Digital Commons Network^™

Additive Drug-Specific And Sex-Specific Risks Associated With Co-Use Of Marijuana And Tobacco During Pregnancy: Evidence From 3 Recent Developmental Cohorts (2003-2015)., Suena H Massey, Daniel K Mroczek, David Reiss, Emily S Miller, Jessica A Jakubowski, Eileen K Graham, Shannon M Shisler, Meaghan Mccallum, Marilyn A. Huestis, Jody M Ganiban, Daniel S Shaw, Leslie D Leve, Rina D Eiden, Laura R Stroud, Jenae M Neiderhiser

Institute of Emerging Health Professions Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Methodologic challenges related to the concomitant use (co-use) of substances and changes in policy and potency of marijuana contribute to ongoing uncertainty about risks to fetal neurodevelopment associated with prenatal marijuana use. In this study, we examined two biomarkers of fetal neurodevelopmental risk-birth weight and length of gestation-associated with prenatal marijuana use, independent of tobacco (TOB), alcohol (ALC), other drug use (OTH), and socioeconomic risk (SES), in a pooled sample (N = 1191) derived from 3 recent developmental cohorts (2003-2015) with state-of-the-art substance use measures. We examined differential associations by infant sex, and multiplicative effects associated with co-use of …

Project Echo Telementoring Intervention For Managing Chronic Pain In Primary Care: Insights From A Qualitative Study, Leslie Carlin, Jane Zhao, Ruth Dubin, Paul Taenzer, Hannah Sidrak, Andrea Furlan

Project ECHO Bibliography

Objective: Family physicians in Canada receive little training in chronic pain management; concomitantly, they face increasing pressure to reduce their prescribing of opioids. Project ECHO Ontario Chronic Pain/Opioid Stewardship (ECHO) is a telementoring intervention for primary care practitioners that enhances their pain management skills. This qualitative study reports participants' experiences and assessment of ECHO.

Design: An opportunistic sample of multidisciplinary primary care providers attending one of three residential weekend workshops participated in focus group discussions.

Setting: University or hospital facilities in Toronto, Thunder Bay, and Kingston, Ontario, Canada.

Subjects: Seventeen physicians and 20 allied health professionals.

Methods: Six focus group …

Age Adjusted Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Comorbidity Index Predicts Survival In A T-Cell Depleted Cohort, Hayder Saeed, Swati Yalamanchi, Meng Liu, Emily Van Meter, Zartash Gul, Gregory Monohan, Dianna Howard, Gerhard C. Hildebrandt, Roger Herzig

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

Objectives: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HCT) continues to evolve with the treatment in higher risk patient population. This practice mandates stringent update and validation of risk stratification prior to undergoing such a complex and potentially fatal procedure. We examined the adoption of the new comorbidity index (HCT-CI/Age) proposed by the Seattle group after the addition of age variable and compared it to the pre-transplant assessment of mortality (PAM) that already incorporates age as part of its evaluation criteria.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of adult patients who underwent HCT at our institution from January 2010 through August 2014 was …

Health Status Disparities By Sex, Race/Ethnicity, And Socioeconomic Status In Outpatients With Heart Failure., Yevgeniy Khariton, Michael E Nassif, Laine Thomas, Gregg C Fonarow, Xiaojuan Mi, Adam D Devore, Carol Duffy, Puza P Sharma, Nancy M Albert, J Herbert Patterson, Javed Butler, Adrian F Hernandez, Fredonia B Williams, Kevin Mccague, John A Spertus

Open Access Publications

OBJECTIVES: This study sought to describe the health status of outpatients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) by sex, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status (SES).

BACKGROUND: Although a primary goal in treating patients with HFrEF is to optimize health status, whether disparities by sex, race/ethnicity, and SES exist is unknown.

METHODS: In the CHAMP-HF (Change the Management of Patients with Heart Failure) registry, the associations among sex, race, and SES and health status, as measured by the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire-overall summary (KCCQ-os) score (range 0 to 100; higher scores indicate better health status) was compared among 3,494 patients …

New Insights Into Predictors Of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Infection, Hossein Sadeghi, Abolfath Alizadehdiz, Amirfarjam Fazelifar, Zahra Emkanjoo, Majid Haghjoo

The Texas Heart Institute Journal

Infection is an important complication of cardiac implantable electronic device procedures. To further study the factors associated with infection, we retrospectively reviewed the records of 3,205 consecutive patients who had undergone de novo or revision cardiac electronic device implantation at our institution from March 2011 through March 2015. We recorded all infections and specified whether they were related to the characteristics of the patient, device, or procedure. To identify predictors of infection, we performed multivariate analysis.

Device infections were identified in 85 patients (2.7%), at a mean follow-up time of 27 ± 11 months. The main predictors of device infection …

Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency Is Associated With Cardiovascular Disease In Us Military Centers, John E Thomas, Seungho Kang, Charles J Wyatt, Forest S Kim, A David Mangelsdorff, Fred K Weigel

The Texas Heart Institute Journal

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) protects erythrocytes from oxidative stress and hemolysis; G6PD deficiency is the most prevalent enzymopathy. The United States military routinely performs tests to prevent exposing G6PD-deficient personnel to antimalarial drugs that might cause life-threatening hemolytic reactions. In addition, G6PD is a key determinant of vascular function, and its deficiency can lead to impaired nitric oxide production and greater vascular oxidant stress—precursors to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Using military medical records, we performed a retrospective, cross-sectional study to investigate whether deficient G6PD levels are associated with a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease than are normal levels, and, if so, …

Internet And Social Media Access Among Youth Experiencing Homelessness: Mixed-Methods Study., Lauren A. Houdek Vonholtz, Rosemary Frasso, Jesse M. Golinkoff, Alicia J. Lozano, Alexandra Hanlon, Nadia Dowshen

College of Population Health Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Youth experiencing homelessness are at a risk for a variety of adverse outcomes. Given the widespread use of the internet and social media, these new technologies may be used to address their needs and for outreach purposes. However, little is known about how this group uses these resources.

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated how homeless adolescents use these technologies for general and health-related purposes, whether the scope of their use changes with housing status, and their interest in a website dedicated to youth experiencing homelessness.

METHODS: A convenience sample of youth aged 18 to 21 years was recruited from a …

Decreasing Recurrent Bowel Obstructions, Improving Quality Of Life With Physiotherapy: Controlled Study, Amanda D Rice, Kimberley Patterson, Evette D Reed, Belinda F Wurn, Kristen Robles, Bernhard Klingenberg, Leonard B Weinstock, Janey S. A. Pratt, C. Richard King Iii, Lawrence J Wurn

Open Access Publications

AIM: To compare (1) quality of life and (2) rate of recurrent small bowel obstructions (SBO) for patients treated with novel manual physiotherapy

METHODS: One hundred and three subjects (age 19-89) with a history of recurrent adhesive SBO were treated with a manual physiotherapy called the Clear Passage Approach (CPA) which focused on decreasing adhesive crosslinking in abdominopelvic viscera. Pre- and post-therapy data measured recurring obstructions and quality of life, using a validated test sent 90 d after therapy. Results were compared to 136 untreated control subjects who underwent the same measurements for subjects who did not receive any therapy, …

In Vivo And In Vitro Studies Of Cry5b And Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Agonist Anthelmintics Reveal A Powerful And Unique Combination Therapy Against Intestinal Nematode Parasites, Yan Hu, Melanie Miller, Bo Zhang, Thanh-Thanh Nguyen, Martin K. Nielsen, Raffi V. Aroian

Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

Background

The soil-transmitted nematodes (STNs) or helminths (hookworms, whipworms, large roundworms) infect the intestines of ~1.5 billion of the poorest peoples and are leading causes of morbidity worldwide. Only one class of anthelmintic or anti-nematode drugs, the benzimidazoles, is currently used in mass drug administrations, which is a dangerous situation. New anti-nematode drugs are urgently needed. Bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein Cry5B is a powerful, promising new candidate. Drug combinations, when properly made, are ideal for treating infectious diseases. Although there are some clinical trials using drug combinations against STNs, little quantitative and systemic work has been performed to define the …

Boys To Men: Masculinity, Victimization, And Offending, Shon Michael Reed

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Male victims are an underrepresented group within society as research within victimology primarily focuses on female victims and services available typically cater to female populations. This study focuses on male victims and draws attention to the role that victimization may play in criminal offending. Prior research has found that male victims may feel a diminished sense of their own masculinity. While other studies have noted that masculinity plays a role in some men’s decisions to engage in criminal behavior (Messerschmidt, 1993, 2016). It seems logical that these two concepts (masculinity and victimization) would be related. Utilizing self-reported data from 135 …

Analysis Of The Immunological Biomarker Profile During Acute Zika Virus Infection Reveals The Overexpression Of Cxcl10, A Chemokine Linked To Neuronal Damage., Felipe Gomes Naveca, Gemilson Soares Pontes, Aileen Yu-Hen Chang, George Allan Villarouco Da Silva, Valdinete Alves Do Nascimento, Dana Cristina Da Silva Monteiro, +Several Additional Authors

Medicine Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Infection with Zika virus (ZIKV) manifests in a broad spectrum of disease ranging from mild illness to severe neurological complications and little is known about Zika immunopathogenesis.

OBJECTIVES: To define the immunologic biomarkers that correlate with acute ZIKV infection.

METHODS: We characterized the levels of circulating cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors in 54 infected patients of both genders at five different time points after symptom onset using microbeads multiplex immunoassay; comparison to 100 age-matched controls was performed for statistical analysis and data mining.

FINDINGS: ZIKV-infected patients present a striking systemic inflammatory response with high levels of pro-inflammatory mediators. Despite …

Exacerbation Recovery Patterns In Newly Diagnosed Or Maintenance Treatment-Naïve Patients With Copd: Secondary Analyses Of Ticari 1 Trial Data, David M. Mannino, Emmanuelle M. Clerisme-Beaty, Joanne Franceschina, Naitee Ting, Nancy K. Leidy

Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Background: Little is known about the recovery patterns from acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) in newly diagnosed or maintenance treatment-naïve patients with COPD. This study describes the course of AECOPD in these patients at the time of treatment for the symptoms of acute respiratory tract infection (RTI).

Methods: This study was a secondary analysis of data from a 12-week, randomized clinical trial (TICARI 1) testing the efficacy and safety of once-daily tiotropium 18 µg maintenance therapy versus placebo in newly diagnosed or maintenance treatment-naïve COPD patients with acute RTI symptoms for ≤7 days. Patients received standard care …

Protocol For A Randomised Trial Of Higher Versus Lower Intensity Patient-Provider Communication Interventions To Reduce Antibiotic Misuse In Two Paediatric Ambulatory Clinics In The Usa., Kathy Goggin, Andrea Bradley-Ewing, Angela Myers, Brian R. Lee, Emily A. Hurley, Kirsten B. Delay, Sarah Schlachter, Areli Ramphal, Kimberly Pina, David Yu, Kirsten Weltmer, Sebastian Linnemayr, Christopher C. Butler, Jason G. Newland

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

INTRODUCTION: Children with acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) are prescribed up to 11.4 million unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions annually. Inadequate parent-provider communication is a chief contributor, yet efforts to reduce overprescribing have only indirectly targeted communication or been impractical. This paper describes our multisite, parallel group, cluster randomised trial comparing two feasible interventions for enhancing parent-provider communication on the rate of inappropriate antibiotic prescribing (primary outcome) and revisits, adverse drug reactions and parent-rated quality of shared decision-making, parent-provider communication and visit satisfaction (secondary outcomes).

METHODS/ANALYSIS: We will attempt to recruit all eligible paediatricians and nurse practitioners (currently 47) at an academic …

Examining Ecological Constraints On The Intergenerational Transmission Of Attachment Via Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis, Marije L Verhage, R M Pasco Fearon, Carlo Schuengel, Marinus H Van Ijzendoorn, Marian J Bakermans-Kranenburg, Sheri Madigan, Glenn I Roisman, Mirjam Oosterman, Kazuko Y Behrens, Maria S Wong, Sarah Mangelsdorf, Lynn E. Priddis, Karl-Heinz Brisch, Collaboration On Attachment Transmission Synthesis

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Parents' attachment representations and child-parent attachment have been shown to be associated, but these associations vary across populations (Verhage et al., 2016). The current study examined whether ecological factors may explain variability in the strength of intergenerational transmission of attachment, using individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis. Analyses on 4,396 parent-child dyads (58 studies, child age 11-96 months) revealed a combined effect size of r = .29. IPD meta-analyses revealed that effect sizes for the transmission of autonomous-secure representations to secure attachments were weaker under risk conditions and weaker in adolescent parent-child dyads, whereas transmission was stronger for older children. Findings …

Teens Implementing A Childhood Obesity Prevention Program In The Community: Feasibility And Perceptions Of A Partnership With Hsta And Icook 4-H., Rebecca L. Hagedorn, Jade A. White, Lisa Franzen-Castle, Sarah E. Colby, Kendra Kattelmann, Adrienne A. White, Melissa D. Olfert

Health and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

High school student researchers and teen leaders from the Health Science Technology Academy (HSTA), under the supervision of HSTA teachers, led a childhood obesity prevention (COP) program (iCook 4-H). The objective was to evaluate the feasibility and perceptions of having teen leaders implement a COP program for dyads of youth (9⁻10 years old) and their primary adult food preparer. Behavior change and perceptions were assessed through surveys and open-ended interviews. Across eight HSTA organizations, 43 teen leaders participated in teaching the iCook 4-H program to 24 dyads. Increased frequency of culinary skills, physical activity and mealtime behavior were reported by …

Understanding The Relationship Between The Neurologic Pupil Index And Constriction Velocity Values., Ifeoluwa Shoyombo, Venkatesh Aiyagari, Sonja E Stutzman, Folefac Atem, Michelle Hill, Stephen A Figueroa, Chad Miller, Amber Howard, Daiwai M Olson

Neuroscience Articles

The pupillary light reflex (PLR) describes the response when light hits the retina and sends a signal (cranial nerve II) to the Edinger-Westphal Nucleus which via cranial nerve III results in pupillary constriction. The Neurological Pupil indexTM (NPi) and pupil constriction velocity (CV) are two distinct variables that can be observed and measured using a pupillometer. We examine NPi and CV in 27,462 pupil readings (1,617 subjects). NPi values < 3.0 and a CV < 0.8 mm/sec were considered abnormal. Regression was used to clarify the effect of pupil size and repeated measures. An odds ratio of abnormal CV given normal NPi (and vice versa) was computed using the glimmixed (SAS) regression. Of 27,462 readings, 49.2% revealed bilaterally normal NPi wtih brisk CV, and 10.8% revealed bilaterally abnormal NPi and slow CV; 9.1% with unilaterally normal NPi and brisk CV where the opposite pupil had an abnormal NPi and slow CV. The remaining 30.9% revealed that one or both PLR had either a normal NPi with slow CV, or abnormal NPi with brisk CV. Brisk CV does not rule out an abnormal PLR; slow CV does not rule in abnormal PLR. Practitioners should consider these implications when interpreting pupillometry readings.

Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Reduces Cortical Thickness And Decreases Oxidative Metabolism In Sensorimotor Regions After Stroke., Jennifer K Ferris, Sue Peters, Katlyn E Brown, Katherine Tourigny, Lara A Boyd

Physical Therapy Publications

Individuals with type-2 diabetes mellitus experience poor motor outcomes after ischemic stroke. Recent research suggests that type-2 diabetes adversely impacts neuronal integrity and function, yet little work has considered how these neuronal changes affect sensorimotor outcomes after stroke. Here, we considered how type-2 diabetes impacted the structural and metabolic function of the sensorimotor cortex after stroke using volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). We hypothesized that the combination of chronic stroke and type-2 diabetes would negatively impact the integrity of sensorimotor cortex as compared to individuals with chronic stroke alone. Compared to stroke alone, individuals with …

Trunk Motion Visual Feedback During Walking Improves Dynamic Balance In Older Adults: Assessor Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial., Eric Anson, Lei Ma, Tippawan Meetam, Elizabeth Thompson, Roshita Rathore, Victoria Dean, John Jeka

Department of Physical Therapy Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Virtual reality and augmented feedback have become more prevalent as training methods to improve balance. Few reports exist on the benefits of providing trunk motion visual feedback (VFB) during treadmill walking, and most of those reports only describe within session changes.

RESEARCH QUESTION: To determine whether trunk motion VFB treadmill walking would improve over-ground balance for older adults with self-reported balance problems.

METHODS: 40 adults (75.8 years (SD 6.5)) with self-reported balance difficulties or a history of falling were randomized to a control or experimental group. Everyone walked on a treadmill at a comfortable speed 3×/week for 4 weeks …

Population-Specific Genetic Modification Of Huntington's Disease In Venezuela., Michael J Chao, Kyung-Hee Kim, Jun Wan Shin, Diane Lucente, Vanessa C Wheeler, Hong Li, Jared C Roach, Leroy Hood, Nancy S Wexler, Laura B Jardim, Peter Holmans, Lesley Jones, Michael Orth, Seung Kwak, Marcy E Macdonald, James F Gusella, Jong-Min Lee

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Modifiers of Mendelian disorders can provide insights into disease mechanisms and guide therapeutic strategies. A recent genome-wide association (GWA) study discovered genetic modifiers of Huntington's disease (HD) onset in Europeans. Here, we performed whole genome sequencing and GWA analysis of a Venezuelan HD cluster whose families were crucial for the original mapping of the HD gene defect. The Venezuelan HD subjects develop motor symptoms earlier than their European counterparts, implying the potential for population-specific modifiers. The main Venezuelan HD family inherits HTT haplotype hap.03, which differs subtly at the sequence level from European HD hap.03, suggesting a different ancestral origin …

Amylin And Diabetic Cardiomyopathy – Amylin-Induced Sarcolemmal Ca2+ Leak Is Independent Of Diabetic Remodeling Of Myocardium, Miao Liu, Amanda Hoskins, Nirmal Verma, Donald M. Bers, Sanda Despa, Florin Despa

Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

Amylin is a pancreatic β-cell hormone co-secreted with insulin, plays a role in normal glucose homeostasis, and forms amyloid in the pancreatic islets of individuals with type-2 diabetes. Aggregated amylin is also found in blood and extra-pancreatic tissues, including myocardium. Myocardial amylin accumulation is associated with myocyte Ca²⁺ dysregulation in diabetic rats expressing human amylin. Whether deposition of amylin in the heart is a consequence of or a contributor to diabetic cardiomyopathy remains unknown. We used amylin knockout (AKO) mice intravenously infused with either human amylin (i.e, the aggregated form) or non-amyloidogenic (i.e., monomeric) rodent amylin to test the …

Neural Mechanisms Of The Rejection-Aggression Link, David S. Chester, Donald R. Lynam, Richard Milich, C. Nathan Dewall

Psychology Faculty Publications

Social rejection is a painful event that often increases aggression. However, the neural mechanisms of this rejection–aggression link remain unclear. A potential clue may be that rejected people often recruit the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex’s (VLPFC) self-regulatory processes to manage the pain of rejection. Using functional MRI, we replicated previous links between rejection and activity in the brain’s mentalizing network, social pain network and VLPFC. VLPFC recruitment during rejection was associated with greater activity in the brain’s reward network (i.e. the ventral striatum) when individuals were given an opportunity to retaliate. This retaliation-related striatal response was associated with greater levels of …

Benchmarking Rectal Cancer Care: Institutional Compliance With A Longitudinal Checklist., William C. Chapman, Pamela Choi, Alexander T. Hawkins, Steven R. Hunt, Matthew L. Silviera, Paul E. Wise, Matthew G. Mutch, Sean C. Glasgow

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: In 2012, the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons published the Rectal Cancer Surgery Checklist, a consensus document listing 25 essential elements of care for all patients undergoing radical surgery for rectal cancer. The authors herein examine checklist adherence in a mature, multisurgeon specialty academic practice.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective medical record review of patients undergoing elective radical resection for rectal adenocarcinoma over a 23-mo period was conducted. Checklists were completed post hoc for each patient, and these results were tabulated to determine levels of compliance. Subgroup analyses by compliance and experience levels of the treating surgeon …

Patterns Of Tobacco Use In The United Arab Emirates Healthy Future (Uaehfs) Pilot Study, Mohammed Al-Houqani, Andrea Leinberger-Jabari, Abdullah Al Naeemi, Abdullah Al Junaibi, Eiman Al Zaabi, Naima Oumeziane, Marina Kazim, Fatima Al Maskari, Ayesha Al Dhaheri, Leila Abdel Wareth, Wael Al Mahmeed, Habiba Alsafar, Fatme Al Anouti, Abdishakur Abdulle, Claire K. Inman, Aisha Al Hamiz, Muna Haji, Jiyoung Ahn, Tomas Kirchhoff, Richard B. Hayes, Ravichandran Ramasamy, Ann Marie Schmidt, Omar El Shahawy, Michael Weitzman, Raghib Ali, Scott Sherman

All Works

© 2018 Al-Houqani et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Introduction Self-reported tobacco use in the United Arab Emirates is among the highest in the region. Use of tobacco products other than cigarettes is widespread, but little is known about specific behavior use patterns. There have been no studies that have biochemically verified smoking status. Methods The UAE Healthy Future Study (UAEHFS) seeks to understand the causes of non-communicable diseases through …

The Effects Of Mild Dehydration On Cycling Performance In The Heat, Elika Hamer

Health, Human Performance and Recreation Undergraduate Honors Theses

Abstract

Introduction: Hypohydration exceeding 2% of body mass (bm), affected by heat and thirst level, leads to decreased athletic performance. Both physiological and psychological factors of dehydration have an impact on an athlete’s perceived performance. However, it is unclear whether the effects of psychological, physiological, or both have a negative impact on athletic performance caused by mild hypohydration. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if mild hypohydration affects exercise performance in trained cyclists while blinding their hydration state. Methodology: Eleven competitive male cyclists participated in two blinded experimental trials, hypohydrated and euhydrated states by intra-venous infusions. The …

Longitudinal Measures Of Deformation Are Associated With A Composite Measure Of Contractility Derived From Pressure-Volume Loop Analysis In Children., Shahryar M. Chowdhury, Ryan J. Butts, Carolyn L. Taylor, Varsha M. Bandisode, Karen S. Chessa, Anthony M. Hlavacek, Arni Nutting, Girish S. Shirali, G Hamilton Baker

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Aims: The relationship between echocardiographic measures of left ventricular (LV) systolic function and reference-standard measures have not been assessed in children. The objective of this study was to assess the validity of echocardiographic indices of LV systolic function via direct comparison to a novel composite measure of contractility derived from pressure-volume loop (PVL) analysis.

Methods and results: Children with normal loading conditions undergoing routine left heart catheterization were prospectively enrolled. PVLs were obtained via conductance catheters. A composite invasive composite contractility index (ICCI) was developed using data reduction strategies to combine four measures of contractility derived from PVL analysis. Echocardiograms …

Validation Of A Novel Scoring System For Changes In Skeletal Manifestations Of Hypophosphatasia In Newborns, Infants, And Children: The Radiographic Global Impression Of Change Scale, Michael P Whyte, Kenji P Fujita, Scott Moseley, David D Thompson, William H Mcalister

Open Access Publications

Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is the heritable metabolic disease characterized by impaired skeletal mineralization due to low activity of the tissue-nonspecific isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase. Although HPP during growth often manifests with distinctive radiographic skeletal features, no validated method was available to quantify them, including changes over time. We created the Radiographic Global Impression of Change (RGI-C) scale to assess changes in the skeletal burden of pediatric HPP. Site-specific pairs of radiographs of newborns, infants, and children with HPP from three clinical studies of asfotase alfa, an enzyme replacement therapy for HPP, were obtained at baseline and during treatment. Each pair was …

Psychiatric And Cognitive Adverse Events: A Pooled Analysis Of Three Phase Iii Trials Of Adjunctive Eslicarbazepine Acetate For Partial-Onset Seizures., Eva Andermann, Victor Biton, Selim R Benbadis, Bassel Shneker, Aashit K Shah, Mar Carreño, Eugen Trinka, Elinor Ben-Menachem, Arnaud Biraben, Francisco Rocha, Helena Gama, Hailong Cheng, David Blum, Study 301, 302 And 304 Investigators

Pharmacy Articles

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the nature and incidence of psychiatric and cognitive adverse events (AEs) reported with eslicarbazepine acetate (ESL) used as adjunctive treatment for refractory partial-onset seizures (POS) in adults.

METHODS: This was a post-hoc analysis of data pooled from three randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trials (BIA-2093-301, -302, -304). After an 8-week baseline period, patients received placebo or adjunctive ESL 400mg (studies 301 and 302 only), 800mg, or 1200mg once daily (QD) for 14weeks (2-week titration period, 12-week maintenance period). Psychiatric and cognitive AEs were identified from individual patient data. Suicidality was also evaluated using the Columbia-Classification Algorithm of Suicide Assessment …

Knockout Of Pannexin-1 Induces Hearing Loss, Jin Chen, Chun Liang, Liang Zong, Yan Zhu, Hong-Bo Zhao

Otolaryngology--Head & Neck Surgery Faculty Publications

Mutations of gap junction connexin genes induce a high incidence of nonsyndromic hearing loss. Pannexin genes also encode gap junctional proteins in vertebrates. Recent studies demonstrated that Pannexin-1 (Panx1) deficiency in mice and mutation in humans are also associated with hearing loss. So far, several Panx1 knockout (KO) mouse lines were established. In general, these Panx1 KO mouse lines demonstrate consistent phenotypes in most aspects, including hearing loss. However, a recent study reported that a Panx1 KO mouse line, which was created by Genentech Inc., had no hearing loss as measured by the auditory brainstem response (ABR) threshold at low-frequency …

Analysis Of Clinical Data To Determine The Minimum Number Of Sensors Required For Adequate Skin Temperature Monitoring Of Superficial Hyperthermia Treatments., Akke Bakker, Rebecca Holman, Dario B. Rodrigues, Hana Dobšíček Trefná, Paul R. Stauffer, Geertjan Van Tienhoven, Coen R.N. Rasch, Hans Crezee

Department of Radiation Oncology Faculty Papers

PURPOSE: Tumor response and treatment toxicity are related to minimum and maximum tissue temperatures during hyperthermia, respectively. Using a large set of clinical data, we analyzed the number of sensors required to adequately monitor skin temperature during superficial hyperthermia treatment of breast cancer patients.

METHODS: Hyperthermia treatments monitored with >60 stationary temperature sensors were selected from a database of patients with recurrent breast cancer treated with re-irradiation (23 × 2 Gy) and hyperthermia using single 434 MHz applicators (effective field size 351-396 cm²). Reduced temperature monitoring schemes involved randomly selected subsets of stationary skin sensors, and another subset …

Modified Origins Of Cortical Projections To The Superior Colliculus In The Deaf: Dispersion Of Auditory Efferents., Blake E Butler, Julia K Sunstrum, Stephen G Lomber

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Following the loss of a sensory modality, such as deafness or blindness, crossmodal plasticity is commonly identified in regions of the cerebrum that normally process the deprived modality. It has been hypothesized that significant changes in the patterns of cortical afferent and efferent projections may underlie these functional crossmodal changes. However, studies of thalamocortical and corticocortical connections have refuted this hypothesis, instead revealing a profound resilience of cortical afferent projections following deafness and blindness. This report is the first study of cortical outputs following sensory deprivation, characterizing cortical projections to the superior colliculus in mature cats (