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Comments On Veronis' Paper, "On Properties Of Seawater Defined By Temperature, Salinity, And Pressure", O. I. Mamayev Jan 1973

Comments On Veronis' Paper, "On Properties Of Seawater Defined By Temperature, Salinity, And Pressure", O. I. Mamayev

Journal of Marine Research

Veronis (1972: 227), in the above paper, has stated that "The quantity that is orthogonal to potential-density curves in the θS [T–S] plane is suggested as a useful variable to complement the information contained in potential density." He denotes this quantity with τ.

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Comments On "Redox Potentials By Equilibration," By W. G. Breck, Sam Ben-Yaakov, I. R. Kaplan Jan 1973

Comments On "Redox Potentials By Equilibration," By W. G. Breck, Sam Ben-Yaakov, I. R. Kaplan

Journal of Marine Research

Breck (1972) has proposed a new approach for determining the "redox level" (Eh) in aerated natural waters and has described an electrode arrangement which, supposedly, is capable of accurately measuring Eh in such waters.

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Oil-Induced Mortalities In Juvenile Coho And Sockeye Salmon, James E. Morrow Jan 1973

Oil-Induced Mortalities In Juvenile Coho And Sockeye Salmon, James E. Morrow

Journal of Marine Research

Advanced parr of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and sockeye salmon (O. nerka) were exposed in laboratory tanks to oil poured on the surface of artificial seawater in amounts ranging from 500 to 3500 ppm equivalent, at water temperatures of 3°, 8°, and 13°C. Statistically significant increases in the mortality rates over control animals were observed at all oil concentrations and at all temperatures. The mortality rates appeared to be directly related to oil concentration and inversely to temperature....

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Seasonal Variability Of The Florida Current, Pearn P. Niiler, William S. Richardson Jan 1973

Seasonal Variability Of The Florida Current, Pearn P. Niiler, William S. Richardson

Journal of Marine Research

The seasonal variability of the directly measured transport and horizontal currents in the Florida Strait has been determined from 90 transects of the Florida Current at the latitude of Miami, Florida. It is estimated that the seasonal variability accounts for 45% of the total variability in the total transport; the early summertime maximum value of the transport is 33.6 × 106 m3/sec, and the early winter low is 25.4 × 106 m3/sec....

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The Effect Of A Coastal Shelf On Long Waves In A Rotating Hemispherical Basin, Niels Christensen Jr. Jan 1973

The Effect Of A Coastal Shelf On Long Waves In A Rotating Hemispherical Basin, Niels Christensen Jr.

Journal of Marine Research

Using finite difference methods, the effect on long waves of a coastal shelf in a rotating hemispherical basin, symmetric about the equator, is studied. Of the four modes investigated, with a shelf added to a constant-depth basin, two modes respond weakly: one is a planetary mode antisymmetric in the sea surface about the equator; the other is a gravity mode symmetric in the sea surface....

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On Free Modes Of Oscillation Of A Hemispherical Basin Centered On The Equator, Niels Christensen Jr. Jan 1973

On Free Modes Of Oscillation Of A Hemispherical Basin Centered On The Equator, Niels Christensen Jr.

Journal of Marine Research

Five barotropic modes of oscillation are computed for a hemispherical basin centered on the equator of a rotating earth. The method of Longuet-Higgins and Pond (1970), which takes full account of horizontal divergence and the sphericity of the earth, is used. Two of the modes are planetary modes and three are gravity modes. Periods of oscillation for the five modes range from one day to over four days....

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Mechanically Efficient Swimming Techniques For Fish With Negative Bouyancy, Daniel Weihs Jan 1973

Mechanically Efficient Swimming Techniques For Fish With Negative Bouyancy, Daniel Weihs

Journal of Marine Research

An efficient technique for long-distance swimming by fish with negative buoyancy is suggested and described. This includes a phase of powerless gliding with a gradual increase of depth followed by active upward swimming at an angle to the original height....

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Model Of World Ocean Circulation: I. Wind-Driven, Two-Layer, George Veronis Jan 1973

Model Of World Ocean Circulation: I. Wind-Driven, Two-Layer, George Veronis

Journal of Marine Research

In preparation for a more comprehensive study, the present paper develops a picture of steady global ocean circulation as it would appear if the ocean were driven by only the wind stress at the surface. The spherical geometry is retained, but bottom topography is neglected and the lateral boundaries of the different basins are segments of parallels of longitude or latitude. The observed zonal wind stress is zonally averaged for each basin, and the stratification is represented by two homogeneous layers that are dynamically uncoupled; i.e., there is no stress transfer across the interface or thermocline....

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A Towing System For A Sensing Package: Experiences And Plans, Eli Joel Katz, Richard T. Nowak Jan 1973

A Towing System For A Sensing Package: Experiences And Plans, Eli Joel Katz, Richard T. Nowak

Journal of Marine Research

The development of a technique for towing standard oceanographic sensors (pressure, temperature, conductivity, and sound velocity) at intermediate depths of less than 1000 m is described. Data show the depth characteristics of the tow and the comparative output from each of the sensors....

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A Note On The Averaged Momentum Balance In Two-Dimensional Water Waves, C. C. Mei Jan 1973

A Note On The Averaged Momentum Balance In Two-Dimensional Water Waves, C. C. Mei

Journal of Marine Research

For time-periodic two-dimensional water waves of small amplitude, it is shown that a static balance exists between the mean dynamic pressure force at the bottom, the gradient of the mean sea level, and the divergence of the radiation-stress tensor. The balance holds for quite arbitrary wave pattern and bottom variation so long as dissipation and steady currents are insignificant. This is the further generalization of a result obtained by Longuet-Higgins (1972) for the gradual refraction of a progressive wave where the bottom pressure is unimportant.

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On The Determination Of Internal-Wave Directional Spectra From Moored Instruments, Friedrich Schott, Jürgen Willebrand Jan 1973

On The Determination Of Internal-Wave Directional Spectra From Moored Instruments, Friedrich Schott, Jürgen Willebrand

Journal of Marine Research

Presented here is a model for determining the characteristic parameters of an internalwave field using cross spectra of data obtained from vertically separated and/or horizontally separated moored instruments. The model is based on the assumption that the motion consists mainly of linear free internal waves having random phase relationships. The internalwave energy is supposed to be distributed among a finite number of modes having continuous directional distribution....

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A Reply To Ben Yaakov And Kaplan's "Comments On 'Redox Potentials By Equilibration', By W. G. Breck", W. G. Breck Jan 1973

A Reply To Ben Yaakov And Kaplan's "Comments On 'Redox Potentials By Equilibration', By W. G. Breck", W. G. Breck

Journal of Marine Research

This note is a reply to Ben-Yaakov and Kaplan's (1973) comments on my paper (Breck 1972).

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Comments On Johnson's Paper, "On The Wind-Driven Circulation Of A Stratified Ocean'', R. C. Alexander Jan 1973

Comments On Johnson's Paper, "On The Wind-Driven Circulation Of A Stratified Ocean'', R. C. Alexander

Journal of Marine Research

Johnson (1971) has made a useful contribution to ocean-circulation theory by establishing more definitely the role of the thermal structure in the larger context of the theory of wind-driven ocean circulations. However, serious objections should be raised to his treatment of the eastern-boundary region and to his results on coastal upwelling.

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Wind-Swept Water Surface In Laboratory Cooled By Applying Heat, Allen H. Schooley Jan 1973

Wind-Swept Water Surface In Laboratory Cooled By Applying Heat, Allen H. Schooley

Journal of Marine Research

This experiment was performed in a 40-cm × 45-cm × 20-cm basin containing 16 cm of water. Wind was directed toward the water at one corner by means of a 16-cm-diameter blower 12 cm above the surface….

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On The Eastern-Boundary Conditions For A Stratified Ocean, J. A. Johnson Jan 1973

On The Eastern-Boundary Conditions For A Stratified Ocean, J. A. Johnson

Journal of Marine Research

This note discusses the use of transport conditions at the eastern boundary in determining the interior flow in a stratified ocean.

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Erratum And Errata, George Veronis, R. L. Snyder, Linda Smith Jan 1973

Erratum And Errata, George Veronis, R. L. Snyder, Linda Smith

Journal of Marine Research

ERRATUM in "On properties of seawater defined by temperature, salinity, and pressure," by George Veronis; Journal of Marine Research 30(2): 227–255. ERRATA in "On the estimation of surface gravity-wave fields in the vicinity of an array of wave recorders," by R. L. Snyder and Linda Smith; Journal of Marine Research 31(1): 51–60.

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Covariance Equations For A Linear Sea, R. L. Snyder Jan 1973

Covariance Equations For A Linear Sea, R. L. Snyder

Journal of Marine Research

The equations governing the second-order covariances between surface gravity-wave field variables are derived for a linear sea. These equations are solved formally for two cases: the case of stationary homogeneous statistics and the case of quasistationary quasihomogeneous statistics....

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On The Estimation Of Surface Gravity-Wave Fields In The Vicinity Of An Array Of Wave Recorders, R. L. Snyder, Linda Smith Jan 1973

On The Estimation Of Surface Gravity-Wave Fields In The Vicinity Of An Array Of Wave Recorders, R. L. Snyder, Linda Smith

Journal of Marine Research

The optimum estimator for a surface-wave field in the vicinity of an array of wave recorders is determined for a linear sea. Examples for a single-component and a four-component array are presented.

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On Divergent Shelf Waves, V. T. Buchwald Jan 1973

On Divergent Shelf Waves, V. T. Buchwald

Journal of Marine Research

A dispersion relationship for divergent continental shelf waves on a shelf of exponential profile has been obtained. The dispersion curves calculated from this relationship are in good agreement with experimental results reported by Caldwell et al. (1972). In addition, a perturbation method has been used to obtain the first-order divergent correction to the dispersion curves of nondivergent shelf waves on a shelf of arbitrary profile....

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Calcium Carbonate, Opal, And Quartz In Holocene Pelagic Sediments And The Calcite Compensation Level In The South Atlantic Ocean, David B. Ellis, T. C. Moore Jr. Jan 1973

Calcium Carbonate, Opal, And Quartz In Holocene Pelagic Sediments And The Calcite Compensation Level In The South Atlantic Ocean, David B. Ellis, T. C. Moore Jr.

Journal of Marine Research

Calcium carbonate is the dominant component in the pelagic sediments of the South Atlantic; its distribution pattern can be explained by use of bottom-water circulation. Biogenous opal concentrations occur in two bands, near the Equator and around 50°S; these concentrations are associated with zones of high biological productivity in surface waters....

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A Numerical Tidal Model And Its Application To Cook Inlet, Alaska, J. Brian Matthews, J. Christian H. Mungall Jan 1972

A Numerical Tidal Model And Its Application To Cook Inlet, Alaska, J. Brian Matthews, J. Christian H. Mungall

Journal of Marine Research

A numerical scheme for predicting tides and tidal currents has been designed for rapid application to new situations with a minimum of effort. The model is two-dimensional and includes Coriolis and fric tional terms. An application to Cook Inlet, Alaska, is described for a tide having a period of 12.42 hours and an amplitude of one half the mean tidal range....

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Radiation Stresses In Short-Crested Waves, J. A. Battjes Jan 1972

Radiation Stresses In Short-Crested Waves, J. A. Battjes

Journal of Marine Research

The radiation stresses in short-crested waves are expressed in terms of the two-dimensional energy spectrum of the wave elevation. It is shown that, for wind-driven waves, the short-crestedness has a considerable influence on the ratios of the radiation stresses to the average energy content of the waves per unit area.

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Shallow-Water Strontium-90 Anomaly About The Antilles Arc----1970, Vaughan T. Bowen, W. G. Metcalf, John C. Burke Jan 1972

Shallow-Water Strontium-90 Anomaly About The Antilles Arc----1970, Vaughan T. Bowen, W. G. Metcalf, John C. Burke

Journal of Marine Research

Vertical profiles about the southeastern approaches to the Caribbean in early 1970 have shown a consistent Sr-90 inversion, with the maximum concentrations at depths of about room. It appears that four water masses may be involved, in this area, in a very complicated mixing and overlayering phenomenon.

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On The Elliptic Generating Region Of A Tsunami, Pauline Van Den Driessche, R. D. Braddock Jan 1972

On The Elliptic Generating Region Of A Tsunami, Pauline Van Den Driessche, R. D. Braddock

Journal of Marine Research

The surface elevation is calculated for the three-dimensional motion of waves in a fluid of constant depth subject to a given bottom velocity. An example, modeling tsunami generation, with antisymmetric bottom velocity, is considered in detail. The amplitude of the wave front is found to decay much more rapidly than the main wave. The distribution of amplitude with wave number and with angular position is computed for some cases.

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Johnston Atoll's Wake, Richard A. Barkley Jan 1972

Johnston Atoll's Wake, Richard A. Barkley

Journal of Marine Research

In February 1968, when the incident flow was 60 cm/sec toward the northwest, a wake resembling a von Kármán vortex street was present in the ocean downstream of Johnston Atoll (16°45'N, 169°31'W). In October 1968, when the incident flow was 15 to 20 cm/sec, no wake was detected....

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Navifacial Temperature And Salinity Along The Track From Samoa To Hawaii, 1957–1965, Richard I. Hires, R. B. Montgomery Jan 1972

Navifacial Temperature And Salinity Along The Track From Samoa To Hawaii, 1957–1965, Richard I. Hires, R. B. Montgomery

Journal of Marine Research

The nine years of data used in the present study are the result of collaboration between the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Honolulu, and officers of MARIPOSA and MONTEREY of Matson Navigation Company….

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Double Oxygen Minimum In The Southeastern Pacific Ocean, George C. Anderson Jan 1972

Double Oxygen Minimum In The Southeastern Pacific Ocean, George C. Anderson

Journal of Marine Research

Data from two cruises in the southeastern Pacific Ocean show a pronounced double minimum in the oxygen profiles. The patterns indicate that at these sections (110° to 130°W) there is an eastward flow at about 14°S, at depths greater than 500 m.

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Whitecap Suppression By Cloud Shadows On The Potomac River, Allen H. Schooley Jan 1972

Whitecap Suppression By Cloud Shadows On The Potomac River, Allen H. Schooley

Journal of Marine Research

Whitecaps are often generated on the Potomac River near the Naval Research Laboratory by wind fields associated with the passage of cold fronts. When the fronts clear the air so that sunshine prevails during the morning hour, usually about midday scattered cumulus clouds begin to appear....

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The Temporal Structure Of Oceanic Motion Off The Oregon Coast, Northeastern Pacific, 1969, Toshitsugu Sakou, Steve Neshyba Jan 1972

The Temporal Structure Of Oceanic Motion Off The Oregon Coast, Northeastern Pacific, 1969, Toshitsugu Sakou, Steve Neshyba

Journal of Marine Research

Current measurements collected from an array of moored buoy stations off the coast of Oregon from April through November 1969 have been used to study the spatial and temporal structure of oceanic currents over the continental slope in the northeastern part of the Pacific....

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Comments On "Ocean Spectra For The High-Frequency Waves As Determined From Airborne Radar Measurements", A. E. Strong Jan 1972

Comments On "Ocean Spectra For The High-Frequency Waves As Determined From Airborne Radar Measurements", A. E. Strong

Journal of Marine Research

Valenzuela et al. (1971) have discussed some interesting results relating radar backscatter to the gravity-capillary region of the ocean-wave spectrum. While they have attempted to relate their observed backscatter power to the wind speed, they have neglected to report the height above the surface at which these winds were observed....

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