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Mixing By Microorganisms In Stratified Fluids, Gregory L. Wagner, William R. Young, Eric Lauga Jan 2014

Mixing By Microorganisms In Stratified Fluids, Gregory L. Wagner, William R. Young, Eric Lauga

Journal of Marine Research

We examine the vertical mixing induced by the swimming of microorganisms at low Reynolds and Péclet numbers in a stably stratified ocean, and show that the global contribution of oceanic microswimmers to vertical mixing is negligible. We propose two approaches to estimating the mixing efficiency, η, or the ratio of the rate of potential energy creation to the total rate-of-working on the ocean by microswimmers. The first is based on scaling arguments and estimates η in terms of the ratio between the typical organism size, a, and an intrinsic length scale for the stratified flow, l = (νκ/N …

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The Relation Between Unstable Shear Layer Thicknesses And Turbulence Lengthscales, Eric Kunze Jan 2014

The Relation Between Unstable Shear Layer Thicknesses And Turbulence Lengthscales, Eric Kunze

Journal of Marine Research

This note explores the connection between the (i) lengthscales of unstable finescale shear layers which are responsible for turbulence production, (ii) turbulence patch thicknesses and (iii) the outer scales of turbulence, that is, the density overturn (Thorpe) and Ozmidov lengthscales, in the stratified ocean interior. Explanations are offered both for why (i) turbulence patches are often observed to be much thicker than outer turbulence scales and (ii) there is a spectral gap between finescale internal waves and the outer scales of turbulence. A finescale parameterization based on unstable shear predicts Ozmidov lengthscales smaller than unstable-shear-layer thicknesses for moderately unstable gradient …

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Refraction Of Swell By Surface Currents, Basile Gallet, William R. Young Jan 2014

Refraction Of Swell By Surface Currents, Basile Gallet, William R. Young

Journal of Marine Research

Using recordings of swell from pitch-and-roll buoys, we have reproduced the classic observations of long-range surface wave propagation originally made by Munk et al. (1963) using a triangular array of bottom pressure measurements. In the modern data, the direction of the incoming swell fluctuates by about ± 10° on a time scale of one hour. But if the incoming direction is averaged over the duration of an event then, in contrast with the observations by Munk et al. (1963), the sources inferred by great-circle backtracking are most often in good agreement with the location of large storms on weather maps …

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Influence Of Mean Circulation On Large-Scale Decadal Basin Modes, Dhouha Ferjani, Thierry Huck, Alain Colin De Verdière Jan 2014

Influence Of Mean Circulation On Large-Scale Decadal Basin Modes, Dhouha Ferjani, Thierry Huck, Alain Colin De Verdière

Journal of Marine Research

The effect of large-scale mean circulation on the generic property of intrinsic basin modes of decadal variability is investigated through linear stability analysis of a two-layer shallow water model over a flat- and a variable-bottom topography. The mean circulation is forced through either surface wind stress or vertical velocities at the layers interface representing surface heat flux. Regardless of the type of forcing, the large-scale mean circulation reduces the damping of the decadal basin modes. The wind forcing mostly affects the mode damping, by up to 30% for a climatological amplitude, whereas the heat flux forcing mostly increases the oscillation …

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Diatom Control Of The Autotrophic Community And Particle Export In The Eastern Bering Sea During The Recent Cold Years (2008–2010), Matthew S. Baumann, S. Bradley Moran, Michael W. Lomas, Roger P. Kelly, Douglas W. Bell, Jeffrey W. Krause Jan 2014

Diatom Control Of The Autotrophic Community And Particle Export In The Eastern Bering Sea During The Recent Cold Years (2008–2010), Matthew S. Baumann, S. Bradley Moran, Michael W. Lomas, Roger P. Kelly, Douglas W. Bell, Jeffrey W. Krause

Journal of Marine Research

The southeastern Bering Sea has exhibited shifts in climate since the start of the 21st century. The regional climate shifts are manifested in the duration and areal extent of seasonal sea-ice coverage. During a recent cold period (2008–2010) with extensive spring sea-ice cover over the southeastern shelf of the Bering Sea, a total of 77 water column and 24 sediment trap profiles were collected over the shelf and shelf break and analyzed for autotrophic pigment concentrations and elemental (carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and silicon) concentrations in suspended and exported particulate material. These results are used to establish the seasonal succession of …

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The Transport Of Nutrient-Rich Indian Ocean Water Through The Red Sea And Into Coastal Reef Systems, James H. Churchill, Amy S. Bower, Daniel C. Mccorkle, Yasser Abualnaja Jan 2014

The Transport Of Nutrient-Rich Indian Ocean Water Through The Red Sea And Into Coastal Reef Systems, James H. Churchill, Amy S. Bower, Daniel C. Mccorkle, Yasser Abualnaja

Journal of Marine Research

Driven by upwelling-favorable monsoon winds, nutrient-rich Gulf of Aden Intermediate Water (GAIW) enters the Red Sea from the Indian Ocean each summer. Hydrographic and velocity data acquired in autumn 2011 provide the first indication that GAIW is carried rapidly northward along the eastern Red Sea margin in a well-defined subsurface current with speeds >30 cm s–1. The nutrient-rich (NO2 + NO3 concentrations up to 17 μmol l–1) GAIW overlaps the euphotic zone and appears to fuel enhanced productivity over depths of 35–67 m. GAIW is broadly distributed through the Red Sea, extending northward along …

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Group Behavior Among Model Bacteria Influences Particulate Carbon Remineralization Depths, K. A. S. Mislan, Charles A. Stock, John P. Dunne, Jorge L. Sarmiento Jan 2014

Group Behavior Among Model Bacteria Influences Particulate Carbon Remineralization Depths, K. A. S. Mislan, Charles A. Stock, John P. Dunne, Jorge L. Sarmiento

Journal of Marine Research

Organic particles sinking from the sunlit surface are oases of food for heterotrophic bacteria living in the deep ocean. Particle-attached bacteria need to solubilize particles, so they produce exoenzymes that cleave bonds to make molecules small enough to be transported through bacterial cell walls. Releasing exoenzymes, which have an energetic cost, to the external environment is risky because there is no guarantee that products of exoenzyme activity, called hydrolysate, will diffuse to the particle-attached bacterium that produced the exoenzymes. Strategies used by particle-attached bacteria to counteract diffusive losses of exoenzymes and hydrolysate are investigated in a water column model. We …

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Simple Models For The Heat Flux From The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Cell To The Atmosphere, M. Behl, D. Nof, S. Van Gorder Jan 2014

Simple Models For The Heat Flux From The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Cell To The Atmosphere, M. Behl, D. Nof, S. Van Gorder

Journal of Marine Research

It has been suggested that a slowdown of the Atlantic meridional overturning cell (AMOC) would cause the Northern Hemisphere to cool by a few degrees. We use a sequence of simple analytical models to show that due to the nonlinearity of the system, the simplified heat flux from the modeled AMOC to the atmosphere above is so robust that even changes of as much as 50% in the present AMOC transport are not enough to significantly change the temperature of the outgoing warmed atmosphere (i.e., the fraction of the atmosphere warmed by the AMOC). Our most realistic model (which is …

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Thermohaline Staircases In The Western Mediterranean Sea, Harry L. Bryden, Katrin Schroeder, Stefania Sparnocchia, Mireno Borghini, Anna Vetrano Jan 2014

Thermohaline Staircases In The Western Mediterranean Sea, Harry L. Bryden, Katrin Schroeder, Stefania Sparnocchia, Mireno Borghini, Anna Vetrano

Journal of Marine Research

Thermohaline staircase structures are commonly observed in the western Mediterranean Sea within the halocline-thermocline connecting the Levantine Intermediate Water at about 400 m depth with the western Mediterranean deep waters below 1,500 m. In this halocline-thermocline where warmer, saltier waters overlie colder, fresher deep waters, salt finger mixing processes are thought to be active and produce staircases with layers of order 75 m thickness containing nearly constant properties separated by sharp steps of order 6 m thickness with jumps in properties between the layers. While the layers have nearly constant salinity, potential temperature, and potential density, each property decreases very …

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A Constraint On The Thickness-Weighted Average Equation Of Motion Deduced From Energetics, Kunihiro Aoki Jan 2014

A Constraint On The Thickness-Weighted Average Equation Of Motion Deduced From Energetics, Kunihiro Aoki

Journal of Marine Research

This study reviews the system governed by the thickness-weighted average (TWA) equation of motion, considering energetics. It is known that the TWA equation of motion based on the primitive equation describes the fluid motion with the residual mean velocity defined as the TWA velocity and is written in the same form as the nondissipative primitive equation, except that the eddy momentum fluxes (the interfacial form stress and Reynolds flux associated with eddy motion) are embedded in this equation. Also, incompressibility and density (buoyancy) conservation in the adiabatic condition hold in this system. In this study, considering that the TWA system …

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On The Structure And Distribution Of Thin Anticyclonic Lenses In The Southeast Pacific Ocean, T. Rossby Jan 2014

On The Structure And Distribution Of Thin Anticyclonic Lenses In The Southeast Pacific Ocean, T. Rossby

Journal of Marine Research

The velocity structure of an anticyclonic lens in the southeast Pacific centered at 300–400 m depth was scanned in detail with a 75 kHz acoustic Doppler current profiler on the RV Atlantis during a February 2010 transit along 20° S. Embedded in the main thermocline with a vertical span of ∼500 m, the lens had an overall diameter of ∼150 km with a peak speed of 0.33 m s–1 at ∼35 km radius. Knowledge of the velocity field permitted determination of energetics and vorticity properties in detail. The ratio of potential to kinetic energy was ∼14, and the relative …

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Observing And Understanding The Southeast Asian Aerosol System By Remote Sensing: An Initial Review And Analysis For The Seven Southeast Asian Studies (7seas) Program, Jeffrey Reid, Edward Hyer, Randall Johnson, B. N. Holben, Robert Yokelson, Jianglong Zhang, James Campbell, Sundar Christopher, Larry Digirolamo, Louis Giglio, Robert Holz, Courtney Kearney, Jukka Miettinen, Elizabeth Reid, F. Joseph Turk, Jun Wang, Peng Xian, Guangyu Zhao, Rajasekhar Balasubramanian, Boon Ning Chew, Serm Janjai, Nofel Lagrosas, Puji Lestari, Neng-Huei Lin, Mastura Mahmud, Anh X. Nguyen, Bethany Norris, Nguyen T.K. Oanth, Min Oo, Santo V. Salinas, E. Judd Welton, Soo Chin Liew Jan 2013

Observing And Understanding The Southeast Asian Aerosol System By Remote Sensing: An Initial Review And Analysis For The Seven Southeast Asian Studies (7seas) Program, Jeffrey Reid, Edward Hyer, Randall Johnson, B. N. Holben, Robert Yokelson, Jianglong Zhang, James Campbell, Sundar Christopher, Larry Digirolamo, Louis Giglio, Robert Holz, Courtney Kearney, Jukka Miettinen, Elizabeth Reid, F. Joseph Turk, Jun Wang, Peng Xian, Guangyu Zhao, Rajasekhar Balasubramanian, Boon Ning Chew, Serm Janjai, Nofel Lagrosas, Puji Lestari, Neng-Huei Lin, Mastura Mahmud, Anh X. Nguyen, Bethany Norris, Nguyen T.K. Oanth, Min Oo, Santo V. Salinas, E. Judd Welton, Soo Chin Liew

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

Southeast Asia (SEA) hosts one of the most complex aerosol systems in the world, with convoluted meteorological scales, sharp geographic and socioeconomic features, high biological productivity, mixtures of a wide range of atmospheric pollutants, and likely a significant susceptibility to global climate change. This physical complexity of SEA is coupled with one of the world's most challenging environments for both in situ and remote sensing observation. The 7-Southeast Asian Studies (7SEAS) program was formed to facilitate interdisciplinary research into the integrated SEA aerosol environment via grass roots style collaboration. In support of the early 7SEAS program and the affiliated Southeast …

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The Quantifying, Predicting, And Exploiting Uncertainty Program: Exploring Oceanographic Processes In A Complex Bathymetric Shelf/Slope Environment Affected By The Kuroshio, Glen Gawarkiewicz, Sen Jan Jan 2013

The Quantifying, Predicting, And Exploiting Uncertainty Program: Exploring Oceanographic Processes In A Complex Bathymetric Shelf/Slope Environment Affected By The Kuroshio, Glen Gawarkiewicz, Sen Jan

Journal of Marine Research

We will describe the multi-disciplinary international program, Quantifying, Predicting and Exploiting Uncertainty, which consisted of observations, modeling and remote sensing studies focused on a region northeast of Taiwan in the East China Sea. We focus on results on the physical oceanographic and biogeochemical processes. Concurrent observations of acoustic propagation also occurred during the intensive observation period. This program was a joint Taiwan-U.S. effort involving four different ships sampling the continental shelf and slope during August-September, 2009. Primary goals of the program included 1) studying the structure and variability of the Cold Dome, a cool cyclonic feature frequently present in summer …

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Phytoplankton Abundance And Size-Fractionated Structure In Three Contrasting Periods In The Pear River Estuary, Xia Zhang, Zhen Shi, Xiaoping Huang, Feng Ye, Qingxia Liu Jan 2013

Phytoplankton Abundance And Size-Fractionated Structure In Three Contrasting Periods In The Pear River Estuary, Xia Zhang, Zhen Shi, Xiaoping Huang, Feng Ye, Qingxia Liu

Journal of Marine Research

Phytoplankton abundance, composition and size-fractionated chlorophyll a (micro-, nano- and pico-chl. a) in the Pearl River Estuary (PRE), South China were assessed in three surveys (Aug. 2010, Jan. 2011 and Aug. 2011) to identify key environmental indicators that shape their distribution patterns. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (MDS) showed that the PRE formed three regional clusters that were characterized by a transition from dominant freshwater species to estuarine diatoms in normal summer flow conditions (Aug. 2010). With a reduced river flow in winter (Jan. 2011), the inner estuary was categorized as one group marked by the predominance of the nanoflagellate, Plagioselmis …

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Observations Of A Freshwater Pulse Induced By Typhoon Morakot Off The Northern Coast Of Taiwan In August 2009, Sen Jan, Joe Wang, Yiing Jiang Yang, Chin-Chang Hung, Ching-Sheng Chern, Glen Gawarkiewicz, Ren-Chieh Lien, Luca Centurioni, Jia-Yu Kuo, Bee Wang Jan 2013

Observations Of A Freshwater Pulse Induced By Typhoon Morakot Off The Northern Coast Of Taiwan In August 2009, Sen Jan, Joe Wang, Yiing Jiang Yang, Chin-Chang Hung, Ching-Sheng Chern, Glen Gawarkiewicz, Ren-Chieh Lien, Luca Centurioni, Jia-Yu Kuo, Bee Wang

Journal of Marine Research

In this paper we describe large-scale impacts from a typhoon on the circulation over the continental shelf and slope north of Taiwan. Typhoon Morakot was a category 2 tropical storm that landed in central Taiwan, but caused destruction primarily in southern Taiwan from Aug. 8–10, 2009. The typhoon brought record-breaking rainfall; approximately 3 m accumulated over four days in southern Taiwan. River discharge on the west coast of Taiwan increased rapidly from Aug. 6–7 and peaked on Aug. 8, yielding a total volume 27.2 km3 of freshwater discharged off the west coast of Taiwan over five days (Aug. 6–10). …

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Linear Dynamics Of A Stably-Neutrally Stratified Ocean, Gregory M. Reznik Jan 2013

Linear Dynamics Of A Stably-Neutrally Stratified Ocean, Gregory M. Reznik

Journal of Marine Research

Linear dynamics of stably-neutrally stratified fluid consisting of the stably stratified upper layer and the homogeneous lower layer is studied with and without rotation. The density and other fields are continuous at the interface between the layers. A special feature of this configuration is existence of the wave mode related to the homogeneous layer. In non-rotating fluid this is the homogeneous layer vortex mode characterized by a stationary three-dimensional velocity field confined to the lower layer. In the presence of rotation, the mode turns into the gyroscopic waves. Besides the mode, the wave spectrum contains internal waves and the zero …

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Internal Tides On The East China Sea Continental Slope, Ren-Chieh Lien, Thomas B. Sanford, Sen Jan, Ming-Huei Chang, Barry B. Ma Jan 2013

Internal Tides On The East China Sea Continental Slope, Ren-Chieh Lien, Thomas B. Sanford, Sen Jan, Ming-Huei Chang, Barry B. Ma

Journal of Marine Research

Strong semidiurnal internal tides are observed on the continental slope of the East China Sea (ECS) using an array of subsurface moorings and EM-APEX floats. A Princeton Ocean Model (POM) is used to simulate the effects of stratification profiles on the generation and propagation of M2 internal tides; model simulations are compared with observations. On the ECS continental slope northeast of Taiwan, the semidiurnal barotropic tidal current flows nearly perpendicular to the shelf break and continental slope, favoring the generation of internal tides. Both the critical slope analysis and numerical model results suggest multiple generation sites on the continental …

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Influence Of Bottom Topography On Large-Scale Decadal Basin Modes, Dhouha Ferjani, Thierry Huck, Alain Colin De Verdière Jan 2013

Influence Of Bottom Topography On Large-Scale Decadal Basin Modes, Dhouha Ferjani, Thierry Huck, Alain Colin De Verdière

Journal of Marine Research

The influence of bottom topography on the generic properties of the baroclinic basin modes is investigated through linear stability analysis of a two-layer shallow water ocean model. Various idealized bottom profiles imitating a mid-ocean ridge and continental slopes are analyzed in an extratropical β-plane closed basin. Only large-scale features are examined, the eddy effects being parametrized as turbulent eddy viscosity that allows the selection of large-scale eigenmodes. At coarse resolution, the largest-scale lowest-frequency baroclinic modes appear as the least damped modes. For scales much larger than the internal deformation radius, the damping rate is relatively independent of dissipation, the mode …

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Significant Internal Waves And Internal Tides Measured Northeast Of Taiwan, Timothy F. Duda, Arthur E. Newhall, Glen Gawarkiewicz, Michael J. Caruso, Hans C. Graber, Yiing Jang Yang, Sen Jan Jan 2013

Significant Internal Waves And Internal Tides Measured Northeast Of Taiwan, Timothy F. Duda, Arthur E. Newhall, Glen Gawarkiewicz, Michael J. Caruso, Hans C. Graber, Yiing Jang Yang, Sen Jan

Journal of Marine Research

Internal gravity waves in an area northeast of Taiwan are characterized using data from multiple sensor types. The data set includes intermittent information collected from a ship and short time series from moorings. Modeled nonlinear waves are fitted to observed nonlinear waves to provide self-consistent estimates of multiple wave parameters. A nonlinear internal wave of over 50 m amplitude, observed in deep water, is examined in detail. This wave was moving northward from the southern Okinawa Trough toward the continental shelf, and presumably formed from internal tides propagating northward from the Ilan Ridge area. A possible scenario for the formation …

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Corrigendum To “Nutrient Supply In The Southern East China Sea After Typhoon Morakot", Chin-Chang Hung, Chih-Ching Chung, Gwo-Ching Gong, Sen Jan, Yaling Tsai, Kuo-Shu Chen, Wen Chen Chou, Ming-An Lee, Yi Chang, Meng-Hsien Chen, Wen-Rong Yang, Chiung-Jung Tseng, Glen Gawarkiewicz Jan 2013

Corrigendum To “Nutrient Supply In The Southern East China Sea After Typhoon Morakot", Chin-Chang Hung, Chih-Ching Chung, Gwo-Ching Gong, Sen Jan, Yaling Tsai, Kuo-Shu Chen, Wen Chen Chou, Ming-An Lee, Yi Chang, Meng-Hsien Chen, Wen-Rong Yang, Chiung-Jung Tseng, Glen Gawarkiewicz

Journal of Marine Research

The authors regret that some errors occurred in the Figure 6 published with incorrect data in our recent article (Hung et al. 2013: 145). The corrected data are presented in the revised Figure 6 below. The conclusions drawn in the original article are still supported by the revised results, though some estimates have been corrected.

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Foam Triangles, S. A. Thorpe Jan 2013

Foam Triangles, S. A. Thorpe

Journal of Marine Research

Foam patches left by waves breaking as they approach a smooth and gently sloping beach from a near-normal direction sometimes have the distinctly triangular shape that has been studied by Turner and Turner (2011). Explanations of the size of the angle at the apex of the triangles observed by Turner and Turner are suggested in terms of physical processes that determine the speed at which the point of breaking travels along a wave crest. These explanations differ from the entrainment model proposed by Turner and Turner (2011). The range of sizes of the apex angles can most likely be explained …

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Instability Of An Idealized Tidal Mixing Front: Symmetric Instabilities And Frictional Effects, K. H. Brink, Deepak A. Cherian Jan 2013

Instability Of An Idealized Tidal Mixing Front: Symmetric Instabilities And Frictional Effects, K. H. Brink, Deepak A. Cherian

Journal of Marine Research

Finite amplitude instability of an idealized tidal mixing front is considered for cases where there is an active symmetric instability during the early stages of evolution. This can happen either when the initial front is sharp, or when a bottom stress leads to a well-mixed bottom boundary layer under the front. In either case, there is an initial phase, several days long, of slantwise convection, after which a much more energetic and spatially distributed baroclinic or barotropic instability dominates. The presence of an initial symmetrically unstable phase has no obvious effect on the subsequent eddy evolution. Bottom friction does lead …

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Recycling And Burial Of Phosphorus In Sediments Of An Anoxic Fjord—The By Fjord, Western Sweden, Lena Viktorsson, Mikhail Kononets, Per Roos, Per O. J. Hall Jan 2013

Recycling And Burial Of Phosphorus In Sediments Of An Anoxic Fjord—The By Fjord, Western Sweden, Lena Viktorsson, Mikhail Kononets, Per Roos, Per O. J. Hall

Journal of Marine Research

Recycling and burial of sediment phosphorus were studied in the By Fjord, western Sweden, during the years 2009 to 2010 using autonomous benthic landers and sediment sampling. The By Fjord is a small fjord with a shallow sill at its narrow mouth, which limits water exchange of the fjord's basin water. The water in the basin is exchanged only every 3 to 5 years and the water below sill level is anoxic or sulfidic between water renewals. Five sites were examined in the By Fjord; three shallow sites above the sill level with oxic bottom waters and two deeper sites …

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Seasonal, 2-D Sedimentary Extracellular Enzyme Activities And Controlling Processes In Great Peconic Bay, Long Island, Zhenrui Cao, Qingzhi Zhu, Robert C. Aller, Josephine Y. Aller, Stuart Waugh Jan 2013

Seasonal, 2-D Sedimentary Extracellular Enzyme Activities And Controlling Processes In Great Peconic Bay, Long Island, Zhenrui Cao, Qingzhi Zhu, Robert C. Aller, Josephine Y. Aller, Stuart Waugh

Journal of Marine Research

Extracellular enzymes (EE) initiate heterotrophic remineralization by hydrolyzing high-molecularweight organic matter to substrates that are sufficiently small (approximately 600 Da) to be transported across cell membranes. An accurate understanding of EE associated remineralization processes in sedimentary deposits requires measuring patterns of extracellular enzyme activity (EEA) with minimal disturbance of natural sediment structure. In this study, two-dimensional patterns of extracellular enzyme (leucine aminopeptidase) activity in shallow-water, marine sediments from Great Peconic Bay, Long Island, New York were examined seasonally at sub-millimeter resolution by using a newly developed EE planar fluorosensor. Comparisons of spatially averaged, vertical enzyme activity profiles measured using this …

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Influence Of Larval Behavior On Transport And Population Connectivity In A Realistic Simulation Of The California Current System, Patrick T. Drake, Christopher A. Edwards, Steven G. Morgan, Edward P. Dever Jan 2013

Influence Of Larval Behavior On Transport And Population Connectivity In A Realistic Simulation Of The California Current System, Patrick T. Drake, Christopher A. Edwards, Steven G. Morgan, Edward P. Dever

Journal of Marine Research

Using an implementation of the Region Ocean Modeling System, we investigate the influence of larval vertical swimming on spring dispersal for nearshore invertebrate species in the California Current System (CCS), with a focus on central California and the Bodega Bay area. Larvae are given a suite of idealized behaviors designed to reveal the importance of the surface boundary layer (SBL) to transport and settlement. Larvae remain near 5 m, 30 m, or transition between these depths using various strategies, including diel vertical migration (DVM) and ontogenetic vertical migration. Some behaviors result in modeled densities qualitatively similar to observed cross-shelf larval …

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Antimicrobial Resistance To 14 Antimicrobials In Marine Coastal Waters Around Northern Ireland: Use Of The Novel Relative Resistance Index As A Marker Of Ecological Status, Peter J. A. Moore, Juluri R. Rao, B. Cherie Millar, Colin E. Goldsmith, Wilson A. Coulter, John E. Moore Jan 2013

Antimicrobial Resistance To 14 Antimicrobials In Marine Coastal Waters Around Northern Ireland: Use Of The Novel Relative Resistance Index As A Marker Of Ecological Status, Peter J. A. Moore, Juluri R. Rao, B. Cherie Millar, Colin E. Goldsmith, Wilson A. Coulter, John E. Moore

Journal of Marine Research

Relatively little work has been published on the incidence of antibiotic resistance (ABR) in the marine microbiological environment, which is of importance to animal (fish, mammals, birds) health, zoonotic transmission, distribution of ABR bacteria with oceanic drift, and ultimately human health. A study was performed to determine the diversity of total ABR (intrinsic and acquired resistance) in marine bacteria in shallow coastal waters surrounding Northern Ireland through the use of a novel Relative Resistance Index (RRI) as a surrogate marker for ecological change, particularly in comparing marine water in commercial versus non-commercial sites. Total antibiotic resistance was observed to varying …

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Circulation And Cross-Shelf Transport In The Florida Big Bend, Austin C. Todd, Steven L. Morey, Eric P. Chassignet Jan 2013

Circulation And Cross-Shelf Transport In The Florida Big Bend, Austin C. Todd, Steven L. Morey, Eric P. Chassignet

Journal of Marine Research

The Florida Big Bend region in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico contains both spawning sites and nursery habitats for a variety of economically valuable marine species. One species, the gag grouper (Mycteroperca microlepis), relies on the shelf circulation to distribute larvae from shelf-break spawning grounds to coastal sea-grass nurseries each spring. Therefore, identifying the dominant circulation features and physical mechanisms that contribute to cross-shelf transport during the springtime is a necessary step in understanding the variation of the abundance of this reef fish. The mean circulation features and onshore transport pathways are investigated using a numerical ocean model …

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Eddy Induced Kuroshio Intrusions Onto The Continental Shelf Of The East China Sea, Pedro Vélez-Belchí, Luca R. Centurioni, Dong-Kyu Lee, Sen Jan, Pearn P. Niiler Jan 2013

Eddy Induced Kuroshio Intrusions Onto The Continental Shelf Of The East China Sea, Pedro Vélez-Belchí, Luca R. Centurioni, Dong-Kyu Lee, Sen Jan, Pearn P. Niiler

Journal of Marine Research

The Kuroshio is known to intrude onto the continental shelf in the southern East China Sea (ECS) northeast of Taiwan. Two types of intrusions are observed: large and small, depending on how far the Kuroshio penetrates onto the ECS continental shelf, and on the location where it crosses the shelf break. This study demonstrates that cyclonic eddies from the western Pacific induce some of these large Kuroshio intrusions. The large intrusions are identified from more than 20 years of drifter tracks archived in the Global Drifter Program historical database and from weekly and biweekly drifter deployments carried out between April …

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Numerical Study Of Cold Dome Variability Induced By Typhoon Morakot (2009) Off Northeastern Taiwan, Yaling Tsai, Ching-Sheng Chern, Sen Jan, Joe Wang Jan 2013

Numerical Study Of Cold Dome Variability Induced By Typhoon Morakot (2009) Off Northeastern Taiwan, Yaling Tsai, Ching-Sheng Chern, Sen Jan, Joe Wang

Journal of Marine Research

The ocean response to the passage of Typhoon Morakot (2009) near the continental shelf of the East China Sea off northeastern Taiwan was evaluated using a numerical ocean model to clarify how the permanent upwelling feature in this region was changed during this storm event. Several studies have identified the presence of the Kuroshio subsurface water in this Cold Dome region, which results from the interactions among the monsoon, the Kuroshio and the shelf topography. This study shows how tropical cyclone Morakot's passage quickly disturbed the circulation around Taiwan and induced a short-period intrusion of the Kuroshio water onto the …

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Spatial Distribution Of Alitta Virens And Clymenella Torquata With Respect To Rigid Boundaries In Mud And Sand, Kevin T. Du Clos, Sara M. Lindsay, Peter A. Jumars Jan 2013

Spatial Distribution Of Alitta Virens And Clymenella Torquata With Respect To Rigid Boundaries In Mud And Sand, Kevin T. Du Clos, Sara M. Lindsay, Peter A. Jumars

Journal of Marine Research

Recent advances in understanding of sediment material properties and of burrowing mechanics suggest likely differences in the behavior of organisms burrowing in mud and sand. The path of least resistance in the mud may lead an infaunal organism to burrow along a rigid wall. By contrast, in sand, force chains may prevent a burrowing organism from reaching a rigid wall. Burrowing in mud occurs primarily by the propagation of cracks. Cracks, and hence burrows, tend to propagate along rigid walls. In sand, force chains comprise collections of particles that experience much more stress than their neighbors. Stress chains tend to …

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