Digital Commons Network^™

Examining Low-Income Caregivers' Knowledge And Comprehension Of The Dental Caries Process, Melissa Sullivan, Denise C. Mckinney, Deanne Shuman, Qi Zhang

Dental Hygiene Faculty Publications

Purpose Dental caries among young children remains a public health concern in the United States (US). Children of caregivers with low oral health literacy (OHL) tend to have greater unmet dental needs and poorer oral health status. The purpose of this study was to examine the understanding of pediatric dental terms associated with the dental caries process among low-income caregivers.

Methods This study included 14 caregivers with children enrolled in a Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) in the Southeastern US. Through structured phone interviews, the validated Oral Health Literacy Inventory for Parents (OH-LIP) was used …

A Qualitative Analysis Of College Students' Interest In Mhealth Solutions, Leslie Hoglund, Craig M. Becker, Cara Tonn

Health Behavior, Policy & Management Faculty Publications

This study explores college students' perceptions of an AI-driven mHealth application designed to promote well-being. With rising mental health challenges in academic settings, students increasingly seek digital tools that provide holistic support for physical, mental, and financial health. Through focus groups, this qualitative study examines students' preferences for personalized health tracking, educational content, and flexible reminders within a private, supportive community. Key findings emphasize students' desire for a balanced, all-in-one app that integrates health and wellness tools without overwhelming them with notifications. Students also highlighted the importance of social media integration for outreach, though concerns were raised about potential stress …

Multiplex Lateral Flow Test Sensitivity And Specificity In Detecting Influenza A, B And Sars-Cov-2 In Adult Patients In A Uk Emergency Department, Rahul Batra, Edward Blandford, Raghavendran Kulasegaran-Shylini, Matthias E Futschik, Abbie Bown, Matthew Catton, Hermione Conti-Frith, Alexandra Alexandridou, Rebecca Gill, Clara Milroy, Sean Harper, Holly Gettings, Maryann Noronha, Hooi-Ling Harrison, Sam Douthwaite, Gaia Nebbia, Paul E Klapper, Sarah Tunkel, Richard Vipond, Susan Hopkins, Tom Fowler

School of Biomedical Sciences

BACKGROUND: Rapid identification of individuals with acute respiratory infections is crucial for preventing nosocomial infections. For rapid diagnosis, especially in EDs, lateral flow devices (LFDs) are a convenient, inexpensive option with a rapid turnaround. Several 'multiplex' LFDs (M-LFDs) now exist, testing for multiple pathogens from a single swab sample. We evaluated the real-world performance of M-LFD versus PCR testing in detecting influenza A, B and SARS-CoV-2) in the ED setting.

METHODS: After preliminary evaluation of an M-LFD (SureScreen) with laboratory-grown virus and PCR-negative clinical samples, it was evaluated in a real-world setting at the ED of St Thomas' Hospital (London, …

Longitudinal Host Transcriptional Responses To Sars-Cov-2 Infection In Adults With Extremely High Viral Load, Vasanthi Avadhanula, Chad J Creighton, Laura Ferlic-Stark, Divya Nagaraj, Yiqun Zhang, Richard Sucgang, Erin G Nicholson, Anubama Rajan, Vipin Kumar Menon, Harshavardhan Doddapaneni, Donna Marie Muzny, Ginger A Metcalf, Sara Joan Javornik Cregeen, Kristi Louise Hoffman, Richard A Gibbs, Joseph F Petrosino, Pedro A Piedra

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Current understanding of viral dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 and host responses driving the pathogenic mechanisms in COVID-19 is rapidly evolving. Here, we conducted a longitudinal study to investigate gene expression patterns during acute SARS-CoV-2 illness. Cases included SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals with extremely high viral loads early in their illness, individuals having low SARS-CoV-2 viral loads early in their infection, and individuals testing negative for SARS-CoV-2. We could identify widespread transcriptional host responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection that were initially most strongly manifested in patients with extremely high initial viral loads, then attenuating within the patient over time as viral loads decreased. Genes …

Research For All: Building A Diverse Researcher Community For The All Of Us Research Program, Rubin Baskir, Minnkyong Lee, Sydney J Mcmaster, Jessica Lee, Faith Blackburne-Proctor, Romuladus Azuine, Nakia Mack, Sheri D Schully, Martin Mendoza, Janeth Sanchez, Yong Crosby, Erica Zumba, Michael Hahn, Naomi Aspaas, Ahmed Elmi, Shanté Alerté, Elizabeth Stewart, Danielle Wilfong, Meag Doherty, Margaret M Farrell, Grace B Hébert, Sula Hood, Cheryl M Thomas, Debra D Murray, Brendan Lee, Louisa A Stark, Megan A Lewis, Jen D Uhrig, Laura R Bartlett, Edgar Gil Rico, Adolph Falcón, Elizabeth Cohn, Mitchell R Lunn, Juno Obedin-Maliver, Linda Cottler, Milton Eder, Fornessa T Randal, Jason Karnes, Kitani Lemieux, Nelson Lemieux, Nelson Lemieux, Lilanta Bradley, Ronnie Tepp, Meredith Wilson, Monica Rodriguez, Chris Lunt, Karriem Watson

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

OBJECTIVES: The NIH All of Us Research Program (All of Us) is engaging a diverse community of more than 10 000 registered researchers using a robust engagement ecosystem model. We describe strategies used to build an ecosystem that attracts and supports a diverse and inclusive researcher community to use the All of Us dataset and provide metrics on All of Us researcher usage growth.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Researcher audiences and diversity categories were defined to guide a strategy. A researcher engagement strategy was codeveloped with program partners to support a researcher engagement ecosystem. An adapted ecological model guided the ecosystem …

Leveraging Human Microbiomes For Disease Prediction And Treatment, Henok Ayalew Tegegne, Tor C Savidge

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The human microbiome consists of diverse microorganisms that inhabit various body sites. As these microbes are increasingly recognized as key determinants of health, there is significant interest in leveraging individual microbiome profiles for early disease detection, prevention, and drug efficacy prediction. However, the complexity of microbiome data, coupled with conflicting study outcomes, has hindered its integration into clinical practice. This challenge is partially due to demographic and technological biases that impede the development of reliable disease classifiers. Here, we examine recent advances in 16S rRNA and shotgun-metagenomics sequencing, along with bioinformatics tools designed to enhance microbiome data integration for precision …

Impact Of Elevated Serum Triglycerides On Children With Acute Recurrent Or Chronic Pancreatitis From Insppire-2, Zachary M Sellers, Matthew J Giefer, Fuchenchu Wang, Gretchen A Cress, Maisam A Abu-El-Haija, Ankur Chugh, Reuven Z Cohen, Elissa M Downs, Douglas S Fishman, A Jay Freeman, Cheryl E Gariepy, Tanja Y Gonska, Amit S Grover, Doug Lindblad, Quin Y Liu, Asim Maqbool, Jacob A Mark, Brian A Mcferron, Megha S Mehta, Veronique D Morinville, Kenneth Ng, Robert A Noel, Chee Y Ooi, Emily R Perito, Madhura Y Phadke, Wenly Ruan, Sarah Jane Schwarzenberg, David M Troendle, Michael Wilschanski, Yuhua Zheng, Ying Yuan, Mark E Lowe, Aliye Uc, Consortium For The Study Of Chronic Pancreatitis, Diabetes And Pancreatic Cancer

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Objective: To determine if mild-moderate hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is associated with increased development of chronic pancreatitis (CP) or pancreatitis-associated complications in children with acute recurrent or CP.

Study design: Longitudinal data from the INternational Study group of Pediatric Pancreatitis: In search for a cuRE-2 (INSPPIRE-2) cohort of children with acute recurrent or CP (n = 559) were analyzed. Subjects were divided into normal triglycerides (< 150 mg/dL; 1.7 mmol/L), any HTG (≥150 mg/dL; ≥1.7 mmol/L), mild-moderate HTG (150-499 mg/dL; 1.7-5.6 mmol/L), moderate HTG (500-999 mg/dL; 5.6-11.3 mmol/L), and severe HTG groups (≥1000 mg/dL; ≥11.3 mmol/L), based on highest serum triglyceride value. Laboratory, imaging, pancreatitis and hospital events, complications, and quality of life data were analyzed.

Results: In children with acute recurrent or CP and HTG, there was no increase in the number of pancreatitis attacks per person-years, nor an increase in CP prevalence. However, HTG severity was associated with increased pancreatic …

Association Of Insulin Resistance With Radiographic Lung Abnormalities And Incident Lung Disease: The Framingham Offspring Study, Sarath Raju, Paula Sierra, Vickram Tejwani, Kristen A Staggers, Meredith Mccormack, Dennis T Villareal, Ivan O Rosas, Nicola A Hanania, Tianshi David Wu

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Objective: Insulin resistance (IR) may be a risk factor for lung disease, but objective evidence is limited. We sought to define the relationship of longitudinal IR with radiographic imaging outcomes and examiner-identified incident lung disease in the Framingham Offspring Study.

Research design and methods: Participants without baseline lung disease underwent repeated measurements of fasting insulin and glucose levels over an average period of 13.6 years, from which time-weighted average HOMA-IR was calculated. Each participant then underwent a cardiac gated whole-lung computed tomography scan, which was analyzed for the presence of emphysema, interstitial lung abnormalities (ILAs), and quantitative airway features. Incident …

Med12 Loss-Of-Function Variants As A Cause Of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia In Females With Hardikar Syndrome And Nonspecific Intellectual Disability, Eric C Kao, Elizabeth A Mizerik, Carlos A Bacino, Hongzheng Dai, Liesbeth Vossaert, Daryl A Scott

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Mediator complex subunit 12 (MED12) is required for the assembly of the kinase module of Mediator, a regulatory complex that controls the formation of the RNA polymerase II-mediated preinitiation complex. MED12-related disorders display unique gender-specific genotype-phenotype associations and include X-linked recessive Opitz-Kaveggia syndrome, Lujan-Fryns syndrome, Ohdo syndrome, and nonspecific intellectual disability in males predominantly carrying missense variants, and X-linked dominant Hardikar syndrome and nonspecific intellectual disability in females known to predominantly carry de novo nonsense/frameshift and nonsense/missense variants, respectively. MED12 was previously identified as a low-penetrance candidate gene for non-isolated congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH+). At the time, however, there was …

Distinct Gut Microbiome Features Characterize Fasciola Hepatica Infection And Predict Triclabendazole Treatment Outcomes In Peruvian Patients, Giljae Lee, Bruce A Rosa, Martha V Fernandez-Baca, John Martin, Rodrigo A Ore, Pedro Ortiz, Miguel M Cabada, Makedonka Mitreva

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND:

METHODS: In this study, we investigated the relationship between

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Infection was associated with specific microbial taxonomic and functional features, including higher abundance of

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings underscore the impact of helminth infection on gut microbiome and suggest a potential role of gut microbiota in modulating TCBZ efficacy, offering novel insights into

High Tumor Cd161 Expression Predicts A Survival Advantage And Marks A Th1-Skewed Microenvironment, Briana Amicarella Burns, Manasvi Chandra, Vanaja Konduri, William K Decker

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

CD8+CD161+ T-cells exhibit augmented memory and cytolytic properties, mediating enhanced immunity in murine tumor models and improved survival in human non-small cell lung cancer. This T-cell subset might serve as a biomarker of positive response to therapy or even be isolated to augment current immunotherapeutic approaches yet limited knowledge of CD161 expression in human cancers restricts practical application. Here we bioinformatically tested the hypothesis that CD161 expression may be associated with positive outcomes in human cancers and investigated mechanisms underlying any observed advantages. Using TCGA-PANCAN dataset, we analyzed expression of CD161 in over 10,000 human tumors, correlating expression levels with …

Thromboelastography Versus Thromboelastometry For Unfractionated Heparin Monitoring In Adult Patients On Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation, Ellen B Yin, Arthur W Bracey, Subhasis Chatterjee

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Monitoring the anticoagulant effect of unfractionated heparin (UFH) in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) patients is complex but critically important to balance the risks of treatment related bleeding and circuit thrombosis. While guidelines recommend using more than one method to monitor UFH activity, the use of thromboelastometry (ROTEM) to monitor UFH in ECMO patients has not been investigated in detail.

Methods: This is an observational, single-center retrospective study looking at adult ECMO patients on UFH that had ROTEM and thromboelastography (TEG) tests obtained concurrently. A total of 20 samples were obtained from nine patients during the study period, …

Tobacco Exposure Linked To Warthin’S Tumor Being The Most Common Benign Parotid Neoplasm In Veterans: A Retrospective Cohort Study, Louis Abarca, Linda K Green, Ray Y Wang, Vlad C Sandulache, David J Hernandez

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Objective: Parotid gland neoplasms account for a large proportion of benign salivary gland tumors, with pleomorphic adenomas (PA) being the most common in the civilian population, followed by Warthin's tumor (WT). However, the distinct risk profiles of Veterans significantly influence the incidence and prevalence of salivary gland neoplasms. We investigated the diagnostic and management algorithms for benign parotid gland neoplasms in Veterans.

< >Methods: Retrospective cohort study. Descriptive statistics were calculated using Microsoft Excel. Categorical variables were compared using chi square tests, and were reported with 95% confidence intervals, with statistical significance set at P <  .05.

Results: The study included 158 patients …

Relationships Of Personality Traits With The Taxonomic Composition Of The Gut Microbiome Among Psychiatric Inpatients, William Orme, Sandra L Grimm, Divya S N Vella, J Christopher Fowler, B Christopher Frueh, Benjamin L Weinstein, Joseph Petrosino, Cristian Coarfa, Alok Madan

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Objective: Through the brain-gut-microbiome axis, myriad psychological functions that affect behavior share a dynamic, bidirectional relationship with the intestinal microbiome. Little is known about the relationship between personality-a stable construct that influences social- and health-related behaviors-and the bacterial ecosystem. The authors of this exploratory study examined the relationship between general and maladaptive personality traits and the composition of the gut microbiome.

Methods: In total, 105 psychiatric inpatients provided clinical data and fecal samples. Personality traits were measured with the five-factor model of personality, the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Personality Disorders, and the Personality Inventory for DSM-5; 16S …

Real-World Experiences With Vmat2 Inhibitors In Pediatric Hyperkinetic Movement Disorders, Sujal Manohar, Jennifer Jacobe, Rebecca Berger, Joseph Jankovic, Mariam Hull

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) inhibitors are often prescribed for the treatment of hyperkinetic movement disorders such as tics, stereotypy, tardive dyskinesia and chorea. These dopamine depleters have been FDA approved in adults for the treatment of chorea in Huntington's disease and tardive dyskinesia. Use of VMAT2 inhibitors in pediatric hyperkinetic movement disorders, however, is limited due to lack of pediatric FDA approval. We review the real-world prescribing practices and patient experiences with VMAT2 inhibitors in children.

Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of patients treated with VMAT2 inhibitors at a pediatric movement disorders clinic from 2011 to …

Critiques Of The Cass Review: Fact-Checking The Peer-Reviewed And Grey Literature, Kathleen Mcdeavitt, J Cohn, Stephen B Levine

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The Cass Review's final report, published in April 2024, made recommendations to the UK's National Health Service regarding structuring of services for minors with gender-related distress. It recommended cautious use of hormonal interventions in this population and use of research protocols. Some clinician-researchers disagree with the Cass Review's recommendations and have written critiques. A critique of the Cass Review posted on Yale Law School's website in July 2024 has received extensive media coverage. Its references identified three other critiques. In these papers, there were multiple claims that were incorrect or that lacked essential clarification/contextualization. These claims involved (1) the Cass …

Efficacy Of Nampt Inhibition In T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Chelsea Vrana, Matthew Zhang, Max Rochette, Michelle Alozie, Hailey Oviedo, Alan Gonzalez, Jaden Sherman, Barry Zorman, Pavel Sumazin, Karen R Rabin, Jacob J Junco

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Novel agents targeting upregulated signaling pathways are needed to improve outcomes in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), since conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy regimens have reached the limits of tolerability. We identified upregulated, targetable signaling pathways common to both human T-ALL samples and a KrasLSL-G12D/+.Mb1Cre/+ murine model of T-ALL. We found the NAMPT inhibitor FK866 had the greatest cytotoxicity of a panel of small molecule inhibitors tested in human and mouse T-ALL cell lines, and in patient derived xenograft (PDX)-expanded T-ALL patient samples. We subsequently tested FK866 in vivo in PDX mouse models of T-ALL, and found that it significantly reduced the …

The Association Of Human Milk Intake And Outcomes In Biliary Atresia, Mary Elizabeth M Tessier, Jeremy M Schraw, Stacey Beer, Sanjiv Harpavat, M Kyle Jensen, John C Magee, Vicky Ng, Michael E Scheurer, Sarah A Taylor, Benjamin L Shneider

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Objectives: Human milk intake has many benefits which could influence outcomes in biliary atresia (BA). However, the role of human milk in BA has not been examined. We hypothesized that human milk intake would be associated with improved outcomes in BA.

Methods: We assessed the impact of any human milk (AHM) as compared to formula only (FO) intake before Kasai portoenterostomy (KP) on outcomes in 447 infants with BA using the PROBE database (NCT00061828) post hoc. The primary outcome was clearance of jaundice (COJ = total bilirubin (TB) < 2 mg/dL by 3 months post-KP). Secondary outcomes included 2-year survival with native liver (SNL), bilirubin levels, cholangitis, ascites, and growth. We assessed the fecal microbiome (n = 8) comparing AHM versus FO.

Results: At baseline, 211 infants received AHM and 215 received …

Averting Collapse: Reimagining The Ntds Ecosystem Through G20 Health Diplomacy And Science Innovation, Maple Goh, Peter J Hotez

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The recent termination of the U.S. Government's neglected topical diseases (NTD) mass treatment program, following similar cuts by the UK, threatens decades of progress. Without a strategic reset, NTDs may re-emerge, exacerbating poverty across Africa and beyond. We call for a broadened donor base and reframing NTD control as a shared global interest, especially as NTDs rise in G20 nations due to climate change and urbanization. This moment demands investment in sustainable tools, like NextGen vaccines and biologics, and greater leadership from G20 countries. While USAID's exit is a setback, opportunities arise for decolonizing global health and fostering new partnerships.

Long-Term Anti-Sars-Cov-2 Antibody Trajectories After Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibody Treatment, Elizabeth S Munroe, Greg A Grandits, Robert C Hyzy, Hallie C Prescott, Thomas W Barrett, Robin L Dewar, Nicole Engen, Anna L Goodman, Timothy J Hatlen, Helene Highbarger, Thomas L Holland, Gareth Hughes, Tomas O Jensen, Muhammad A Khan, Ioannis Kalomenidis, Nayon Kang, Sylvain Laverdure, Prasad Manian, Vidya Menon, Ravi Patel, Srikanth Ramachandruni, Tauseef Rehman, Kathryn Shaw-Saliba, Birgit Thorup Røge, David M Vock, Amy C Weintrob, Barnaby E Young, Anne P Frosch, Strive Network And Therapeutics For Inpatients With Covid-19 (Tico) Study Groups

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (nMAbs) have been used to treat COVID-19 and are increasingly being used to treat other infections. However, there is concern that by neutralizing the SARS-CoV-2 virus, nMAbs may decrease the availability of antigens to the immune system, potentially impairing the endogenous polyclonal immune response and decreasing long-term immune protection.

Methods: We compared 28 and 90-day anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein neutralization activity and anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid response for patients hospitalized with COVID-19 infection randomized to receive nMAbs or placebo in the large platform ACTIV-3/TICO trials. We pooled results from four trials of anti-spike nMAbs. For most tested agents, measurements …

The Utility Of Brain Biomarkers In Predicting Survival And Neurological Outcomes In Pediatric Patients After Cardiac Arrest: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Halla Kamińska, Krzysztof Kurek, Michał Zembala, Sagar Galwankar, Monika Tomaszewska, Shraddha Singh, Nicola Luigi Bragazzi, Michał Pruc, Basar Cander, Francesco Chirico, Amelia Rizzo, Jacek Kubica, Ayman El-Menyar, Anne Lepetit, Pawel Patrzylas, Zubaid Rafique, W Frank Peacock, Łukasz Szarpak

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Cardiac arrest in children is associated with high morbidity and mortality, primarily due to neurological injury. Biomarkers linked to brain injury, released into circulation from compromised elements of the neurovascular unit, act as significant prognostic indicators in patients suffering from hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIBI) subsequent to the restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) after pediatric cardiac arrest. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate the prognostic utility of brain injury biomarkers in predicting neurological outcomes and survival in patients following cardiac arrest in the pediatric population.

Methods: Bibliographic databases (PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Embase) were …

Pregnancy In Dystonia Or Tourette's Patients With Dbs Fourteen News Cases And A Review Of The Literature, Raja Mehanna, Arjun Tarakad, Lisa Yutong Taneff, Erin Furr Stimming

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) has been demonstrated to improve quality of life in patients with refractory dystonia and Tourette's syndrome (TS). Because of the young age at onset of these disorders, and the marked benefit from DBS, pregnancy in patients who have received DBS is becoming a more frequent clinical occurrence, although clear management guidelines are lacking.

Cases: We report 14 new pregnancies in patients with dystonia or TS and DBS.

Literature review: Upon review of the literature, 23 pregnancies in patients with dystonia or TS were previously reported in seven articles.

Conclusion: Based on the available data from …

Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter: Which Axis Should Be Measured?, Jakob Pansell, Tina Thomsson, Emelie Eng, Andreas Wallin, Mohammad Hirzallah

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background and purpose: Optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) measured by point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is a commonly used non-invasive estimate of intracranial pressure (ICP). However, methodological variations limit standardization of this promising technique. Different imaging axes are identified as one such source of ONSD POCUS methodological variation. This study aimed to evaluate the agreement and diagnostic accuracy for elevated ICP between transverse and sagittal ONSD measurements.

Methods: We conducted a post-hoc analysis of 213 intensive care patients from three prior studies. ONSD was measured in both transverse and sagittal planes, externally (ONSDext) and internally (ONSDint) of the dura mater. Agreement was …

Cochlear Implantation With Sporadic Inner Ear Schwannomas: Outcomes In 106 Patients From An International Multi-Institutional Study, John P. Marinelli, Torsten Rahne, James R. Dornhoffer, Christine M. Lohse, Justin Cottrell, J. Thomas Roland, Nicholas J. Thompson, Kevin D. Brown, Jacob C. Lucas, Seilesh C. Babu, Nathan R. Lindquist, Elizabeth L. Perkins, Donald Tan, John I. Lane, Jacob B. Hunter, Erin Harvey, Nicholas L. Deep, Samantha Y. Cerasiello, Matthew L. Kircher, Mana Espahbodi, Evan L. Tooker, Niels Cramer West, Per Caye-Thomasen, Matthew L. Carlson, Stefan K. Plontke

Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery Faculty Papers

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate cochlear implant speech perception among patients with sporadic inner ear schwannoma who underwent ipsilateral implantation.

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective multi-institutional cohort study.

SETTING: Eleven tertiary academic medical centers across Germany, Denmark, and the United States.

PATIENTS: One hundred six patients with sporadic inner ear schwannoma who received an ipsilateral cochlear implant from 2011 to 2022.

INTERVENTIONS: Ipsilateral cochlear implantation with observation, stereotactic radiosurgery, or microsurgery for tumor management.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Monosyllabic speech perception testing scores and rates of open-set speech perception.

RESULTS: Among 106 patients studied, 101 (95%) achieved open-set speech perception with a median of 24 …

Cath-Ddg: Towards Robust Mutation Effect Prediction On Protein-Protein Interactions Out Of Cath Homologous Superfamily, Guanglei Yu, Xuehua Bi, Teng Ma, Yaohang Li, Jianxin Wang

Computer Science Faculty Publications

Motivation: Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are fundamental aspects in understanding biological processes. Accurately predicting the effects of mutations on PPIs remains a critical requirement for drug design and disease mechanistic studies. Recently, deep learning models using protein 3D structures have become predominant for predicting mutation effects. However, significant challenges remain in practical applications, in part due to the considerable disparity in generalization capabilities between easy and hard mutations. Specifically, a hard mutation is defined as one with its maximum TM-score < 0.6 when compared to the training set. Additionally, compared to physics-based approaches, deep learning models may overestimate performance due to potential data leakage.

Results: We propose new training/test splits that mitigate data leakage according to the CATH homologous superfamily. Under the constraints of physical …

Coldstartcpi: Induced-Fit Theory-Guided Dti Predictive Model With Improved Generalization Performance, Qichang Zhao, Haochen Zhao, Linyuan Gao, Kai Zheng, Yajie Li, Qiao Ling, Jing Tang, Yaohang Li, Jianxin Wang

Computer Science Faculty Publications

Predicting compound-protein interactions (CPIs) plays a crucial role in drug discovery. Traditional methods, based on the key-lock theory and rigid docking, often fail with novel compounds and proteins due to their inability to account for molecular flexibility and the high sparsity of CPI data. Here, we introduce ColdstartCPI, a framework inspired by induced-fit theory, which leverages unsupervised pre-training features and a Transformer module to learn both compound and protein characteristics. ColdstartCPI treats proteins and compounds as flexible molecules during inference, aligning with biological insights. It outperforms state-of-the-art sequence-based models, particularly for unseen compounds and proteins, and shows strong generalization capability …

A Survey On Deep Learning For Drug-Target Binding Prediction: Models, Benchmarks, Evaluation, And Case Studies, Kusal Debnath, Pratip Rana, Preetam Ghosh

Computer Science Faculty Publications

Conventional drug discovery is expensive, time-consuming, and prone to failure. Artificial intelligence has become a potent substitute over the last decade, providing strong answers to challenging biological issues in this field. Among these difficulties, drug-target binding (DTB) is a key component of drug discovery techniques. In this context, drug-target affinity and drug–target interaction are complementary and essential frameworks that work together to improve our comprehension of DTB dynamics. In this work, we thoroughly analyze the most recent deep learning models, popular benchmark datasets, and assessment metrics for DTB prediction. We look at the paradigm shift in the development of drug …

Navigating The Complexities Of Mitral Valve Clipping: Early Severe Mitral Valve Stenosis After Mitral Valve Clipping, Wassim Abouzeid, Ahmad Haddad, Chrystina Kiwan, Ahsan Khan, Addi Suleiman

The Texas Heart Institute Journal

This case study explores the journey of an 80-year-old male patient with a history of hypertension, diabetes, coronary artery disease after coronary artery bypass grafting, atrial fibrillation, and heart failure. Nine months before he presented to the emergency department, he had undergone mitral valve clipping for severe mitral valve regurgitation. Despite initial improvement, the patient experienced return of symptoms, including dyspnea at rest and lower limb edema. The results of this case-discovery of the need for mitral valve replacement-provides insights into the management of complications from mitral valve clipping and emphasizes that management requires a nuanced, meticulous approach.

Nutritional Management Of The Child With Chronic Kidney Disease And On Dialysis., Vanessa Shaw, Caroline Anderson, An Desloovere, Larry A. Greenbaum, Lyndsay Harshman, Christina L. Nelms, Pearl Pugh, Nonnie Polderman, José Renken-Terhaerdt, Evelien Snauwaert, Stella Stabouli, Jetta Tuokkola, Johan Vande Walle, Bradley A. Warady, Fabio Paglialonga, Rukshana Shroff

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

While it is widely accepted that the nutritional management of the infant with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is paramount to achieve normal growth and development, nutritional management is also of importance beyond 1 year of age, particularly in toddlers, to support the delayed infantile stage of growth that may extend to 2-3 years of age. Puberty is also a vulnerable period when nutritional needs are higher to support the expected growth spurt. Inadequate nutritional intake throughout childhood can result in failure to achieve full adult height potential, and there is an increased risk for abnormal neurodevelopment. Conversely, the rising prevalence …

The Relationship Between Brain Perfusion And Structure In Youth With Obesity, With And Without Type 2 Diabetes: A Pilot Study., Ryan P. Brady, Amy S. Shah, Mekibib Altaye, Jacob M. Redel, Dean W. Beebe, Mark W. Difrancesco

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Neurocognitive decline, dementia, and stroke are associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in adults. Youth-onset T2D and obesity are occurring more frequently, increasing the risk of earlier onset brain-related morbidity. Emerging evidence has demonstrated global and regional changes in gray matter volume (GMV) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) in youth with T2D and obesity as well. Understanding brain pathophysiology in youth-onset T2D and obesity requires more complex and multi-modal investigation of the brain, such as integration of brain structure and perfusion. Twenty youth with T2D and nineteen age, race, sex, and body mass index (BMI) similar youth with …