Digital Commons Network^™

Ambivalence: Prerequisite For Success In Motivational Interviewing With Adolescents?, Sarah W. Feldstein Ewing, Timothy R. Apodaca, Jacques Gaume

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The exploration and resolution of ambivalence play an essential role in motivational interviewing (MI) theory. However, most adolescent MI studies have not examined ambivalence as a contributor to behaviour change. This paper reviewed research findings on the role of ambivalence in the adolescent change process.

METHODS AND RESULTS: We undertook a narrative review of the published empirical and theoretical literature on ambivalence and mechanisms of change in MI for adolescents and found that current MI evaluations appear not to have access to reliable and valid measures of ambivalence in adolescence or neuroimaging methods to evaluate the mechanisms …

New Findings, Classification And Long-Term Follow-Up Study Based On Mri Characterization Of Brainstem Encephalitis Induced By Enterovirus 71, Hongwu Zeng, Feiqiu Wen, Wenxian Huang, Yungen Gan, Weibin Zeng, Ranran Chen, Yanxia He, Yonker Wang, Zaiyi Liu, Changhong Liang, Kelvin K. L. Wong

Radiology Faculty Publications

Background To report the diversity of MRI features of brainstem encephalitis (BE) induced by Enterovirus 71. This is supported by implementation and testing of our new classification scheme in order to improve the diagnostic level on this specific disease.

Methods Neuroimaging of 91 pediatric patients who got EV71 related BE were hospitalized between March, 2010 to October, 2012, were analyzed retrospectively. All patients underwent pre- and post-contrast MRI scan. Thereafter, 31 patients were randomly called back for follow-up MRI study during December 2013 to August 2014. The MRI signal patterns of BE primary lesion were analyzed and classified according to …

Suite For Human Nature, Rachel Wadham

Children's Book and Media Review

Based on a musical composition by lyricist Lampert and musician Wynton Marsalis, this folkloric allegory tells the tale of Mother Nature and her children. Mother Nature wants to have a child so she creates a boy and names him Fear. Leaving him with the humans to tend to the earth she returns to find all in turmoil. Determined to make things right she creates Envy but finds the outcome is not as expected. Again she tries with Hate and Greed, then again with a sister, Fickle. Nothing turns out and born down by grief she finally listens to the advice …

Signaling Through Lrg1, Rho1 And Pkc1 Governs Candida Albicans Morphogenesis In Response To Diverse Cues, Jinglin L. Xie, Nora Grahl, Trevor Sless, Michelle Leach, Sang Hu Kim, Deborah Hogan

Dartmouth Scholarship

The capacity to transition between distinct morphological forms is a key virulence trait for diverse fungal pathogens. A poignant example of a leading opportunistic fungal pathogen of humans for which an environmentally responsive developmental program underpins virulence is Candida albicans. C. albicans mutants that are defective in the transition between yeast and filamentous forms typically have reduced virulence. Although many positive regulators of C. albicans filamentation have been defined, there are fewer negative regulators that have been implicated in repression of filamentation in the absence of inducing cues. To discover novel negative regulators of filamentation, we screened …

P70s6k1 (S6k1)-Mediated Phosphorylation Regulates Phosphatidylinositol 4-Phosphate 5-Kinase Type I Γ Degradation And Cell Invasion, Naser Jafari, Qiaodan Zheng, Liqing Li, Wei Li, Lei Qi, Jianyong Xiao, Tianyan Gao, Cai Huang

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase type I γ (PIPKIγ90) ubiquitination and subsequent degradation regulate focal adhesion assembly, cell migration, and invasion. However, it is unknown how upstream signals control PIPKIγ90 ubiquitination or degradation. Here we show that p70S6K1 (S6K1), a downstream target of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), phosphorylates PIPKIγ90 at Thr-553 and Ser-555 and that S6K1-mediated PIPKIγ90 phosphorylation is essential for cell migration and invasion. Moreover, PIPKIγ90 phosphorylation is required for the development of focal adhesions and invadopodia, key machineries for cell migration and invasion. Surprisingly, substitution of Thr-553 and Ser-555 …

The Skp1 Homologs Skr-1/2 Are Required For The Caenorhabditis Elegans Skn-1 Antioxidant/Detoxification Response Independently Of P38 Mapk., Cheng-Wei Wu, Andrew Deonarine, Aaron Przybysz, Kevin Strange, Keith P. Chloe

Molecular Biosciences Faculty Publications

SKN-1/Nrf are the primary antioxidant/detoxification response transcription factors in animals and they promote health and longevity in many contexts. SKN-1/Nrf are activated by a remarkably broad-range of natural and synthetic compounds and physiological conditions. Defining the signaling mechanisms that regulate SKN-1/Nrf activation provides insights into how cells coordinate responses to stress. Nrf2 in mammals is regulated in part by the redox sensor repressor protein named Keap1. In C. elegans, the p38 MAPK cascade in the intestine activates SKN-1 during oxidative stress by promoting its nuclear accumulation. Interestingly, we find variation in the kinetics of p38 MAPK activation and tissues with …

Plant Expression Of Cocaine Hydrolase-Fc Fusion Protein For Treatment Of Cocaine Abuse, Guojun Wang, Ting Zhang, Haifeng Huang, Shurong Hou, Xiabin Chen, Fang Zheng, Chang-Guo Zhan

Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: A recently reported cocaine hydrolase (CocH3) fused with fragment crystallizable (Fc) region of human immunoglobulin G1, denoted as CocH3-Fc, is known as a promising therapeutic candidate for the treatment of cocaine overdose and addiction. A challenge for practical therapeutic use of this enzyme exists in the large-scale protein production and, therefore, it is interesting to identify a low-cost and feasible, sustainable source of CocH3-Fc production.

RESULTS: CocH3-Fc was transiently expressed in plant Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. The plant-expressed protein, denoted as pCocH3-Fc, was as active as that expressed in mammalian cells both in vitro and in vivo. However, compared to …

Pleckstrin Homology (Ph) Domain Leucine-Rich Repeat Protein Phosphatase Controls Cell Polarity By Negatively Regulating The Activity Of Atypical Protein Kinase C, Xiaopeng Xiong, Xin Li, Yang-An Wen, Tianyan Gao

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

The proper establishment of epithelial polarity allows cells to sense and respond to signals that arise from the microenvironment in a spatiotemporally controlled manner. Atypical PKCs (aPKCs) are implicated as key regulators of epithelial polarity. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the negative regulation of aPKCs remains largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that PH domain leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatase (PHLPP), a novel family of Ser/Thr protein phosphatases, plays an important role in regulating epithelial polarity by controlling the phosphorylation of both aPKC isoforms. Altered expression of PHLPP1 or PHLPP2 disrupted polarization of Caco2 cells grown in 3D cell cultures …

Can Academic Medicine Lead The Way In The Refugee Crisis?, Amir A Afkhami

Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Faculty Publications

The world is currently in the midst of the largest refugee crisis since World War II, with the highest interval of mass displacement in recorded history according to the United Nations. The United States has pledged to maintain its position as one of the world's top resettlement countries in response to this crisis. These new immigrants will arrive with exceptional chronic and acute medical needs, including higher rates of behavioral health disorders. The author describes the health care challenges experienced by refugees seeking asylum in the United States and outlines the ways in which our health care system is currently …

Usage Of Swi (Susceptibility Weighted Imaging) Acquired At 7t For Qualitative Evaluation Of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients With Histopathological And Clinical Correlation: An Initial Pilot Study., Benjamin Y M Kwan, Fateme Salehi, Pavlo Ohorodnyk, Donald H Lee, Jorge G Burneo, Seyed M Mirsattari, David Steven, Robert Hammond, Terry M Peters, Ali R Khan

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

OBJECTIVES: Ultra high field MRI at 7T is able to provide much improved spatial and contrast resolution which may aid in the diagnosis of hippocampal abnormalities. This paper presents a preliminary experience on qualitative evaluation of 7T MRI in temporal lobe epilepsy patients with a focus on comparison to histopathology.

METHODS: 7T ultra high field MRI data, using T1-weighted, T2*-weighted and susceptibility-weighted images (SWI), were acquired for 13 patients with drug resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) during evaluation for potential epilepsy surgery. Qualitative evaluation of the imaging data for scan quality and presence of hippocampal and temporal lobe abnormalities were …

A Continuum Of Admixture In The Western Hemisphere Revealed By The African Diaspora Genome, Rasika A. Mathias, Margaret A. Taub, Christopher R. Gignoux, Wenqing Fu, Shaila Musharoff, Timothy D. O'Connor, Candelaria Vergara, Dara G. Torgerson, Maria Pino-Yanes, Suyash S. Shringarpure, Lili Huang, Nicholas Rafaels, Meher P. Boorgula, Henry R. Johnston, Victor E. Ortega, Albert M. Levin, Wei Song, Raul Torres, Badri Padhukasahasram, Celeste Eng, Delmy-Aracely Mejia-Mejia, Trevor Ferguson, Zhaohui S. Qin, Alan F. Scott, Maria Yazdanbakhsh, James G. Wilson, Javier Marrugo, Leslie A. Lange, Rajesh Kumar, Pedro C Avila, Keoki L. Williams, Harold Watson, Lorraine B. Ware, Christopher Olopade, Olufunmilayo Olopade, Ricardo Oliveira, Carole Ober, Dan L. Nicolae, Deborah Meyers, Alvaro Mayorga, Jennifer Knight-Madden, Tina Hartert, Nadia N. Hansel, Marilyn G. Foreman, Jean G. Ford, Mezbah U. Faruque, Georgia M. Dunston, Luis Caraballo, Esteban G. Burchard, Eugene Bleecker, Maria Ilma Araujo, Edwin Francisco Herrera-Paz, Kimberly Gietzen, Wendy E. Grus, Michael Bamshad, Carlos D. Bustamante, Eimear E. Kenny, Ryan D. Hernandez, Terri H. Beaty, Ingo Ruczinski, Joshua Akey, Kathleen C. Barnes

Center for Health Policy and Health Services Research Articles

The African Diaspora in the Western Hemisphere represents one of the largest forced migrations in history and had a profound impact on genetic diversity in modern populations. To date, the fine-scale population structure of descendants of the African Diaspora remains largely uncharacterized. Here we present genetic variation from deeply sequenced genomes of 642 individuals from North and South American, Caribbean and West African populations, substantially increasing the lexicon of human genomic variation and suggesting much variation remains to be discovered in African-admixed populations in the Americas. We summarize genetic variation in these populations, quantifying the postcolonial sex-biased European gene flow …

Data From A Pre-Publication Independent Replication Initiative Examining Ten Moral Judgement Effects., Warren Tierney, Martin Schweinsberg, Jennifer Jordan, Deanna M Kennedy, Israr Qureshi, S Amy Sommer, Nico Thornley, Wendy L Bedwell, Sarah E Frick, P Scott Ramsay

Psychology Faculty Publications

We present the data from a crowdsourced project seeking to replicate findings in independent laboratories before (rather than after) they are published. In this Pre-Publication Independent Replication (PPIR) initiative, 25 research groups attempted to replicate 10 moral judgment effects from a single laboratory's research pipeline of unpublished findings. The 10 effects were investigated using online/lab surveys containing psychological manipulations (vignettes) followed by questionnaires. Results revealed a mix of reliable, unreliable, and culturally moderated findings. Unlike any previous replication project, this dataset includes the data from not only the replications but also from the original studies, creating a unique corpus that …

Global, Regional, And National Life Expectancy, All-Cause Mortality, And Cause-Specific Mortality For 249 Causes Of Death, 1980-2015: A Systematic Analysis For The Global Burden Of Disease Study 2015, H Wang, M Naghavi, M Coggeshall, L Dandona, D Dicker, Sahil Khera, M Tavakkoli, Gbd 2015 Mortality And Causes Of Death Collaborators

NYMC Faculty Publications

Background Improving survival and extending the longevity of life for all populations requires timely, robust evidence on local mortality levels and trends. The Global Burden of Disease 2015 Study (GBD 2015) provides a comprehensive assessment of all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1980 to 2015. These results informed an in-depth investigation of observed and expected mortality patterns based on sociodemographic measures. Methods We estimated all-cause mortality by age, sex, geography, and year using an improved analytical approach originally developed for GBD 2013 and GBD 2010. Improvements included refinements to the estimation of child …

Global, Regional, And National Incidence, Prevalence, And Years Lived With Disability For 310 Diseases And Injuries, 1990-2015: A Systematic Analysis For The Global Burden Of Disease Study 2015, T Vos, C Allen, M Arora, R Barber, Z Bhutta, A Brown, A Carter, D Casey, Sahil Khera, M Tavakkoli, Gbd 2015 Disease And Injury Incidence And Prevalence Collaborators

NYMC Faculty Publications

Background Non-fatal outcomes of disease and injury increasingly detract from the ability of the world's population to live in full health, a trend largely attributable to an epidemiological transition in many countries from causes affecting children, to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) more common in adults. For the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 (GBD 2015), we estimated the incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for diseases and injuries at the global, regional, and national scale over the period of 1990 to 2015. Methods We estimated incidence and prevalence by age, sex, cause, year, and geography with …

Circnet: A Database Of Circular Rnas Derived From Transcriptome Sequencing Data, Yu-Chen Liu, Jian-Rong Li, Chuan-Hu Sun, Erik Andrews, Rou-Fang Chao, Feng-Mao Lin, Shun-Long Weng, Sheng-Da Hsu, Chieh-Chen Huang, Chao Cheng, Chun-Chi Liu, Hsien-Da Huang

Dartmouth Scholarship

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) represent a new type of regulatory noncoding RNA that only recently has been identified and cataloged. Emerging evidence indicates that circRNAs exert a new layer of post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. In this study, we utilized transcriptome sequencing datasets to systematically identify the expression of circRNAs (including known and newly identified ones by our pipeline) in 464 RNA-seq samples, and then constructed the CircNet database (http://circnet.mbc.nctu.edu.tw/) that provides the following resources: (i) novel circRNAs, (ii) integrated miRNA-target networks, (iii) expression profiles of circRNA isoforms, (iv) genomic annotations of circRNA isoforms (e.g. 282 948 exon positions), …

Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Activation Of Egfr As A Novel Target For Meningitic Escherichia Coli Penetration Of The Blood-Brain Barrier, Xiangru Wang, Ravi Maruvada, Andrew J. Morris, Jun O. Liu, Michael J. Wolfgang, Dong Jae Baek, Robert Bittman, Kwang Sik Kim

Internal Medicine Faculty Publications

Central nervous system (CNS) infection continues to be an important cause of mortality and morbidity, necessitating new approaches for investigating its pathogenesis, prevention and therapy. Escherichia coli is the most common Gram-negative bacillary organism causing meningitis, which develops following penetration of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). By chemical library screening, we identified epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) as a contributor to E. coli invasion of the BBB in vitro. Here, we obtained the direct evidence that CNS-infecting E. coli exploited sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) for EGFR activation in penetration of the BBB in vitro and in vivo. We …

Biallelic Mutations In Tbcd, Encoding The Tubulin Folding Cofactor D, Perturb Microtubule Dynamics And Cause Early-Onset Encephalopathy., Elisabetta Flex, Marcello Niceta, Serena Cecchetti, Isabelle Thiffault, Margaret G. Au, Alessandro Capuano, Emanuela Piermarini, Anna A. Ivanova, Joshua W. Francis, Giovanni Chillemi, Balasubramanian Chandramouli, Giovanna Carpentieri, Charlotte A. Haaxma, Andrea Ciolfi, Simone Pizzi, Ganka V. Douglas, Kara Levine, Antonella Sferra, Maria Lisa Dentici, Rolph R. Pfundt, Jean-Baptist Lepichon, Emily G. Farrow, Frank Baas, Fiorella Piemonte, Bruno Dallapiccola, John M. Graham, Carol J. Saunders, Enrico Bertini, Richard A. Kahn, David A. Koolen, Marco Tartaglia

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Microtubules are dynamic cytoskeletal elements coordinating and supporting a variety of neuronal processes, including cell division, migration, polarity, intracellular trafficking, and signal transduction. Mutations in genes encoding tubulins and microtubule-associated proteins are known to cause neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Growing evidence suggests that altered microtubule dynamics may also underlie or contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders and neurodegeneration. We report that biallelic mutations in TBCD, encoding one of the five co-chaperones required for assembly and disassembly of the αβ-tubulin heterodimer, the structural unit of microtubules, cause a disease with neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative features characterized by early-onset cortical atrophy, secondary hypomyelination, microcephaly, thin …

Throat Swabs And Sputum Culture As Predictors Of P. Aeruginosa Or S. Aureus Lung Colonization In Adult Cystic Fibrosis Patients, Darius Seidler, Mary Griffin, Amanda Nymon, Katja Koeppen, Alix Ashare

Dartmouth Scholarship

Background:

Due to frequent infections in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, repeated respiratory cultures are obtained to inform treatment. When patients are unable to expectorate sputum, clinicians obtain throat swabs as a surrogate for lower respiratory cultures. There is no clear data in adult subjects demonstrating the adequacy of throat swabs as a surrogate for sputum or BAL. Our study was designed to determine the utility of throat swabs in identifying lung colonization with common organisms in adults with CF.

Methods:

Adult CF subjects (n = 20) underwent bronchoscopy with BAL. Prior to bronchoscopy, a throat swab was obtained. A sputum …

Tumor Vessel Normalization After Aerobic Exercise Enhances Chemotherapeutic Efficacy., Keri L Schadler, Nicholas J Thomas, Peter Galie, Dong Ha Bhang, Kerry C Roby, Prince Addai, Jacob E Till, Kathleen Sturgeon, Alexander Zaslavsky, Christopher S Chen, Sandra Ryeom

Henry M. Rowan College of Engineering Departmental Research

Targeted therapies aimed at tumor vasculature are utilized in combination with chemotherapy to improve drug delivery and efficacy after tumor vascular normalization. Tumor vessels are highly disorganized with disrupted blood flow impeding drug delivery to cancer cells. Although pharmacologic anti-angiogenic therapy can remodel and normalize tumor vessels, there is a limited window of efficacy and these drugs are associated with severe side effects necessitating alternatives for vascular normalization. Recently, moderate aerobic exercise has been shown to induce vascular normalization in mouse models. Here, we provide a mechanistic explanation for the tumor vascular normalization induced by exercise. Shear stress, the mechanical …

Defining And Targeting Health Disparities In Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Roy A. Pleasants, Isaretta L. Riley, David M. Mannino

Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health Faculty Publications

The global burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) continues to grow in part due to better outcomes in other major diseases and in part because a substantial portion of the worldwide population continues to be exposed to inhalant toxins. However, a disproportionate burden of COPD occurs in people of low socioeconomic status (SES) due to differences in health behaviors, sociopolitical factors, and social and structural environmental exposures. Tobacco use, occupations with exposure to inhalant toxins, and indoor biomass fuel (BF) exposure are more common in low SES populations. Not only does SES affect the risk of developing COPD and …

Rationale And Design Of The Children's Oncology Group (Cog) Study Alte1621: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial To Determine If Low-Dose Carvedilol Can Prevent Anthracycline-Related Left Ventricular Remodeling In Childhood Cancer Survivors At High Risk For Developing Heart Failure., Saro H. Armenian, Melissa M. Hudson, Ming Hui Chen, Steven D. Colan, Lanie Lindenfeld, George Mills, Aida Siyahian, Sarah Gelehrter, Ha Dang, Wendy Hein, Daniel M M. Green, Leslie L. Robison, F Lennie Wong, Pamela S. Douglas, Smita Bhatia

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Background: Anthracyclines are widely used in the treatment of childhood cancer. One of the well-recognized side-effects of anthracycline therapy is dose-dependent cardiomyopathy that may progress to heart failure (HF) years after completion of cancer-directed therapy. This study will evaluate the efficacy of low-dose beta-blocker (carvedilol) for HF risk reduction in childhood cancer survivors at highest risk for HF. The proposed intervention has the potential to significantly reduce chronic cardiac injury via interruption of neurohormonal systems responsible for left ventricular (LV) remodeling, resulting in improved cardiac function and decreased risk of HF. The intervention is informed by previous studies demonstrating efficacy …

Tgf-Β Signaling: New Insights Into Aortic Aneurysms, Sean E. Thatcher

Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

New Measures To Capture End Of Life Concerns In Huntington Disease: Meaning And Purpose And Concern With Death And Dying From Hdqlife (A Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement System)., N E Carlozzi, N R Downing, M K Mccormack, S G Schilling, J S Perlmutter, E A Hahn, J S Lai, S Frank, K A Quaid, J S Paulsen, D Cella, S M Goodnight, J A Miner, M A Nance

Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research

PURPOSE: Huntington disease (HD) is an incurable terminal disease. Thus, end of life (EOL) concerns are common in these individuals. A quantitative measure of EOL concerns in HD would enable a better understanding of how these concerns impact health-related quality of life. Therefore, we developed new measures of EOL for use in HD.

METHODS: An EOL item pool of 45 items was field tested in 507 individuals with prodromal or manifest HD. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA and CFA, respectively) were conducted to establish unidimensional item pools. Item response theory (IRT) and differential item functioning analyses were applied to …

Hdqlife: Development And Assessment Of Health-Related Quality Of Life In Huntington Disease (Hd), N E Carlozzi, S G Schilling, J-S Lai, J S Paulsen, E A Hahn, J S Perlmutter, C A Ross, N R Downing, A L Kratz, M K Mccormack, M A Nance, K A Quaid, J C Stout, R C Gershon, R E Ready, J A Miner, S K Barton, S L Perlman, S M Rao, S Frank, I Shoulson, H Marin, M D Geschwind, P Dayalu, S M Goodnight, D Cella

Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research

PURPOSE: Huntington disease (HD) is a chronic, debilitating genetic disease that affects physical, emotional, cognitive, and social health. Existing patient-reported outcomes (PROs) of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) used in HD are neither comprehensive, nor do they adequately account for clinically meaningful changes in function. While new PROs examining HRQOL (i.e., Neuro-QoL-Quality of Life in Neurological Disorders and PROMIS-Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System) offer solutions to many of these shortcomings, they do not include HD-specific content, nor have they been validated in HD. HDQLIFE addresses this by validating 12 PROMIS/Neuro-QoL domains in individuals with HD and by using established PROMIS …

Characterizing The Reproduction Number Of Epidemics With Early Subexponential Growth Dynamics., Gerardo Chowell, Cécile Viboud, Lone Simonsen, Seyed M Moghadas

Global Health Faculty Publications

Early estimates of the transmission potential of emerging and re-emerging infections are increasingly used to inform public health authorities on the level of risk posed by outbreaks. Existing methods to estimate the reproduction number generally assume exponential growth in case incidence in the first few disease generations, before susceptible depletion sets in. In reality, outbreaks can display subexponential (i.e. polynomial) growth in the first few disease generations, owing to clustering in contact patterns, spatial effects, inhomogeneous mixing, reactive behaviour changes or other mechanisms. Here, we introduce the generalized growth model to characterize the early growth profile of outbreaks and estimate …

Neural Measures Reveal Implicit Learning During Language Processing., Laura J Batterink, Larry Y Cheng, Ken A Paller

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Language input is highly variable; phonological, lexical, and syntactic features vary systematically across different speakers, geographic regions, and social contexts. Previous evidence shows that language users are sensitive to these contextual changes and that they can rapidly adapt to local regularities. For example, listeners quickly adjust to accented speech, facilitating comprehension. It has been proposed that this type of adaptation is a form of implicit learning. This study examined a similar type of adaptation, syntactic adaptation, to address two issues: (1) whether language comprehenders are sensitive to a subtle probabilistic contingency between an extraneous feature (font color) and syntactic structure …

Ultrafiltration Rate Thresholds In Maintenance Hemodialysis: An Nkf-Kdoqi Controversies Report, Holly Kramer, Jerry Yee, Daniel E. Weiner, Vinod Bansal, Michael J. Choi, Laura Brereton, Jeffrey S. Berns, Milagros Samaniego-Picota, Paul Scheel, Michael Rocco

Nephrology Articles

High hemodialysis ultrafiltration rate (UFR) is increasingly recognized as an important and modifiable risk factor for mortality among patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis. Recently, the Kidney Care Quality Alliance (KCQA) developed a UFR measure to assess dialysis unit care quality. The UFR measure was defined as UFR≥13mL/kg/h for patients with dialysis session length less than 240 minutes and was endorsed by the National Quality Forum as a quality measure in December 2015. Despite this, implementation of a UFR threshold remains controversial. In this NKF-KDOQI (National Kidney Foundation-Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative) Controversies Report, we discuss the concept of the UFR, which …

Cumulative Fluid Balance And Mortality In Septic Patients With Or Without Acute Kidney Injury And Chronic Kidney Disease, Javier A. Neyra, Xilong Li, Fabrizio Canepa-Escaro, Beverley Adams-Huet, Robert D. Toto, Jerry Yee, S S. Hedayati

Nephrology Articles

OBJECTIVE: Incident acute kidney injury and prevalent chronic kidney disease are commonly encountered in septic patients. We examined the differential effect of acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease on the association between cumulative fluid balance and hospital mortality in critically ill septic patients.

DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study.

SETTING: Urban academic medical center ICU.

PATIENTS: ICU adult patients with severe sepsis or septic shock and serum creatinine measured within 3 months prior to and 72 hours of ICU admission. Patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate less than 15 mL/min/1.73 m or receiving chronic dialysis were excluded.

INTERVENTIONS: None.

MEASUREMENTS AND …

Creating A Library Holding Group: An Approach To Large System Integration., Isaac R Huffman, Heather J Martin, Barbara (Basia) Delawska-Elliott

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

PURPOSE: Faced with resource constraints, many hospital libraries have considered joint operations. This case study describes how Providence Health & Services created a single group to provide library services.

METHODS: Using a holding group model, staff worked to unify more than 6,100 nonlibrary subscriptions and 14 internal library sites.

RESULTS: Our library services grew by unifying 2,138 nonlibrary subscriptions and 11 library sites and hiring more library staff. We expanded access to 26,018 more patrons.

CONCLUSIONS: A model with built-in flexibility allowed successful library expansion. Although challenges remain, this success points to a viable model of unified operations.

Combining Intensive Counseling By Frontline Workers With A Nationwide Mass Media Campaign Has Large Differential Impacts On Complementary Feeding Practices But Not On Child Growth: Results Of A Cluster-Randomized Program Evaluation In Bangladesh, Purnima Menon, Phuong Hong Nguyen, Kuntal Kumar Saha, Adiba Khaled, Tina Sanghvi, Jean Baker, Kaosar Afsana, Raisul Haque, Edward A. Frongillo Jr., Marie T. Ruel, Rahul Rawat

Faculty Publications

Background: Complementary feeding (CF) contributes to child growth and development, but few CF programs are delivered at scale. Alive & Thrive addressed this in Bangladesh through intensified interpersonal counseling (IPC), mass media (MM), and community mobilization (CM).

Objective: The objective was to evaluate the impact of providing IPC + MM + CM (intensive) compared with standard nutrition counseling + less intensive MM + CM (nonintensive) on CF practices and anthropometric measurements.

Methods: We used a cluster-randomized, nonblinded evaluation with cross-sectional surveys [n = ∼600 and 1090 children 6-23.9 mo and 24-47.9 mo/group, respectively, at baseline (2010) and n = ∼500 …