Digital Commons Network^™

Positive Information Facilitates Response Inhibition In Older Adults Only When Emotion Is Task-Relevant, Samantha E Williams, Eric J Lenze, Jill D Waring

Open Access Publications

Emotional information is integral to everyday life and impacts a variety of cognitive abilities including response inhibition, a critical skill for maintaining appropriate and flexible behaviour. However, reported effects of emotion on response inhibition are inconsistent in younger adults, and very limited in older adults. Effects of aging are especially relevant because emotion regulation improves with aging despite declining inhibitory control over neutral information. Across three studies, we assessed the impact of emotional facial expressions on response inhibition in younger and older adults while manipulating attention to task stimuli. Emotional faces (versus neutral faces) altered response inhibition only when task …

Antibody Profiling Of Patients With Prostate Cancer Reveals Differences In Antibody Signatures Among Disease Stages, Hemanth K Potluri, Tun Lee Ng, Michael A Newton, Jin Zhang, Christopher A Maher, Peter S Nelson, Douglas G Mcneel

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Previous studies of prostate cancer autoantibodies have largely focused on diagnostic applications. So far, there have been no reports attempting to more comprehensively profile the landscape of prostate cancer-associated antibodies. Specifically, it is unknown whether the quantity of antibodies or the types of proteins recognized change with disease progression.

METHODS: A peptide microarray spanning the amino acid sequences of the gene products of 1611 prostate cancer-associated genes was synthesized. Serum samples from healthy male volunteers (n=15) and patients with prostate cancer (n=85) were used to probe the array. These samples included patients with various clinical stages of disease: newly …

Evolution Of The Epigenetic Landscape In Childhood B Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia And Its Role In Drug Resistance, Shella Saint Fleur-Lominy, Nikki A. Evensen, Teena Bhatla, Gunjan Sethia, Sonali Narang, Jun H. Choi, Xiaotu Ma, Jun J. Yang, Stephen Kelly, Elizabeth Raetz, Richard C. Harvey, Cheryl Willman, Mignon L. Loh, Stephen P. Hunger, Patrick A. Brown, Kylie M. Getz, Cem Meydan, Christopher E. Mason, Aristotelis Tsirigos, William Carroll

Pathology Research and Scholarship

Although B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is the most common malignancy in children and while highly curable, it remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. The outgrowth of tumor subclones carrying mutations in genes responsible for resistance to therapy has led to a Darwinian model of clonal selection. Previous work has indicated that alterations in the epigenome might contribute to clonal selection, yet the extent to which the chromatin state is altered under the selective pressures of therapy is unknown. To address this, we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation, gene expression analysis, and enhanced reduced representation bisulfite sequencing on a cohort of …

A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial Evaluating Effects Of Lebrikizumab On Airway Eosinophilic Inflammation And Remodelling In Uncontrolled Asthma (Clavier), Cary D Austin, Kaharu Sumino, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: The anti-interleukin 13 (IL-13) monoclonal antibody lebrikizumab improves lung function in patients with moderate-to-severe uncontrolled asthma, but its effects on airway inflammation and remodelling are unknown. CLAVIER was designed to assess lebrikizumab's effect on eosinophilic inflammation and remodelling.

OBJECTIVE: To report safety and efficacy results from enrolled participants with available data from CLAVIER.

METHODS: We performed bronchoscopy on patients with uncontrolled asthma before and after 12 weeks of randomized double-blinded treatment with lebrikizumab (n = 31) or placebo (n = 33). The pre-specified primary end-point was relative change in airway subepithelial eosinophils per mm

RESULTS: There was a baseline …

Sequence Analysis In Bos Taurus Reveals Pervasiveness Of X-Y Arms Races In Mammalian Lineages, Jennifer F Hughes, Colin Kremitzki, Catrina Fronick, Tina A Graves-Lindsay, Lucinda Fulton, Wesley C Warren, Richard K Wilson, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Studies of Y Chromosome evolution have focused primarily on gene decay, a consequence of suppression of crossing-over with the X Chromosome. Here, we provide evidence that suppression of X-Y crossing-over unleashed a second dynamic: selfish X-Y arms races that reshaped the sex chromosomes in mammals as different as cattle, mice, and men. Using super-resolution sequencing, we explore the Y Chromosome of

The Cortico-Limbo-Thalamo-Cortical Circuits: An Update To The Original Papez Circuit Of The Human Limbic System, Eric J Thomas, J Bryan Sexton

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVES: Key validated clinical metrics are being used individually and in aggregate (Baby-MONITOR) to monitor the performance of neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). The degree to which perceptions of key components of safety culture, safety climate, and teamwork are related to aspects of NICU quality of care is poorly understood. The objective of this study was to test whether NICU performance on key clinical metrics correlates with caregiver perceptions of safety culture.

STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study of 6253 very low-birth-weight infants in 44 NICUs. We measured clinical quality via the Baby-MONITOR and its nine risk-adjusted and standardized subcomponents (antenatal corticosteroids, …

Model For End-Stage Liver Disease-Sodium Underestimates 90-Day Mortality Risk In Patients With Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure, Abbas Rana, Hashem B El-Serag, Fasiha Kanwal

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND & AIMS: It is unclear whether the model for end-stage liver disease-sodium (MELD-Na) score captures the clinical severity of acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF). We compared observed 90-day mortality in patients with ACLF with expected mortality based on the calculated MELD-Na and examined the consequences of underestimating clinical severity.

METHODS: We identified patients with ACLF during hospitalization for cirrhosis in 127 VA hospitals between 01/01/2004 and 12/31/2014. We examined MELD-Na scores by ACLF presence and grade. We used actual and observed 90-day mortality to estimate a standardized mortality ratio (SMR) by ACLF presence and grade. We used transplant center-specific median …

Epilepsy Risk Prediction Model For Patients With Tuberous Sclerosis Complex, Darcy A Krueger, Hope Northrup, Tacern Study Group

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Individuals with tuberous sclerosis complex are at increased risk of epilepsy. Early seizure control improves developmental outcomes, making identifying at-risk patients critically important. Despite several identified risk factors, it remains difficult to predict. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the combined risk prediction of previously identified risk factors for epilepsy in individuals with tuberous sclerosis complex.

METHODS: The study group (n = 333) consisted of individuals with tuberous sclerosis complex who were enrolled in the Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Autism Center of Excellence Research Network and UT TSC Biobank. The outcome was defined as having an epilepsy diagnosis. …

Patient Factors Influencing Acute Gluten Reactions And Cytokine Release In Treated Coeliac Disease., Jason A Tye-Din, A James M Daveson, Kaela E Goldstein, Holly L Hand, Kristin M Neff, Gautam Goel, Leslie J Williams, Kenneth E Truitt, Robert P Anderson, Anthony Dimariono (Reset Ced Study Group)

Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Patients with coeliac disease (CD) commonly report a variety of adverse symptoms to gluten, but descriptions of the symptomatic response in the literature may have been confounded by the presence of food components such as fermentable carbohydrates (FODMAPs) causing symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome independent of gluten. In recent unmasked and masked low FODMAP gluten challenge studies in small groups of treated CD patients, nausea and vomiting were shown to be the key symptoms associated with serum interleukin (IL)-2 release. Our objective was to utilise a large and diverse cohort of people with CD undertaking a standardised gluten food …

Carfilzomib, Lenalidomide, And Dexamethasone Plus Transplant In Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma, Jagoda K Jasielec, Ravi Vij, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

In this phase 2 multicenter study, we evaluated the incorporation of autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) into a carfilzomib-lenalidomide-dexamethasone (KRd) regimen for patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM). Transplant-eligible patients with NDMM received 4 cycles of KRd induction, ASCT, 4 cycles of KRd consolidation, and 10 cycles of KRd maintenance. The primary end point was rate of stringent complete response (sCR) after 8 cycles of KRd with a predefined threshold of ≥50% to support further study. Seventy-six patients were enrolled with a median age of 59 years (range, 40-76 years), and 35.5% had high-risk cytogenetics. The primary end point …

Altered Capicua Expression Drives Regional Purkinje Neuron Vulnerability Through Ion Channel Gene Dysregulation In Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 1, Ravi Chopra, David D Bushart, John P Cooper, Dhananjay Yellajoshyula, Logan M Morrison, Haoran Huang, Hillary P Handler, Luke J Man, Warunee Dansithong, Daniel R Scoles, Stefan M Pulst, Harry T Orr, Vikram G Shakkottai

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Selective neuronal vulnerability in neurodegenerative disease is poorly understood. Using the ATXN1[82Q] model of spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1), we explored the hypothesis that regional differences in Purkinje neuron degeneration could provide novel insights into selective vulnerability. ATXN1[82Q] Purkinje neurons from the anterior cerebellum were found to degenerate earlier than those from the nodular zone, and this early degeneration was associated with selective dysregulation of ion channel transcripts and altered Purkinje neuron spiking. Efforts to understand the basis for selective dysregulation of channel transcripts revealed modestly increased expression of the ATXN1 co-repressor Capicua (Cic) in anterior cerebellar Purkinje neurons. Importantly, …

Central Nervous System Pathology In Preclinical Mps Iiib Dogs Reveals Progressive Changes In Clinically Relevant Brain Regions, Martin T Egeland, Marta M Tarczyluk-Wells, Melissa M Asmar, Evan G Adintori, Roger Lawrence, Elizabeth M Snella, Jackie K Jens, Brett E Crawford, Jill C M Wait, Emma Mccullagh, Jason Pinkstaff, Jonathan D Cooper, N Matthew Ellinwood

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIB (MPS IIIB; Sanfilippo syndrome B) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder caused by the deficiency of alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity, leading to increased levels of nondegraded heparan sulfate (HS). A mouse model has been useful to evaluate novel treatments for MPS IIIB, but has limitations. In this study, we evaluated the naturally occurring canine model of MPS IIIB for the onset and progression of biochemical and neuropathological changes during the preclinical stages (onset approximately 24-30 months of age) of canine MPS IIIB disease. Even by 1 month of age, MPS IIIB dogs had elevated HS levels in brain …

A Phase 1b Study Of Afm13 In Combination With Pembrolizumab In Patients With Relapsed Or Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma, Nancy L Bartlett, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

In relapsed/refractory Hodgkin lymphoma (R/R HL), immunotherapies such as the anti-programmed death-1 inhibitor pembrolizumab have demonstrated efficacy as monotherapy and are playing an increasingly prominent role in treatment. The CD30/CD16A-bispecific antibody AFM13 is an innate immune cell engager, a first-in-class, tetravalent antibody, designed to create a bridge between CD30 on HL cells and the CD16A receptor on natural killer cells and macrophages, to induce tumor cell killing. Early studies of AFM13 have demonstrated signs of efficacy as monotherapy for patients with R/R HL and the combination of AFM13 with pembrolizumab represents a rational new treatment modality. Here, we describe a …

Functional Genomic Analyses Uncover Apoe-Mediated Regulation Of Brain And Cerebrospinal Fluid Beta-Amyloid Levels In Parkinson Disease, Laura Ibanez, Jorge A Bahena, Chengran Yang, Umber Dube, Fabiana H G Farias, John P Budde, Kristy Bergmann, Carol Brenner-Webster, John C Morris, Richard J Perrin, Nigel J Cairns, John O'Donnell, Rebecca Miller, Albert A Davis, Paul Kotzbauer, Meghan C Campbell, Joel S Perlmutter, Oscar Harari, Carlos Cruchaga, Bruno A Benitez, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Alpha-synuclein is the main protein component of Lewy bodies, the pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease. However, genetic modifiers of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) alpha-synuclein levels remain unknown. The use of CSF levels of amyloid beta

Full-Length Trkb Variant In Nsclc Is Associated With Brain Metastasis, Mariangela Lombardi, Michela D'Ascanio, Stefania Scarpino, Davide Scozzi, Marco Giordano, Leopoldo Costarelli, Enrico Rathina Raj, Rita Mancini, Giuseppe Cardillo, Vittorio Cardaci, Marta Innammorato, Andrea Vecchione, Alberto Ricci

Open Access Publications

Despite remarkable therapeutic advances have been made in the last few decades, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is still one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Brain metastases are a common complication of a wide range of human malignancies and in particular NSCLC. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), binding its high-affinity tyrosine kinase B receptor, has been shown to promote cancer progression and metastasis. We hereby investigated the expression of the BDNF and its TrkB receptor in its full-length and truncated isoform T1, in samples from primary adenocarcinomas (ADKs) of the lung and in their metastasis to evaluate if their …

Anemocheck-Lrs: An Optimized, Color-Based Point-Of-Care Test To Identify Severe Anemia In Limited-Resource Settings, Marina S Perez-Plazola, Erika A Tyburski, Luke R Smart, Thad A Howard, Amanda Pfeiffer, Russell E Ware, Wilbur A Lam, Patrick T Mcgann

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Severe anemia is common and frequently fatal for hospitalized patients in limited-resource settings. Lack of access to low-cost, accurate, and rapid diagnosis of anemia impedes the delivery of life-saving care and appropriate use of the limited blood supply. The WHO Haemoglobin Colour Scale (HCS) is a simple low-cost test but frequently inaccurate. AnemoCheck-LRS (limited-resource settings) is a rapid, inexpensive, color-based point-of-care (POC) test optimized to diagnose severe anemia.

METHODS: Deidentified whole blood samples were diluted with plasma to create variable hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations, with most in the severe (≤ 7 g/dL) or profound (≤ 5 g/dL) anemia range. Each …

Impact Of Diabetes On The Gut And Salivary Iga Microbiomes, Sarah M Gunter, Goo Jun, David Aguilar, William B Perkison, Craig L Hanis, Herbert L Dupont

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Mucosal surfaces like those present in the lung, gut, and mouth interface with distinct external environments. These mucosal gateways are not only portals of entry for potential pathogens but also homes to microbial communities that impact host health. Secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) is the single most abundant acquired immune component secreted onto mucosal surfaces and, via the process of immune exclusion, shapes the architecture of these microbiomes. Not all microorganisms at mucosal surfaces are targeted by SIgA; therefore, a better understanding of the SIgA-coated fraction may identify the microbial constituents that stimulate host immune responses in the context of health …

Impact Of Prior Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting In Patients ≥75 Years Old Presenting With Acute Myocardial Infarction (From The National Readmission Database), Alejandro Lemor, Gabriel A. Hernandez, Mir B. Basir, Sati Patel, Pedro A. Villablanca, Khaldoon Alaswad, William O'Neill

Cardiology Articles

Patients ≥75 years old presenting with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have complex coronary anatomy in part due t

Patients ≥75 years old presenting with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have complex coronary anatomy in part due to prior coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI), calcific and valvular disease. Using the National Readmission Database from January 2016 to November 2017, we identified hospital admissions for acute myocardial infarction in patients ≥75 years old and divided them based on a history of CABG. We evaluated in-hospital outcomes, 30-day mortality, 30-day readmission and predictors of PCI in cohorts. Out of a …

Non-Negative Data-Driven Mapping Of Structural Connections With Application To The Neonatal Brain, E Thompson, A R Mohammadi-Nejad, E C Robinson, J L R Andersson, S Jbabdi, M F Glasser, M Bastiani, S N Sotiropoulos

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Mapping connections in the neonatal brain can provide insight into the crucial early stages of neurodevelopment that shape brain organisation and lay the foundations for cognition and behaviour. Diffusion MRI and tractography provide unique opportunities for such explorations, through estimation of white matter bundles and brain connectivity. Atlas-based tractography protocols, i.e. a priori defined sets of masks and logical operations in a template space, have been commonly used in the adult brain to drive such explorations. However, rapid growth and maturation of the brain during early development make it challenging to ensure correspondence and validity of such atlas-based tractography approaches …

A Praziquantel Treatment Study Of Immune And Transcriptome Profiles In Schistosoma Haematobium-Infected Gabonese Schoolchildren, Lucja A Labuda, Ayola A Adegnika, Bruce A Rosa, John Martin, Ulysse Ateba-Ngoa, Abena Serwaa Amoah, Honorine Mbenkep Lima, Lynn Meurs, Moustapha Mbow, Mikhael D Manurung, Jeannot F Zinsou, Hermelijn H Smits, Peter G Kremsner, Makedonka Mitreva, Maria Yazdanbakhsh

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Although Schistosoma haematobium infection has been reported to be associated with alterations in immune function, in particular immune hyporesponsiveness, there have been only few studies that have used the approach of removing infection by drug treatment to establish this and to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms.

METHODS: Schistosoma haematobium-infected schoolchildren were studied before and after praziquantel treatment and compared with uninfected controls. Cellular responses were characterized by cytokine production and flow cytometry, and in a subset of children RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) transcriptome profiling was performed.

RESULTS: Removal of S haematobium infection resulted in increased schistosome-specific cytokine responses that were …

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infections In Children: Multicenter Surveillance, United States, January-March 2020., Brian Rha, Joana Y. Lively, Janet A. Englund, Mary A. Staat, Geoffrey A. Weinberg, Rangaraj Selvarangan, Natasha B. Halasa, John V. Williams, Julie A. Boom, Leila C. Sahni, Marian G. Michaels, Laura S. Stewart, Christopher J. Harrison, Peter G. Szilagyi, Monica M. Mcneal, Eileen J. Klein, Bonnie Strelitz, Kirsten Lacombe, Elizabeth Schlaudecker, Mary Moffatt, Jennifer E. Schuster, Barbara A. Pahud, Gina Weddle, Robert W. Hickey, Vasanthi Avadhanula, Mary E. Wikswo, Aron J. Hall, Aaron T. Curns, Susan I. Gerber, Gayle Langley

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Previous reports of coronavirus disease 2019 among children in the United States have been based on health jurisdiction reporting. We performed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing on children enrolled in active, prospective, multicenter surveillance during January-March 2020. Among 3187 children, only 4 (0.1%) SARS-CoV-2-positive cases were identified March 20-31 despite evidence of rising community circulation.

Young Versus Aged Microbiota Transplants To Germ-Free Mice: Increased Short-Chain Fatty Acids And Improved Cognitive Performance, Huanan Shi, Jacob Hudobenko, Nagireddy Putluri, Joseph Petrosino, Louise D Mccullough, Robert M Bryan

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Aging is associated with cognitive decline and decreased concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the gut. SCFAs are significant in that they are protective to the gut and other organs. We tested the hypothesis that the aged gut microbiome alone is sufficient to decrease SCFAs in the host and produce cognitive decline. Fecal transplant gavages (FTGs) from aged (18–20 months) or young (2–3 months) male C57BL/6 mice into germ-free male C57BL/6 mice (N = 11 per group) were initiated at ~3 months of age. Fecal samples were collected and behavioral testing was performed over the study period. Bacterial community …

Zmat3 Is A Key Splicing Regulator In The P53 Tumor Suppression Program, Anthony M Boutelle, Jose A Seoane, Eric L Van Nostrand, Changyu Zhu, Shauna L Houlihan, Stephano S Mello, Brian A Yee, Jacob Mcclendon, Sarah E Pierce, Ian P Winters, Mengxiong Wang, Andrew J Connolly, Scott W Lowe, Christina Curtis, Gene W Yeo, Monte M Winslow, Michael C Bassik, Laura D Attardi

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Although TP53 is the most commonly mutated gene in human cancers, the p53-dependent transcriptional programs mediating tumor suppression remain incompletely understood. Here, to uncover critical components downstream of p53 in tumor suppression, we perform unbiased RNAi and CRISPR-Cas9-based genetic screens in vivo. These screens converge upon the p53-inducible gene Zmat3, encoding an RNA-binding protein, and we demonstrate that ZMAT3 is an important tumor suppressor downstream of p53 in mouse Kras

A Genome-Wide Association Study Discovers 46 Loci Of The Human Metabolome In The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study Of Latinos, Megan L Grove, Martha Daviglus, Jianwen Cai, Kari E North, Cathy C Laurie, Robert C Kaplan, Eric Boerwinkle, Bing Yu

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Variation in levels of the human metabolome reflect changes in homeostasis, providing a window into health and disease. The genetic impact on circulating metabolites in Hispanics, a population with high cardiometabolic disease burden, is largely unknown. We conducted genome-wide association analyses on 640 circulating metabolites in 3,926 Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos participants. The estimated heritability for 640 metabolites ranged between 0%-54% with a median at 2.5%. We discovered 46 variant-metabolite pairs (p value < 1.2 × 10

Genetics And Geography Of Leukocyte Telomere Length In Sub-Saharan Africans, Steven C Hunt, Michael A Province, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) might be causal in cardiovascular disease and major cancers. To elucidate the roles of genetics and geography in LTL variability across humans, we compared LTL measured in 1295 sub-Saharan Africans (SSAs) with 559 African-Americans (AAms) and 2464 European-Americans (EAms). LTL differed significantly across SSAs (P = 0.003), with the San from Botswana (with the oldest genomic ancestry) having the longest LTL and populations from Ethiopia having the shortest LTL. SSAs had significantly longer LTL than AAms [P = 6.5(e-16)] whose LTL was significantly longer than EAms [P = 2.5(e-7)]. Genetic variation in SSAs explained 52% of …

Prevalence Of Eating Disorder Risk And Body Image Dissatisfaction Among Rotc Cadets, Allison Smith, Dawn Emerson, Zachary Winkelmann, Devin Potter, Toni Torres-Mcgehee

Faculty Publications

Injury risk is multifactorial including non-modifiable and modifiable factors such as nutrition and mental health. The purpose of this study was to estimate eating disorder risk and body image (BI) dissatisfaction among Reserve Officers Training Corps (ROTC) cadets. A total of 102 (male: = 75, female: = 27; age: 20 ± 2 years) ROTC cadets self-reported height, current and ideal weight, and completed the Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26) and self-perceived BI current and perceived sex-specific figural stimuli. The overall eating disorder risk for ROTC cadets was 32.4%. No significant differences were found when comparing sex, ethnicity, or military branch. Overall …

How Parents And Their Children Used Social Media And Technology At The Beginning Of The Covid-19 Pandemic And Associations With Anxiety., Michelle Drouin, Brandon T. Mcdaniel Phd, Jessica Pater, Tammy Toscos Phd

Health Services and Informatics Research

In this study, we examined parents' (n = 260) perceptions of their own and their children's use of social media and other types of communication technologies in the beginning stages of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) related sanctions (e.g., social distancing) in the United States. We also examined associations between social media and technology use and anxiety. On average, parents reported that both they and their children (especially teenagers aged 13-18) had increased technology and social media use since the beginning of social distancing. Moreover, even after controlling for demographic factors, structural equation models showed that parents and children with …

A Retrospective Analysis Of Clinical Use Of Alirocumab In Lipoprotein Apheresis Patients, Anne C Goldberg, Richard L Dunbar, Linda Hemphill, Stephan P Babirak, Gerald Wilson, Michael Wooten, Mohamed Iydroose, Kelley Dacus, Heather Minchew, Julie-Ann Dutton, Patrick M Moriarty

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: The previously published ODYSSEY ESCAPE trial demonstrated a significant reduction in the use of lipoprotein apheresis for heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH) patients when placed on alirocumab 150 mg every 2 weeks. In patients with HeFH who have consistently elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) despite maximally tolerated statin therapy, current lipid guidelines recommend apheresis. Although apheresis reduces LDL-C levels by 50%-75%, it must be repeated, as frequently as every 1-2 weeks.

OBJECTIVE: To assess clinical experience with apheresis and alirocumab for patients in a real-world practice setting.

METHODS: This retrospective review included patients from 5 apheresis centers who …

Β-Cell Impairment And Clinically Meaningful Alterations In Glycemia In Obese Youth Across The Glucose Tolerance Spectrum, Joon Young Kim, Hala Tfayli, Fida Bacha, Sojung Lee, Nour Gebara, Silva Arslanian

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background/aims: In obese youth, it is not clear what degree of β-cell impairment translates to glucose dysregulation commensurate with shifts from normal glucose tolerance (NGT) to impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) to type 2 diabetes. We aimed to investigate the quantitative relationship between β-cell (clamp-measured disposition index [DI]) and OGTT glucose area under the curve (G-AUC) in obese youth across the spectrum of glucose tolerance.

Methods: Data from 152 youth (58 African-American [AA] and 94 American-White [AW]; 73 NGT, 48 IGT, and 31 type 2 diabetes) who completed a 3-h hyperinsulinemic (80 mu/m2/min)-euglycemic clamp, and a 2-h hyperglycemic (225 mg/dL) clamp …

Type 1 Doing Well: Pilot Feasibility And Acceptability Study Of A Strengths-Based Mhealth App For Parents Of Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes, Marisa E Hilliard, Viena T Cao, Sahar S Eshtehardi, Charles G Minard, Rana Saber, Debbe Thompson, Lefkothea P Karaviti, Barbara J Anderson

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background: We evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of a pilot behavioral intervention delivered to parents of adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) via mobile-friendly web app. The Type 1 Doing Well app aimed to promote supportive family diabetes management by helping parents recognize and reinforce teens' positive diabetes-related behaviors ("strengths").

Methods: Parents (n = 80, 74% recruitment) of adolescents (age range = 12-17 years, M = 15.3 ± 1.5 years, 59% female, 56% insulin pump, M hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) = 9.0% ± 2.1%) were randomized 2:1 to intervention or control (i.e., usual medical care with or without app) for …