Digital Commons Network^™

Genetic Risk Factors In Isolated Dystonia Escape Genome-Wide Association Studies, Björn-Hergen Laabs, Katja Lohmann, Eva-Juliane Vollstedt, Tobias Reinberger, Lisa-Marie Nuxoll, Gamze Kilic-Berkmen, Joel S Perlmutter, Sebastian Loens, Carlos Cruchaga, Andre Franke, Valerija Dobricic, Frauke Hinrichs, Anne Grözinger, Eckart Altenmüller, Steven Bellows, Sylvia Boesch, Susan B Bressman, Kevin R Duque, Alberto J Espay, Andreas Ferbert, Jeanne S Feuerstein, Samuel Frank, Thomas Gasser, Bernhard Haslinger, Robert Jech, Frank Kaiser, Christoph Kamm, Katja Kollewe, Andrea A Kühn, Mark S Ledoux, Ebba Lohmann, Abhimanyu Mahajan, Alexander Münchau, Trisha Multhaupt-Buell, Alexander Pantelyat, Sarah E Pirio Richardson, Deborah Raymond, Stephen G Reich, Rachel Saunders Pullman, Barbara Schormair, Nutan Sharma, Azadeh Hamzehei Sichani, Kristina Simonyan, Jens Volkmann, Aparna Wagle Shukla, Juliane Winkelmann, Laura J Wright, Michael Zech, Kirsten E Zeuner, Simone Zittel, Meike Kasten, Yan V Sun, Tobias Bäumer, Norbert Brüggemann, Laurie J Ozelius, Hyder A Jinnah, Christine Klein, Inke R König

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Despite considerable heritability, previous smaller genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have not identified any robust genetic risk factors for isolated dystonia.

Objective: The objective of this study was to perform a large-scale GWAS in a well-characterized, multicenter sample of >6000 individuals to identify genetic risk factors for isolated dystonia.

Methods: Array-based GWASs were performed on autosomes for 4303 dystonia participants and 2362 healthy control subjects of European ancestry with subgroup analysis based on age at onset, affected body regions, and a newly developed clinical score. Another 736 individuals were used for validation.

Results: This GWAS identified no common genome-wide significant …

Challenges And Rewards Of In Vivo Synaptic Density Imaging, And Its Application To The Study Of Depression, Ruth H Asch, Chadi G Abdallah, Richard E Carson, Irina Esterlis

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The development of novel radiotracers for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging agents targeting the synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2 A (SV2A), an integral glycoprotein present in the membrane of all synaptic vesicles throughout the central nervous system, provides a method for the in vivo quantification of synaptic density. This is of particular interest in neuropsychiatric disorders given that synaptic alterations appear to underlie disease progression and symptom severity. In this review, we briefly describe the development of these SV2A tracers and the evaluation of quantification methods. Next, we discuss application of SV2A PET imaging to the study of depression, including a …

Glp-1 Receptor Agonists And Risk For Cirrhosis And Related Complications In Patients With Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease, Fasiha Kanwal, Jennifer R Kramer, Liang Li, Yu-Xiao Yang, Yumei Cao, Xian Yu, Ronald Samuel, Basim Ali, Roxanne Desiderio, George Cholankeril, Mandeep Bajaj, Hashem B El-Serag, Steven M Asch

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

IMPORTANCE: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is an increasing cause of cirrhosis. Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are effective in improving liver inflammation in patients with MASLD.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether use of GLP-1 RAs is associated with lower risk of developing cirrhosis and its complications, including decompensation and hepatocellular cancer (HCC), among patients with MASLD.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This retrospective cohort study with an active comparator, new-user design used data from the national Veterans Health Administration Corporate Data Warehouse and Central Cancer Registry. Patients with MASLD and diabetes who were seen at 130 Veterans Health …

Neighborhood-Level Deprivation Mediates Racial And Ethnic Disparities In Hcc Diagnosis In Texas, Itunu O Sokale, Aaron P Thrift, Hashem B El-Serag, Abiodun O Oluyomi

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Texas has the highest HCC rates in the United States, and the greatest burden is among Hispanics. Racial and ethnic disparities in HCC incidence have multiple underpinning factors. We conducted a mediation analysis to examine the role of neighborhood disadvantage (Area Deprivation Index) as a potential mediator of the association between neighborhood race and ethnicity distribution and neighborhood HCC case counts in Texas.

METHODS: The primary outcome measure was counts of new HCC diagnoses per census tract based on Texas Department of State Health Services Texas Cancer Registry data. The primary exposure of interest was the race and ethnicity-based …

Adverse Childhood Experiences And Psychological Correlates Of Substance Use Disorders Among Black Sexual Minority Women, Shemeka Thorpe, Kaylee A Palomino, Natalie Malone, Danelle Stevens-Watkins

Kinesiology and Health Promotion Faculty Publications

This study examined the influence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on Black sexual minority women's mental health and substance use disorders in adulthood. Secondary data analysis was conducted using N = 149 Black sexual minority women's reports from the Generations Study. Study variables included psychological distress, chronic strains, stressful life events, ACEs, and substance use disorders, including alcohol use disorder and drug use disorder. Quantitative data analysis consisted of descriptives and bivariate correlations. Participants' total ACE scores were positively significantly correlated with increased alcohol misuse, chronic life strains, and stressful life events. Exposure to household interpersonal violence and household mental …

Measuring Perceived Utility Of Genomic Sequencing: Development And Validation Of The Genetic Utility (Gene-U) Scale For Adult Screening, Hadley Stevens Smith, Caryn Kseniya Rubanovich, Jill Oliver Robinson, Ariel N Levchenko, Sarah A Classen, Janet Malek, Adam H Buchanan, Barbara Biesecker, Kyle B Brothers, Benjamin S Wilfond, Christine Rini, Cinnamon S Bloss, Amy L Mcguire, Sara J Knight

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Purpose: As population-based screening programs to identify genetic conditions in adults using genomic sequencing (GS) are increasingly available, validated patient-centered outcome measures are needed to understand participants' experience. We aimed to develop and validate an instrument to assess the perceived utility of GS in the context of adult screening.

Methods: Informed by a 5-domain conceptual model, we used a 5-step approach to instrument development and validation: (1) item writing, (2) cognitive testing, (3) pilot testing and item reduction, (4) psychometric testing, and (5) evaluation of construct validity. Adults undergoing risk-based or population-based GS who had received GS results as part …

Metabolic Stress Induces A Double-Positive Feedback Loop Between Ampk And Sqstm1/P62 Conferring Dual Activation Of Ampk And Nfe2l2/Nrf2 To Synergize Antioxidant Defense, Eun-Ji Choi, Hyun-Taek Oh, Seon-Hyeong Lee, Chen-Song Zhang, Mengqi Li, Soo-Youl Kim, Sunghyouk Park, Tong-Shin Chang, Byung-Hoon Lee, Sheng-Cai Lin, Sang-Min Jeon

Staff and Researcher Publications

Co-occurring mutations in KEAP1 in STK11/LKB1-mutant NSCLC activate NFE2L2/NRF2 to compensate for the loss of STK11-AMPK activity during metabolic adaptation. Characterizing the regulatory crosstalk between the STK11-AMPK and KEAP1-NFE2L2 pathways during metabolic stress is crucial for understanding the implications of co-occurring mutations. Here, we found that metabolic stress increased the expression and phosphorylation of SQSTM1/p62, which is essential for the activation of NFE2L2 and AMPK, synergizing antioxidant defense and tumor growth. The SQSTM1-driven dual activation of NFE2L2 and AMPK was achieved by inducing macroautophagic/autophagic degradation of KEAP1 and facilitating the AXIN-STK11-AMPK complex formation on the lysosomal membrane, respectively. In contrast, …

National Liver Cancer Screening Trial (Tracer) Study Protocol, Amit G Singal, Neehar D Parikh, Fasiha Kanwal, Jorge A Marrero, Sneha Deodhar, Stephanie Page-Lester, Camden Lopez, Ziding Feng, Nabihah Tayob

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Professional guidelines recommend HCC screening in at-risk patients using semi-annual ultrasound with or without alpha-fetoprotein (AFP); however, this strategy has limited effectiveness due to low adherence and sensitivity. Increasing data support the potential role of blood-based biomarker panels, which could improve both aspects. The biomarker panel GALAD, comprised of sex, age, and 3 blood biomarkers (AFP, AFP-L3, and des-carboxy prothrombin des-carboxy prothrombin), has shown high sensitivity and specificity in biomarker phase II (case-control) and phase III (retrospective cohort) validation studies. However, prospective validation in a large phase IV biomarker clinical utility trial is necessary before its adoption in practice. …

Trends And Disparities In Coronary Artery Disease And Obesity-Related Mortality In The United States From 1999-2022, Mushood Ahmed, Hira Javaid, Aimen Shafiq, Zain Ali Nadeem, Areeba Ahsan, Abdullah Nofal, Raheel Ahmed, Mahboob Alam, Marat Fudim, Gregg C Fonarow, Mamas A Mamas

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Almost half of the US adult population has obesity, which predisposes to atherosclerosis and can lead to poor prognosis in coronary artery disease (CAD). We aim to identify CAD and obesity-related mortality trends among adults in the United States stratified by age, sex, race and geographical location.

METHODS: The CDC-WONDER database was used to extract death certificate data for adults aged ≥ 25 years. Crude mortality rates (CMR) and age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 100,000 persons were calculated, and temporal trends were described by calculating annual percent change (APC) and the average APC (AAPC) in the rates using Joinpoint …

Exploring Latent Clusters In Pediatric Ocd Based On Symptoms, Severity, Age, Gender, And Comorbidity, Orri Smárason, Robert R Selles, Davíð R M A Højgaard, John R Best, Karin Melin, Tord Ivarsson, Per Hove Thomsen, Bernhard Weidle, Nicole Michelle Mcbride, Eric A Storch, Daniel Geller, Sabine Wilhelm, Lara J Farrell, Allison M Waters, Sharna Mathieu, Noam Soreni, S Evelyn Stewart, Gudmundur Skarphedinsson

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Given diverse symptom expression and high rates of comorbid conditions, the present study explored underlying commonalities among OCD-affected children and adolescents to better conceptualize disorder presentation and associated features. Data from 830 OCD-affected participants presenting to OCD specialty centers was aggregated. Dependent mixture modeling was used to examine latent clusters based on their age- and gender adjusted symptom severity (as measured by the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale; CY-BOCS), symptom type (as measured by factor scores calculated from the CY-BOCS symptom checklist), and comorbid diagnoses (as assessed via diagnostic interviews). Fit statistics favored a four-cluster model with groups distinguished primarily by …

A Site-Wise Reliability Analysis Of The Abcd Diffusion Fractional Anisotropy And Cortical Thickness: Impact Of Scanner Platforms, Yezhi Pan, L Elliot Hong, Ashley Acheson, Paul M Thompson, Neda Jahanshad, Alyssa H Zhu, Jiaao Yu, Chixiang Chen, Tianzhou Ma, Ho-Ling Liu, Jelle Veraart, Els Fieremans, Nicole R Karcher, Peter Kochunov, Shuo Chen

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) project is the largest study of adolescent brain development. ABCD longitudinally tracks 11,868 participants aged 9-10 years from 21 sites using standardized protocols for multi-site MRI data collection and analysis. While the multi-site and multi-scanner study design enhances the robustness and generalizability of analysis results, it may also introduce nonbiological variances including scanner-related variations, subject motion, and deviations from protocols. ABCD imaging data were collected biennially within a period of ongoing maturation in cortical thickness and integrity of cerebral white matter. These changes can bias the classical test-retest methodologies, such as intraclass correlation …

A Most Difficult Conversation, Paul Freeman Od

Optometric Clinical Practice

Editorial

Takotsubo Syndrome: An International Expert Consensus Report On Practical Challenges And Specific Conditions (Part-1: Diagnostic And Therapeutic Challenges), Kenan Yalta, John E Madias, Nicholas G Kounis, Shams Y-Hassan, Marija Polovina, Servet Altay, Alexandre Mebazaa, Mehmet Birhan Yilmaz, Yuri Lopatin, Mamas A Mamas, Robert J Gil, Ritu Thamman, Abdallah Almaghraby, Biykem Bozkurt, Gani Bajraktari, Thomas Fink, Vassil Traykov, Stephane Manzo-Silberman, Ulvi Mirzoyev, Sekib Sokolovic, Zviad V Kipiani, Cecilia Linde, Petar M Seferovic

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

In the recent years, there has been a burgeoning interest in Takotsubo syndrome (TTS), which is renowned as a specific form of reversible myocardial dysfunction. Despite the extensive literature available on TTS, clinicians still face several practical challenges associated with the diagnosis and management of this phenomenon. This potentially results in the underdiagnosis and improper management of TTS in clinical practice. The present paper, the first part (part-1) of the consensus report, aims to cover diagnostic and therapeutic challenges associated with TTS along with certain recommendations to combat these challenges.

Takotsubo Syndrome: An International Expert Consensus Report On Practical Challenges And Specific Conditions (Part-2: Specific Entities, Risk Stratification And Challenges After Recovery), Kenan Yalta, John E Madias, Nicholas G Kounis, Shams Y-Hassan, Marija Polovina, Servet Altay, Alexandre Mebazaa, Mehmet Birhan Yilmaz, Yuri Lopatin, Mamas A Mamas, Robert J Gil, Ritu Thamman, Abdallah Almaghraby, Biykem Bozkurt, Gani Bajraktari, Thomas Fink, Vassil Traykov, Stephane Manzo-Silberman, Ulvi Mirzoyev, Sekib Sokolovic, Zviad V Kipiani, Cecilia Linde, Petar M Seferovic

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) still remains as an enigmatic phenomenon. In particular, long-term challenges (including clinical recurrence and persistent symptoms) and specific entities in the setting of TTS have been the evolving areas of interest. On the other hand, a significant gap still exists regarding the proper risk-stratification of this phenomenon in the short and long terms. The present paper, the second part (part-2) of the consensus report, aims to discuss less well-known aspects of TTS including specific entities, challenges after recovery and risk-stratification.

Assessing The Relative Efficacy Of Components Of Opioid-Free Anaesthesia In Adult Surgical Patients: Protocol For A Systematic Review And Component Network Meta-Analysis, Amparo Belltall, Guido Mazzinari, Aisling Ní Eochagáin, Tom Wall, Ary Serpa Neto, Oscar Diaz-Cambronero, Daniel Sessler, Donal J Buggy, Juan Cata, Markus W Hollmann

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Introduction: The rise of opioid-free anaesthesia (OFA) aims to reduce postoperative pain while reducing opioid-related side effects during surgery. However, the various adjuvant agents used in OFA complicate the evaluation of their effectiveness and risks. Recent reviews question the clinical benefits of OFA, highlighting the need for thorough evaluation. This protocol describes a network meta-analysis to compare the effectiveness of OFA with opioid-based anaesthesia and will identify key components for optimal postoperative outcomes.

Methods and analysis: We will perform a systematic search of literature published in English without time restriction in Embase, The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE (via PubMed) and CINAHL, …

Short-Term Outcomes Of A Healthy Relationship Intervention For The Prevention Of Sexual Harassment And Sexual Assault In The Us Military: Pilot Pretest-Postest Study, Belinda Hernandez, Ross Shegog, Christine Markham, Susan Emery, Elizabeth Baumler, Laura Thormaehlen, Rejane Andina Teixeira, Yanneth Rivera, Olive Pertuit, Chelsey Kanipe, Iraina Witherspoon, Janis Doss, Victor Jones, Melissa Peskin

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Sexual harassment (SH) and sexual assault (SA) are serious public health problems among US service members. Few SH and SA prevention interventions have been developed exclusively for the military. Code of Respect (X-CoRe) is an innovative web-based, multilevel, SA and SH intervention designed exclusively for the active-duty Air Force. The program's goal is to increase Airmen's knowledge and skills to build and maintain respectful relationships, ultimately reducing SH and SA and enhancing Airmen's overall well-being and mission readiness.

OBJECTIVE: This pilot study aimed to assess the short-term psychosocial impact (eg, knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy) of the web-based component of …

Implementation Science And Pediatric Diabetes: A Scoping Review Of The State Of The Literature And Recommendations For Future Research, Julia Price, Jaclynn Hawkins, Daniel J. Amante, Richard James, Debra Haire-Joshu

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This scoping review aimed to identify implementation science (IS) research in pediatric diabetes, report integration of IS theory and terminology, and offer guidance for future research.

RECENT FINDINGS: Of 23 papers identified, 19 were published since 2017 and 21 focused on type 1 diabetes. Most involved medical evidence-based practices (EBPs; n = 15), whereas fewer focused on psychosocial (n = 7) and diabetes education (n = 2). The majority either identified barriers and facilitators of implementing an EBP (n = 11) or were implementation trials (n = 11). Fewer studies documented gaps in EBP implementation in standard …

Ten Challenges And Opportunities In Computational Immuno-Oncology, Riyue Bao, Alan Hutson, Anant Madabhushi, Vanessa D Jonsson, Spencer R Rosario, Jill S Barnholtz-Sloan, Elana J Fertig, Himangi Marathe, Lyndsay Harris, Jennifer Altreuter, Qingrong Chen, James Dignam, Andrew J Gentles, Edgar Gonzalez-Kozlova, Sacha Gnjatic, Erika Kim, Mark Long, Martin Morgan, Eytan Ruppin, David Van Valen, Hong Zhang, Natalie Vokes, Daoud Meerzaman, Song Liu, Eliezer M Van Allen, Yi Xing

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Immuno-oncology has transformed the treatment of cancer, with several immunotherapies becoming the standard treatment across histologies. Despite these advancements, the majority of patients do not experience durable clinical benefits, highlighting the imperative for ongoing advancement in immuno-oncology. Computational immuno-oncology emerges as a forefront discipline that draws on biomedical data science and intersects with oncology, immunology, and clinical research, with the overarching goal to accelerate the development of effective and safe immuno-oncology treatments from the laboratory to the clinic. In this review, we outline 10 critical challenges and opportunities in computational immuno-oncology, emphasizing the importance of robust computational strategies and interdisciplinary …

Iron Deficiency And Internalizing Symptoms Among Adolescents In The National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey, Dimitri Fiani, Solangia Engler, Yang Ni, Sherecce Fields, Chadi Calarge

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Iron Deficiency (ID) affects two billion people worldwide, predominantly adolescent girls, and may be associated with increased psychopathology. The associations between ID and symptoms of depression and anxiety in adolescents were examined using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a cross-sectional survey of a nationally representative sample of non-institutionalized Americans.

Methods: The current analysis included survey cycles where both iron-related markers and mental health-related outcomes were collected in adolescents 12 to 17 years old. Acute and serious medical conditions, acute inflammation, and abnormal birth weight led to exclusion. Linear multivariable regression analyses examined the association …

A Qualitative Analysis Of A Primary Care Medical-Legal Partnership: Impact, Barriers, And Facilitators, Winston Liaw, Christine Bakos-Block, Thomas F Northrup, Angela L Stotts, Abigail Hernandez, Lisandra Finzetto, Pelumi Oloyede, Bruno Moscoso Rodriguez, Skye Johnson, Lauren Gilbert, Jessica Dobbins, Lechauncy Woodard, Thomas Murphy

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Certain health-related risk factors require legal interventions. Medical-legal partnerships (MLPs) are collaborations between clinics and lawyers that address these health-harming legal needs (HHLNs) and have been shown to improve health and reduce utilization.

Objective: The objective of this study is to explore the impact, barriers, and facilitators of MLP implementation in primary care clinics.

Methods: A qualitative design using a semistructured interview assessed the perceived impact, barriers, and facilitators of an MLP, among clinicians, clinic and MLP staff, and clinic patients. Open AI software (otter.ai) was used to transcribe interviews, and NVivo was used to code the data. Braun …

Professional Development: A Mixed Methods Study Of Masters Of Public Health Alumni, Orna Baron-Epel, Yana Douvdevany, Dana Ivancovsky-Wajcman, Paul Barach, Osnat Bashkin, Katarzyna Czabanowska, Keren Dopelt, Nadav Davidovitch, Szczepan Jakubowski, Fiona Macleod, Maureen Malowany, Leah Okenwa-Emegwa, Maya Peled-Raz, Shira Zelber-Sagi

College of Population Health Faculty Papers

INTRODUCTION: We examined the perceptions of the Master of Public Health (MPH) degree graduates regarding their personal competencies, job performance and professional development using a mixed method, explanatory sequential design.

METHODS: A cross-sectional, self-administered questionnaire of the Haifa School of Public Health alumni who graduated between 2005 and 2022 was disseminated to 849 graduates between March and June 2022, from which 127 responded (response rate: 14.90%). This was followed by 24 in-depth interviews with alumni from the same sample (conducted between November 2022 and March 2023).

RESULTS: The sample included 74.8% of females with a mean age of 40.7 years, …

Demographic Characteristics, Perinatal Smoking Patterns, And Risk For Neonatal Health Complications Among Pregnant Smokers In The United States Who Begin Using Electronic Cigarettes During Pregnancy: A Descriptive Study Using Population-Based Surveillance Data., Hui Nian, Rachel Odland, Samantha Mindlin, Lin Ammar, Hilary Tindle, Angela M Miller, Kelli K Ryckman, Ethan Xie, Tina V Hartert, Brittney M Snyder, Steven M Brunwasser, Pingsheng Wu

Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research

INTRODUCTION: Health agencies have called for research evaluating e-cigarette (EC) use in supporting prenatal smoking cessation. This study aimed to describe (1) the characteristics of smokers who begin using electronic cigarettes (ECs) during pregnancy, (2) how frequently smokers reduce or eliminate pre- and post-natal combustible cigarette (CC) use, and (3) the risk for neonatal health complications among smokers who initiate ECs during pregnancy.

AIMS AND METHODS: Pregnant women using CCs exclusively during prepregnancy, who participated in a U.S. surveillance study, were classified by their reported late-pregnancy smoking behavior as CC-exclusive users, EC initiators, or quitters. EC initiators were further subclassified …

Gene-Specific Effects On Brain Volume And Cognition Of Tmem106b In Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration, Marijne Vandebergh, Nupur Ghoshal, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

METHODS: Participants were enrolled through the ARTFL/LEFFTDS Longitudinal Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration (ALLFTD) study, which includes symptomatic and presymptomatic individuals with a pathogenic variant in

RESULTS: The minor allele of

DISCUSSION: We identified associations of

Factors Associated With Dementia-Related Stigma In British Adolescents, Esra Hassan, Ben Hicks, Naji Tabet, Nicolas Farina

Peninsula Medical School

Background: Dementia-related stigma is a prominent barrier for people living with dementia, leading to poor well-being and social isolation. Adolescents are an under-researched group in society that may already have experience of dementia and are more susceptible to attitudinal change which makes them ideal targets for anti-stigma initiatives outlined by public health policy. For the development of evidence-based anti-stigma initiatives in adolescents, it is important to understand which socio-demographic groups are most likely to develop stigmatising attitudes and why. This study aims to identify factors of dementia-related stigma in adolescents. Methods: A total of 1,044 adolescents (aged 11–18 years) from …

Effectiveness Of Ex Ante Honesty Oaths In Reducing Dishonesty Depends On Content, Janis H Zickfeld, Karolina A Ścigała, Christian T Elbæk, John Michael, Mathilde H Tønnesen, Gabriel Levy, Shahar Ayal, Isabel Thielmann, Laila Nockur, Eyal Peer, Valerio Capraro, Rachel Barkan, Simen Bø, Štěpán Bahník, Daniele Nosenzo, Ralph Hertwig, Nina Mazar, Alexa Weiss, Ann-Kathrin Koessler, Ronit Montal-Rosenberg, Sebastian Hafenbrädl, Yngwie Asbjørn Nielsen, Patricia Kanngiesser, Simon Schindler, Philipp Gerlach, Nils Köbis, Nicolas Jacquemet, Marek Vranka, Dan Ariely, Jareef Bin Martuza

School of Psychology

Dishonest behaviours such as tax evasion impose significant societal costs. Ex ante honesty oaths-commitments to honesty before action-have been proposed as interventions to counteract dishonest behaviour, but the heterogeneity in findings across operationalizations calls their effectiveness into question. We tested 21 honesty oaths (including a baseline oath)-proposed, evaluated and selected by 44 expert researchers-and a no-oath condition in a megastudy involving 21,506 UK and US participants from Prolific.com who played an incentivized tax evasion game online. Of the 21 interventions, 10 significantly improved tax compliance by 4.5 to 8.5 percentage points, with the most successful nearly halving tax evasion. Limited …

Policy-Relevant Differences Between Secondhand And Thirdhand Smoke: Strengthening Protections From Involuntary Exposure To Tobacco Smoke Pollutants, Georg E Matt, Lydia Greiner, Rachael A Record, Heather Wipfli, Jamie Long, Nathan G Dodder, Eunha Hoh, Nicolas Lopez Galvez, Thomas E Novotny, Penelope J E Quintana, Hugo Destaillats, Xiaochen Tang, Antoine M Snijders, Jian-Hua Mao, Bo Hang, Suzaynn Schick, Peyton Jacob, Prue Talbot, E Melinda Mahabee-Gittens, Ashley L Merianos, Thomas F Northrup, Lara Gundel, Neal L Benowitz

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Starting in the 1970s, individuals, businesses and the public have increasingly benefited from policies prohibiting smoking indoors, saving thousands of lives and billions of dollars in healthcare expenditures. Smokefree policies to protect against secondhand smoke exposure, however, do not fully protect the public from the persistent and toxic chemical residues from tobacco smoke (also known as thirdhand smoke) that linger in indoor environments for years after smoking stops. Nor do these policies address the economic costs that individuals, businesses and the public bear in their attempts to remediate this toxic residue. We discuss policy-relevant differences between secondhand smoke and thirdhand …

Health Risks Associated With Adopting New-Generation Disposable Products Among Young Adults Who Use E-Cigarettes, Shuyao Ran, James J Yang, Megan E Piper, Hsien-Chang Lin, Anne Buu

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

New-generation disposable e-cigarettes have become increasingly popular among young adults in the USA since the FDA's partial flavor ban. This study aims to examine longitudinal changes in health risks among young adults who adopted these novel products, as well as the health effects of device types beyond the effects of other important e-cigarette characteristics. This study recruited e-cigarette users via voluntary response sampling from three college campuses in the USA to respond to four-wave online surveys conducted in four consecutive semesters. Among the participants who adopted disposables during the study, their health risks (dependence symptoms, respiratory symptoms, combustible tobacco use) …

Developing The ‘Life Threads’ Approach To Support Families After Traumatic Brain Injury In Uk Community Settings: Protocol For A Qualitative Pre-Feasibility Study., Charlotte Whiffin, Caroline Ellis-Hill, Alyson Norman, Morag Lee, Pam Singh, Jo Clark-Wilson, Audrey Daisley, Natasha Yasmin, Mark Holloway, Sara Rose, Fergus Gracey

School of Psychology

INTRODUCTION: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) brings about inevitable and significant changes for family members. Mental health effects for family members are well documented but there are significant gaps in support options across services. Here, we describe our protocol for a study that seeks to investigate the potential for a narrative, creative approach, the 'Life Threads' approach, as a low intensity, accessible means of support that can be applied across service contexts.

METHODS: We will recruit 20 family members of someone who sustained a TBI from services in an area of the UK with a diverse demographic. Family members will be …

Bridging Big Data In The Enigma Consortium To Combine Non-Equivalent Cognitive Measures, Eamonn Kennedy, Shashank Vadlamani, Hannah M Lindsey, Pui-Wa Lei, Mary Jo-Pugh, Paul M Thompson, David F Tate, Frank G Hillary, Emily L Dennis, Elisabeth A Wilde, Enigma Clinical Endpoints Working Group Collaborators

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Investigators in neuroscience have turned to Big Data to address replication and reliability issues by increasing sample size. These efforts unveil new questions about how to integrate data across distinct sources and instruments. The goal of this study was to link scores across common auditory verbal learning tasks (AVLTs). This international secondary analysis aggregated multisite raw data for AVLTs across 53 studies totaling 10,505 individuals. Using the ComBat-GAM algorithm, we isolated and removed the component of memory scores associated with site effects while preserving instrumental effects. After adjustment, a continuous item response theory model used multiple memory items of varying …

Comparing Self-Report Medication Data From A Longitudinal Study On Intellectual Disability And National Dispensing Records, Rohit Shankar

Peninsula Medical School

BackgroundMedication data are a valuable resource in epidemiological studies. As the most common data collection method of medication data is self-report, it is important to understand the accuracy of this in comparison with other methods such as dispensing records. The aim of this study was to compare the agreement between two different sources of medication data of older adults with intellectual disability (ID).MethodsSelf-report medication data were gathered from the Intellectual Disability Supplement to the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing and linked to national pharmacy dispensing records. The kappa statistic was used to measure agreement between the two data sources for …