-off along the coastline of Antarctica produces a westward zonal flow that could partly counteract the eastward wind-driven current.

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An Investigation Into The Wind As The Cause Of Equatorial Undercurrent, A. R. Robinson Jan 1966

An Investigation Into The Wind As The Cause Of Equatorial Undercurrent, A. R. Robinson

Journal of Marine Research

A theoretical investigation is made of the wind as the possible cause of equatorial undercurrent. A uniform wind is allowed to stress a finite-depth ocean of infinite extent. All latitudinal current variations are β effects. The singular behavior of the flow is studied equatorward from midlatitudes. Next, the equatorial current is found to be strongly dependent on an assumed constant Austausch coefficient....

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A Study Of Photosynthetic Light Reactions, And A New Interpretation Of Sun And Shade Phytoplankton, Charles S. Yentsch, Robert W. Lee Jan 1966

A Study Of Photosynthetic Light Reactions, And A New Interpretation Of Sun And Shade Phytoplankton, Charles S. Yentsch, Robert W. Lee

Journal of Marine Research

The r elationship of photosynthesis to light intensity is examined, using phytoplankton cultured in different environments. The graphical means used in presenting the data are shown, and the desirability of normalizing the curves is discussed….

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Comparison And Evaluation Of Currently Employed Modifications Of The Winkler Method For Determining Dissolved Oxygen In Seawater; A Nasco Report, Dayton E. Carritt, James H. Carpenter Jan 1966

Comparison And Evaluation Of Currently Employed Modifications Of The Winkler Method For Determining Dissolved Oxygen In Seawater; A Nasco Report, Dayton E. Carritt, James H. Carpenter

Journal of Marine Research

This report discusses the basic chemistry of the Winkler procedure as well as various results obtained from fi eld and laborator y studies and experiments designed to determine the accuracy or precision of measuring the concentration of dissolved oxygen in seawater with currently used modifications of the Winkler method....

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A Sea-Bottom Sampler That Collects Both Water And Sediment Simultaneously, David R. Schink, Kent A. Fanning, John Piety Jan 1966

A Sea-Bottom Sampler That Collects Both Water And Sediment Simultaneously, David R. Schink, Kent A. Fanning, John Piety

Journal of Marine Research

A simple sampler, assembled mainly from commercially available eq uipment, is described. It simultaneously collects water samples at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 m above the sea floor and takes a short core at the same location.

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The Use Of Pco2 For The Calculation Of Biological Production, With Examples From Waters Off Massachusetts, John M. Teal, John Kanwisher Jan 1966

The Use Of Pco2 For The Calculation Of Biological Production, With Examples From Waters Off Massachusetts, John M. Teal, John Kanwisher

Journal of Marine Research

The use of pCO2 for the study of biological production in natural waters has advantages over the use of oxygen related to the persistence of changes in pCO2, the magnitude of the changes, and the possibility of making continuous recordings of surface-water pCO2 from a ship underway. The method of calculating biological production is discussed and illustrated with data from coastal waters off Massachusetts.

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Direct Measurements Of The Atlantic Equatorial Undercurrent, M. C. Stalcup, W. G. Metcalf Jan 1966

Direct Measurements Of The Atlantic Equatorial Undercurrent, M. C. Stalcup, W. G. Metcalf

Journal of Marine Research

Measurements from 57 current meters suspended from anchored buoys in a network between 1.5°N and 1.5°S and from 27.5°W to 35°W in the Atlantic Ocean between February and April 1963 show speeds up to 70 cm/sec within the Equatorial Undercurrent. The bottom of the Undercurrent appears to be no deeper than 150 m; below th is dep th there is a westward-flowing current with speeds up to 25 cm/sec.

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On The Dynamical Formulation Of The Large-Scale Momentum Exchange Between Atmosphere And Ocean, W. Lawrence Gates Jan 1966

On The Dynamical Formulation Of The Large-Scale Momentum Exchange Between Atmosphere And Ocean, W. Lawrence Gates

Journal of Marine Research

The vorticity equations for the vertically integrated momentum are derived for both the ocean and atmosphere, subject to the hydrostatic approximation, with the ocean's surface treated as a material interface. The familiar wind-stress curl is the dominant momentum exchange mechanism for large- and synoptic-scale circulations, with the air-pressure torque on the sea surface becoming of comparable importance for motion scales of the order of 102 km. The effect of the divergence of the integrated mass flux is among the larger terms of the vorticity equation for all scales of transient motion considered.

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Influence Of The Surtsey Eruption On The Nutrient Content Of The Surrounding Seawater, Unnsteinn Stefánsson Jan 1966

Influence Of The Surtsey Eruption On The Nutrient Content Of The Surrounding Seawater, Unnsteinn Stefánsson

Journal of Marine Research

The influence of the recent Surtsey eruption on the nutrient content of the surrounding seawater was studied over a period of one year. During the first months, while the eruption was explosive and when seawater flooded the vents, a significant increase in reactive silicates was observed within 30 km of the eruption center, and the silicate concentration had increased by a factor of three near the island. After the eruption changed to an effusive phase, in early April 1964, the amounts dissolved were negligible, except close to the island where bot lava entered the sea....

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Rossby Waves With Bottom Topography, George Veronis Jan 1966

Rossby Waves With Bottom Topography, George Veronis

Journal of Marine Research

A simple analysis shows the analogy between Rossby waves and waves caused by irregularities in the depth of a homogeneous layer of fluid in a rotating system. The effect of bottom topography is shown to be very important in generating low-frequency waves and is more important than the β effect even for relatively small changes in the depth....

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Oriented Marine Cores: A Description Of New Locking Compasses And Triggering Mechanisms, André M. Rosfelder, Neil F. Marshall Jan 1966

Oriented Marine Cores: A Description Of New Locking Compasses And Triggering Mechanisms, André M. Rosfelder, Neil F. Marshall

Journal of Marine Research

While core-orientation data are becoming more and more necessary for marine sedimentological studies, there are no rugged, inexpensive, or convenient compasses that are insensitive to the ambient pressure, the inclination of the corer, and the bottom impact. This paper describes some instruments designed in an attempt to overcome these problems. A hemispherical compass, a free-floating spherical compass, an inexpensive "compass smasher," and some proposed simplified models of these are described....

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Primary Productivity In The Gerlache And Bransfield Straits Of Antarctica, Enrique F. Mandelli, Paul R. Burkholder Jan 1966

Primary Productivity In The Gerlache And Bransfield Straits Of Antarctica, Enrique F. Mandelli, Paul R. Burkholder

Journal of Marine Research

Distribution of the standing crop of phytoplankton and primary productivity in the Gerlache and Bransfield straits was studied during February and March 1965 aboard the Argentine Navy Icebreaker GENERAL SAN MARTIN. Relatively high standing-crop values, expressed in chlorophyll a per square meter, were exhibited in the euphotic zone, with ranges of 86-209 mg/m2 in the Gerlache Strait area and 20-209 mg/m2 in the Bransfield Strait area. Primary productivity was also high in both areas, but not commensurate with what might be expected for the standing crop in Gerlache Strait....

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Small-Scale, Horizontal Vortices In The Surface Layer Of The Sea, Robert W. Owen Jr. Jan 1966

Small-Scale, Horizontal Vortices In The Surface Layer Of The Sea, Robert W. Owen Jr.

Journal of Marine Research

A vortex system in the water near the sea surface has been inferred from collection into parallel rows of a positively phototaxic zooplankton population. Water velocity in the upper part of convergence planes of the system has been equated with estimated swimming speed of the animals....

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The Distribution Of Phytoplankton, And Its Relationship To Hydrography, Between Southern New England And Venezuela, Edward M. Hulburt Jan 1966

The Distribution Of Phytoplankton, And Its Relationship To Hydrography, Between Southern New England And Venezuela, Edward M. Hulburt

Journal of Marine Research

Data obtained on numerous cruises, from southern New England to the Caribbean Sea, between September 1956 and August 1963 form the basis for this study on the relationship of flora to hydrography. Seaward from the southern New England coast, with salinity increasing, the quantity of phytoplankton in near-surface water (0-25 m) decreases while the proportion of oceanic species increases. In the Sargasso Sea, in summer, the stratification and flora are similar from north to south, but in winter, when there is a difference in stratifi cation of the upper 200 m in the northern and southern portions, there is a …

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Further Measurements And Observations On The Cromwell Current, John A. Knauss Jan 1966

Further Measurements And Observations On The Cromwell Current, John A. Knauss

Journal of Marine Research

The Cromwell Current was observed in the eastern Pacific during the Scripps Institution of Oceanography SWAN SONG Expedition, 5 September–1 December 1961, employing hydrographic stations and direct current measurements. The velocity structure in 1961 at 140°W was similar to that observed in April 1958 except that the transport in 1961 was only 22 × 106 m3 /sec---55% of the transport observed in 1958....

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A Perfusion Chamber For Electrode Studies On The Physiology Of Planktonic Algae, Charles S. Yentsch Jan 1965

A Perfusion Chamber For Electrode Studies On The Physiology Of Planktonic Algae, Charles S. Yentsch

Journal of Marine Research

An algal photosynthetic chamber using an oxygen electrode is described. It is unique in that the algae are held in the chamber on a filter. In this manner a high concentration of cells per unit volume of chamber and a high sensitivity to oxygen production is obtained. Other advantages of this system are that the solution around the algae on the filter is changed easily without disturbing the cells and the chamber is easily adapted to continuous closed circulation.

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