Digital Commons Network^™

Social Security And The African American Male (A Cash Transfer System), Eddie Davis

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

All employed workers are required to contribute to the Social Security System; however,a disproportionatep ercentage of African American males never live long enough to collect any benefits from their contributions. On the other hand, the life-expectancy of white males is significantly longer than the life expectancy of African American males, and their collection of Social Security benefits tends to exceed their contributions to the system. The federal government keeps the Social Security system from becoming completely solvent by raiding it of any surplus funds it collects; thereby, preventing the Social Security Fund from developing interest income, and accumulating funds for …

The Meaning Of Computers To A Group Of Men Who Are Homeless., Kathleen Swenson Miller, Stacey Bunch-Harrison, Brett Brumbaugh, Rekha Sankaran Kutty, Kathleen Fitzgerald

Department of Occupational Therapy Faculty Papers

The purpose of this pilot study was to explore the experience with computers and the meaning of computers to a group of homeless men living in a long-term shelter. This descriptive exploratory study used semistructured interviews with seven men who had been given access to computers and had participated in individually tailored occupation based interventions through a Work Readiness Program. Three themes emerged from analyzing the interviews: access to computers, computers as a bridge to life-skill development, and changed self-perceptions as a result of connecting to technology. Because they lacked computer knowledge and feared failure, the majority of study participants …

Quantitative 1h Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging Determines Therapeutic Immunization Efficacy In An Animal Model Of Parkinson's Disease., Michael D. Boska, Travis B. Lewis, Christopher J. Destache, Eric J. Benner, Jay A. Nelson, Mariano Uberti, R. Lee Mosley, Howard Gendelman

Journal Articles: Radiology

Nigrostriatal degeneration, the pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD), is mirrored by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) intoxication. MPTP-treated animals show the common behavioral, motor, and pathological features of human disease. We demonstrated previously that adoptive transfer of Copaxone (Cop-1) immune cells protected the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway in MPTP-intoxicated mice. Herein, we evaluated this protection by quantitative proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (1H MRSI). 1H MRSI performed in MPTP-treated mice demonstrated that N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) was significantly diminished in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and striatum, regions most affected in human disease. When the same regions were coregistered with immunohistochemical stains for …

Transient Inactivation Of Perirhinal Cortex Disrupts Encoding, Retrieval, And Consolidation Of Object Recognition Memory., Boyer D Winters, Timothy J Bussey

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Damage to perirhinal cortex (PRh) impairs object recognition memory in humans, monkeys, and rats when tested in tasks such as delayed nonmatching to sample, visual paired comparison, and its rodent analog, the spontaneous object recognition task. In the present study, we have capitalized on the discrete one-trial nature of the spontaneous object recognition task to investigate the role of PRh in several distinct stages of object recognition memory. In a series of experiments, transient inactivation of PRh was accomplished with bilateral infusions of lidocaine directly into PRh immediately before the sample phase (encoding), immediately before the choice phase (retrieval), or …

The Validity Of The Brief Version Of The Fear Of Negative Evaluation Scale., Kerry A Collins, Henny A Westra, David J A Dozois, Sherry H Stewart

Psychology Publications

The Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale [FNE; J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 33 (1969) 448] is a commonly used measure of social anxiety. A brief version of the scale (FNEB) is available for convenient administration. Despite being widely advocated for use, the psychometric properties of the FNEB have not been evaluated with clinically anxious samples. The present study addressed the reliability and validity of the FNEB in a clinical sample of individuals with either social phobia (n = 82) or panic disorder (n = 99) presenting for treatment. Factor analysis supported the construct validity of the FNEB. The validity of the …

A Pilot Randomized, Controlled Trial Of An In-Home Drinking Water Intervention Among Hiv + Persons, John M. Colford, Sona R. Saha, Timothy J. Wade, Catherine C. Wright, Mai Vu, Sandra Charles, Peter Jensen, Alan Hubbard, Deborah A. Levy, Joseph N. S. Eisenberg

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

Although immunocompromised persons may be at increased risk for gastrointestinal illnesses, no trials investigating drinking water treatment and gastrointestinal illness in such patients have been published. Earlier results from San Francisco suggested an association (OR 6.76) between tap water and cryptosporidiosis among HIV + persons. The authors conducted a randomized, triple-blinded intervention trial of home water treatment in San Francisco, California, from April 2000 to May 2001. Fifty HIV-positive patients were randomized to externally identical active (N = 24) or sham (N = 26) treatment devices. The active device contained a filter and UV light; the sham provided no treatment. …

A Randomized, Controlled Trial Of In-Home Drinking Water Intervention To Reduce Gastrointestinal Illness, John M. Colford, Timothy J. Wade, Sukhminder K. Sandhu, Catherine C. Wright, Sherline Lee, Susan Shaw, Kim Fox, Susan Burns, Anne Benker, M. Alan Brookhart, Mark Van Der Laan, Deborah A. Levy

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

Trials have provided conflicting estimates of the risk of gastrointestinal illness attributable to tap water. To estimate this risk in an Iowa community with a well-run water utility with microbiologically challenged source water, the authors of this 2000-2002 study randomly assigned blinded volunteers to use externally identical devices (active device: 227 households with 646 persons; sham device: 229 households with 650 persons) for 6 months (cycle A). Each group then switched to the opposite device for 6 months (cycle B). The active device contained a 1-microm absolute ceramic filter and used ultraviolet light. Episodes of "highly credible gastrointestinal illness," a …

Prevalence Of Obesity And Lack Of Physical Activity Among Kentucky Adolescents, Hatim A. Omar, Kristin Rager

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Lack of physical activity and overweight status continues to be a significant health problem in the United States. To assess the actual prevalence of these problems, we reviewed data from the School-based Health Promotion Centers in one middle school, and one High school in central Kentucky. A total of 232 6th graders and 607 9th graders were included. A total of 92% of 6th graders and 45% of 9th graders reported complete lack of regular exercise. 37% of 9th graders and 59% of 6th graders had inappropriate nutrition, 47% of 9th graders and 33% of 6th graders had Body Mass …

Duration Of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes Differentially Affects P38-Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (Mapk) Phosphorylation In Renal And Vascular Dysfunction, H. Chen, S. Brahmbhatt, A. Gupta, Avadhesh C. Sharma

PCOM Scholarly Works

Background: In the present study we tested the hypothesis that progression of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes (14-days to 28-days) would produce renal and vascular dysfunction that correlate with altered p38- mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38-MAPK) phosphorylation in kidneys and thoracic aorta. Methods: Male Sprague Dawley rats (350-400 g) were randomized into three groups: sham (N = 6), 14-days diabetic (N = 6) and 28-days diabetic rats (N = 6). Diabetes was induced using a single tail vein injection of STZ (60 mg/kg, I.V.) on the first day. Rats were monitored for 28 days and food, water intake and plasma glucose levels were …

Perinatal Exposure To Low Levels Of The Environmental Antiandrogen Vinclozolin Alters Sex-Differentiated Social Play And Sexual Behaviors In The Rat, Nathan K.W. Colbert, Nicole C. Pelletier, Joyce M. Cote, John B. Concannon, Nicole A. Jurdak, Sara B. Minott, Vincent P. Markowski

Psychology

In this study we examined the effects of exposure to the antiandrogenic fungicide vindozolin (Vz) on the development of two sex-differentiated behaviors that are organized by the perinatal actions of androgens. Pregnant Long-Evans rats were administered a daily oral dose of 0, 1.5, 3, 6, or 12 mg/kg Vz from the 14th day of gestation through posnatal day (PND)3. The social play behavior of juvenile offspring was examined on PND22 and again on PND34 during play sessions with a same-sex littermate. After they reached adulthood, the male offspring were examined with the ex copula penile reflex procedure to assess erectile …

The Relationship Between Future Orientation And Street Substance Use Among Texas Alternative School Students, R J Peters, Susan R Tortolero, Regina Jones Johnson, Robert C Addy, Christine M Markham, S Liliana Escobar-Chaves, Holly Lewis, George S Yacoubian

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Self-reported substance use data were collected from 963 alternative school students in grades 7-12 who were surveyed through the Safer Choices 2 study in Houston, Texas. Data were collected between October 2000 and March 2001. Logistic regression analyses indicated that lower levels of future orientation was significantly associated (OR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.81-0.97) with thirty-day substance use after controlling for age and gender. In addition, lower levels of future orientation was found to have a significant association with students' lifetime substance use (OR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.87-.99) after controlling for age, race, and gender. While the …

Medical Symptoms Associated With Tobacco Smoking With And Without Marijuana Abuse Among Crack Cocaine-Dependent Patients., Ashwin A. Patkar, Vikas Batra, Paolo Mannelli, Sarah Evers-Casey, Michael J. Vergare, Frank T. Leone

Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior Faculty Papers

Despite the widespread use of tobacco and marijuana by cocaine abusers, it remains unclear whether combined tobacco and marijuana smoking is more harmful than tobacco smoking alone in cocaine abusers. We investigated the differences in medical symptoms reported among 34 crack cocaine abusers who did not smoke tobacco or marijuana (C), 86 crack cocaine abusers who also smoked tobacco (C + T), and 48 crack abusers who smoked both tobacco and marijuana (C + T + M). Medical symptoms were recorded using a 134-item self-report instrument (MILCOM), and drug use was assessed using the Addiction Severity Index (ASI). After controlling …

Arachidonic Acid Inhibits The Insulin Induction Of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Via P38 Map Kinase, Indrani Talukdar, Wioletta Szeszel-Fedorowicz, Lisa M. Salati

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Muscle Cramps And Weakness Secondary To Graft Versus Host Disease Fasciitis., Camille B. Carroll, D. A. Hilton, M. Hamon, J. P. Zajicek

Peninsula Medical School

No abstract provided.

Pharmacokinetics Of Once-Daily Amikacin In Healthy Foals And Therapeutic Drug Monitoring In Hospitalized Equine Neonates, Erica Paige Bucki, Steeve Giguère, Margo Macpherson, Rachel E. Davis

Faculty Publications

The objectives of this study were to investigate the pharmacokinetics of once-daily amikacin in healthy neonates, to determine amikacin concentrations in hospitalized foals, and to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of amikacin against gram-negative isolates from blood cultures in septic foals. Median half-life, clearance, and volume of distribution of amikacin in healthy 2- to 3-day-old foals after administration of an intravenous bolus of amikacin (25 mg/kg) were 5.07 hours (4.86-5.45 hours), 1.82 mL/min/kg (1.35-1.97 mL/min/kg), and 0.785 L/kg (0.638-0.862 L/kg), respectively. Statistically significant (P or = 3 microg/mL between the 2 groups. An initial dose at 25 mg/kg is …

Academic Performance Of Psychiatrists Compared To Other Specialists Before, During, And After Medical School., Frederick S. Sierles, Michael Vergare, Mohammadreza Hojat, Joseph S. Gonnella

Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior Faculty Papers

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to compare psychiatrists with other physicians on measures of academic performance before, during, and after medical school.

METHOD: More than three decades of data for graduates of Jefferson Medical College (N=5,701) were analyzed. Those who pursued psychiatry were compared to physicians in seven other specialties on 18 performance measures. Analysis of covariance was used to control for gender effect.

RESULTS: Compared to other physicians, psychiatrists scored higher on measures of verbal ability and general information before medical school and on evaluations of knowledge and skills in behavioral sciences during medical school, but they scored lower …

Predictors Of Paralysis In The Rheumatoid Cervical Spine In Patients Undergoing Total Joint Arthroplasty., Jonathan N Grauer, Edwin M Tingstad, Nahshon Rand, Michael J Christie, Alan Hilibrand

Rothman Institute Papers

BACKGROUND: Rheumatoid arthritis is sometimes associated with radiographic evidence of instability of the cervical spine, most commonly an abnormal subluxation between vertebrae. When this instability compromises the space that is available for the spinal cord, it may be predictive of paralysis. However, the prevalence of radiographic signs of instability that are predictive of paralysis among patients with nonspinal orthopaedic manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis is unknown.

METHODS: Radiographs of the cervical spine of patients with rheumatoid arthritis who had undergone total joint arthroplasty over a five-year period were retrospectively reviewed. The radiographs were evaluated for predictors of paralysis (a posterior atlantodental …

Double Dissociation Between The Effects Of Peri-Postrhinal Cortex And Hippocampal Lesions On Tests Of Object Recognition And Spatial Memory: Heterogeneity Of Function Within The Temporal Lobe., Boyer D Winters, Suzanna E Forwood, Rosemary A Cowell, Lisa M Saksida, Timothy J Bussey

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

It is widely believed that declarative memory is mediated by a medial temporal lobe memory system consisting of several distinct structures, including the hippocampus and perirhinal cortex. The strong version of this view assumes a high degree of functional homogeneity and serial organization within the medial temporal lobe, such that double dissociations between individual structures should not be possible. In the present study, we tested for a functional double dissociation between the hippocampus and peri-postrhinal cortex in a single experiment. Rats with bilateral excitotoxic lesions of either the hippocampus or peri-postrhinal cortex were assessed in tests of spatial memory (radial …

Comparison Of Transcranial Electric Motor And Somatosensory Evoked Potential Monitoring During Cervical Spine Surgery., Alan S Hilibrand, Daniel M Schwartz, Venkat Sethuraman, Alexander R Vaccaro, Todd J Albert

Rothman Institute Papers

BACKGROUND: There has been little enthusiasm for somatosensory evoked potential monitoring in cervical spine surgery as a result, in part, of the increased risk of motor tract injury at this level, to which somatosensory monitoring may be insensitive. Transcranial electric motor evoked potential monitoring allows assessment of the motor tracts; therefore, we compared transcranial electric motor evoked potential and somatosensory evoked potential monitoring during cervical spine surgery to determine the temporal relationship between the changes in the potentials demonstrated by each type of monitoring and neurological sequelae and to identify patient-related and surgical factors associated with intraoperative neurophysiological changes.

METHODS: …

Differences In Peripheral Noradrenergic Function Among Actively Drinking And Abstinent Alcohol-Dependent Individuals., Ashwin A. Patkar, Charles A. Marsden, Prakash C. Naik, David A. Kendall, Raman Gopalakrishnan, Michael J. Vergare, Stephen P. Weinstein

Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior Faculty Papers

We examined whether excessive alcohol consumption was related to changes in plasma levels of noradrenaline (NA) and whether these changes recover following abstinence. We also explored whether there were differences in NA levels between Type I and Type II alcoholics and controls during active drinking and abstinence. Plasma concentrations of NA were determined in (1) 27 Caucasian men with alcohol dependence who were regularly drinking (active drinkers) within 24 hours of hospitalization, (2) 29 Caucasian alcohol-dependent men who were in remission (abstinent for a minimum of three months), and (3) 28 race- and gender-matched healthy controls. NA concentrations were significantly …

The Cohesion Protein Ord Is Required For Homologue Bias During Meiotic Recombination, Hayley A. Webber, Louisa Howard, Sharon E. Bickel

Dartmouth Scholarship

During meiosis, sister chromatid cohesion is required for normal levels of homologous recombination, although how cohesion regulates exchange is not understood. Null mutations in orientation disruptor (ord) ablate arm and centromeric cohesion during Drosophila meiosis and severely reduce homologous crossovers in mutant oocytes. We show that ORD protein localizes along oocyte chromosomes during the stages in which recombination occurs. Although synaptonemal complex (SC) components initially associate with synapsed homologues in ord mutants, their localization is severely disrupted during pachytene progression, and normal tripartite SC is not visible by electron microscopy. In ord germaria, meiotic double strand breaks appear …

Indinavir And Rifabutin Drug Interactions In Healthy Volunteers., Walter K. Kraft, Jacqueline B. Mccrea, Gregory A. Winchell, Alexandra Carides, Richard C. Lowry, Eric J. Woolf, Sandra E. Kusma, Paul J. Deutsch, Howard E Greenberg, Scott A. Waldman

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

Two studies examined the pharmacokinetics of indinavir and rifabutin when coadministered in healthy subjects. Rifabutin, which induces the expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A, and indinavir, which inhibits that enzyme system, are frequently coadministered in patients infected with HIV. The second study was undertaken to determine if altering the dose of rifabutin coadministered with indinavir would minimize the drug interaction observed in the first study. Two studies, each with a three-period crossover design, were performed. In study 1, standard doses of rifabutin and indinavir (300 mg of rifabutin qd and 800 mg indinavir q8h) were administered as monotherapy (with placebo …

Mitotic Rate And Younger Age Are Predictors Of Sentinel Lymph Node Positivity: Lessons Learned From The Generation Of A Probabilistic Model., Vernon K Sondak, Jeremy M G Taylor, Michael S Sabel, Yue Wang, Lori Lowe, Amelia C Grover, Alfred E Chang, Alan M. Yahanda Md, Facs, James Moon, Timothy M Johnson

PCI Publications and Projects

BACKGROUND: Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy allows surgeons to identify patients with subclinical nodal involvement who may benefit from lymphadenectomy and, possibly, adjuvant therapy. Several factors have been variably, and sometimes discordantly, reported to have predictive value for SLN metastasis to best select which patients require SLN biopsy.

METHODS: We reviewed 419 patients who underwent SLN biopsy for melanoma from a prospectively collected melanoma database. To derive a probabilistic model for the occurrence of a positive SLN, a multivariate logistic model was fit by using a stepwise variable selection method. The accuracy of each model was evaluated by using receiver …

The Health Belief Model And Factors Relating To Potential Use Of A Vaccine For Shigellosis In Kaeng Koi District, Saraburi Province, Thailand, Piyarat Butraporn, Alfred Pach, Robert P. Pack, Rungwit Masngarmmeung

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Shigellosis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Approximately, 1.1 million deaths occur a year due to this disease, making it the fourth leading cause of mortality worldwide. This paper explores local interest in and potential use of a vaccine for shigellosis in Thailand where Shigella poses an important public-health concern. Data for this study were collected during June- November 2002 from 522 subjects surveyed using a sociobehavioural questionnaire in Kaeng Koi district in central Thailand. The community demand and likely use of a vaccine were examined in relation to the Health Belief Model, which provides …

Ec04-469 When Words Are Used As Weapons: The Signs Of Verbal Abuse (Part 2 Of A Four Part Series), Kathy Bosch

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Verbal abuse finally is being recognized as a form of domestic violence and as the behavior that usually precedes physical violence. There has been little support for individuals who are verbally abused because it's not as readily visible as a black eye or bruise. However, many individuals, particularly women, suffer with verbal assaults from their partners.

Ec04-464 There's No Excuse For Abuse (Part 1 Of A Four Part Series), Kathy Bosch

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

In this series of four articles, information will be provided from the Family Violence Prevention Fund, the Nebraska and Kansas Coalitions Against Sexual and Domestic Violence, K-State Research and Extension, Nebraska Cooperative Extension, and many other research-based sources. You will learn more about how you can help a woman who is being abused, how you can offer support to children in abusive situations, how you may approach potential abusers, how to access resources, steps that can be taken in the workplace to help end domestic violence, what to teach children about partner abuse, how to raise community awareness, and how …

Hepatic Disposition Of Cyclosporine A In Isolated Perfused Rat Livers, Reza Mehvar, Anjaneya Chimalakonda

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

PURPOSE. To develop an isolated perfused rat liver model to study the hepatic disposition of cyclosporine A (CyA) in both sexes.

METHODS. Livers were isolated from male (n = 6) and female (n = 7) rats and perfused with a physiological buffer in a single-pass manner. A bolus 1-mg dose of CyA was injected into the inlet catheter and periodical samples (0-15 min) were collected from the outlet perfusate. The concentrations of CyA in the outlet perfusate, collected bile (0-15 min), and liver tissue (at the end of perfusion) were quantitated by HPLC and subjected to statistical moment analysis. …

Ec04-470 When Words Are Used As Weapons: What Can I Do? (Part 3 Of A Four Part Series), Kathy Bosch

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

In the midst of conflict, it's sometimes difficult to determine if the argument is hostile or actually a misunderstanding. However, according to Elaine Johannes, Kansas State University Extension family and community mental health specialist, if the conflict intentionally humiliates, degrades, belittles or antagonizes, there is no confusion whether or not the conflict comes from conversational style differences; it's definitely abuse.

One theory that examines the lack of understanding between women and men is attributed to gender differences in the ways they speak. Problems may exist when couples ignore these differences in conversational styles. The differences are neither good or bad, …

Effect Of Antisense Oligodeoxynucleotides For Icam-1 On Renal Ischaemia–Reperfusion Injury In The Anaesthetised Rat, L.V. Kiew, M. Abdul Sattar, C.H. Law, N.A. Abdullah, N. Abdul Rahman, K. Khalifah Sidik, E.J. Edward J. Johns

Research Publications (2000 to 2005)

An antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (As-ODN) to the 3’ untranslated region of the mRNA sequence expressing the intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) was employed to determine ICAM-1’s role in renal ischaemia–reperfusion injury in the rat. Wistar-Kyoto rats receiving I.V. either lipofectin–As-ODN (As-ODN group), lipofectin–reverse ODN (Rv-ODN group) or lipofectin (ischaemia control group) 8 h prior to study were anaesthetized and subjected to 30 min of renal artery occlusion. Renal haemodynamic and excretory parameters were monitored before and after renal ischaemia. On termination of the study renal tissue was subjected to histological and Western blot analysis. Renal blood flow decreased in the 3 h …

Modeling Of Hemoglobin In Dengue Fever And Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Using Bioelectrical Impedance, F. Ibrahim, N.A. Ismail, M.N. Taib, W.A.B. Wan Abas

Research Publications (2000 to 2005)

This paper describes a model for predicting hemoglobin (Hb) by using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) in dengue patients in the Hospital Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (HUKM). Bioelectrical impedance measurements were conducted on 83 (47 males and 36 females) serologically confirmed dengue fever (DF) and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) patients during their hospitalization. The predictive equation for Hb was derived using multivariate analysis. We investigated all the parameters in BIA, patients' symptom and demographic data. In this developed model, four predictors (reactance (Xc), sex, weight and vomiting) were found to be the best predictive factors for modeling Hb in dengue patients. However, …