Digital Commons Network^™

Seeing The Forest And The Trees: Default Local Processing In Individuals With High Autistic Traits Does Not Come At The Expense Of Global Attention., Ryan A Stevenson, Sol Z Sun, Naomi Hazlett, Jonathan S Cant, Morgan D Barense, Susanne Ferber

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Atypical sensory perception is one of the most ubiquitous symptoms of autism, including a tendency towards a local-processing bias. We investigated whether local-processing biases were associated with global-processing impairments on a global/local attentional-scope paradigm in conjunction with a composite-face task. Behavioural results were related to individuals' levels of autistic traits, specifically the Attention to Detail subscale of the Autism Quotient, and the Sensory Profile Questionnaire. Individuals showing high rates of Attention to Detail were more susceptible to global attentional-scope manipulations, suggesting that local-processing biases associated with Attention to Detail do not come at the cost of a global-processing deficit, but …

Hospital-Based Physicians' Intubation Decisions And Associated Mental Models When Managing A Critically And Terminally Ill Older Patient., Shannon Haliko, Julie Downs, Deepika Mohan, Robert Arnold, Amber E Barnato

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

BACKGROUND: Variation in the intensity of acute care treatment at the end of life is influenced more strongly by hospital and provider characteristics than patient preferences.

OBJECTIVE: We sought to describe physicians' mental models (i.e., thought processes) when encountering a simulated critically and terminally ill older patient, and to compare those models based on whether their treatment plan was patient preference-concordant or preference-discordant.

METHODS: Seventy-three hospital-based physicians from 3 academic medical centers engaged in a simulated patient encounter and completed a mental model interview while watching the video recording of their encounter. We used an "expert" model to code the …

A Test Of Multisession Automatic Action Tendency Retraining To Reduce Alcohol Consumption Among Young Adults In The Context Of A Human Laboratory Paradigm., Robert F Leeman, Christine Nogueira, Reinout W Wiers, Janna Cousijn, Kelly Serafini, Kelly S Demartini, John A Bargh, Stephanie S O'Malley

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

BACKGROUND: Young adult heavy drinking is an important public health concern. Current interventions have efficacy but with only modest effects, and thus, novel interventions are needed. In prior studies, heavy drinkers, including young adults, have demonstrated stronger automatically triggered approach tendencies to alcohol-related stimuli than lighter drinkers. Automatic action tendency retraining has been developed to correct this tendency and consequently reduce alcohol consumption. This study is the first to test multiple iterations of automatic action tendency retraining, followed by laboratory alcohol self-administration.

METHODS: A total of 72 nontreatment-seeking, heavy drinking young adults ages 21 to 25 were randomized to automatic …

Identifying Health Conditions, Priorities, And Relevant Multilevel Health Promotion Intervention Strategies In African American Churches: A Faith Community Health Needs Assessment., Jannette Berkley-Patton, Carole Bowe Thompson, Andrea Bradley-Ewing, Marcie Berman, Alexandria Bauer, Delwyn Catley, Kathy Goggin, Eric Williams, Cassandra Wainright, Therese Petty, Natasha Aduloju-Ajijola

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

No abstract provided.

Prenatal Exposure To Methadone Or Buprenorphine: Early Childhood Developmental Outcomes., Karol Kaltenbach, Kevin E O'Grady, Sarah H. Heil, Amy L. Salisbury, Mara G. Coyle, Gabriele Fischer, Peter R. Martin, Susan Stine, Hendrée E. Jones

Department of Pediatrics Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Methadone and buprenorphine are recommended to treat opioid use disorders during pregnancy. However, the literature on the relationship between longer-term effects of prenatal exposure to these medications and childhood development is both spare and inconsistent.

METHODS: Participants were 96 children and their mothers who participated in MOTHER, a randomized controlled trial of opioid-agonist pharmacotherapy during pregnancy. The present study examined child growth parameters, cognition, language abilities, sensory processing, and temperament from 0 to 36 months of the child's life. Maternal perceptions of parenting stress, home environment, and addiction severity were also examined.

RESULTS: Tests of mean differences between children …

Differences In Work Environment For Staff As An Explanation For Variation In Central Line Bundle Compliance In Intensive Care Units., Yuna S.H. Lee, Patricia W. Stone, Monika Pogorzelska-Maziarz, Ingrid M. Nembhard

College of Nursing Faculty Papers & Presentations

BACKGROUND: Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) are a common and costly quality problem, and their prevention is a national priority. A decade ago, researchers identified an evidence-based bundle of practices that reduce CLABSIs. Compliance with this bundle remains low in many hospitals.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to assess whether differences in core aspects of work environments-workload, quality of relationships, and prioritization of quality-are associated with variation in maximal CLABSI bundle compliance, that is, compliance 95%-100% of the time in intensive care units (ICUs).

METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: A cross-sectional study of hospital medical-surgical ICUs in the United States was done. …

Sickle Cell Disease: Classification Of Clinical Complications And Approaches To Preventive And Therapeutic Management., Samir K. Ballas

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited disorder of hemoglobin structure that has no established cure in adult patients. Cure has been achieved in selected children with sickle cell anemia (SCA) using allogeneic bone marrow transplantation or cord blood transplantation. SCD is essentially a triumvirate of (1) pain syndromes, (2) anemia and its sequelae and (3) organ failure, including infection. Pain, however, is the hallmark of SCD and dominates its clinical picture throughout the life of the patients. The prevalence of these complications varies with age from infancy through adult life. However, pain, infections and anemia requiring blood transfusion occur …

Transcriptional Regulatory Networks Underlying Gene Expression Changes In Huntington's Disease., Seth A Ament, Jocelynn R Pearl, Jeffrey P Cantle, Robert M Bragg, Peter J Skene, Sydney R Coffey, Dani E Bergey, Vanessa C Wheeler, Marcy E Macdonald, Nitin S Baliga, Jim Rosinski, Leroy E Hood, Jeffrey B Carroll, Nathan D Price

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Transcriptional changes occur presymptomatically and throughout Huntington's disease (HD), motivating the study of transcriptional regulatory networks (TRNs) in HD We reconstructed a genome-scale model for the target genes of 718 transcription factors (TFs) in the mouse striatum by integrating a model of genomic binding sites with transcriptome profiling of striatal tissue from HD mouse models. We identified 48 differentially expressed TF-target gene modules associated with age- and CAG repeat length-dependent gene expression changes in

Mechanical Demands On The Lower Back In Patients With Non-Chronic Low Back Pain During A Symmetric Lowering And Lifting Task, Iman Shojaei, Elizabeth G. Salt, Quenten L. Hooker, Babak Bazrgari

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications

There is limited information in the literature related to the lower back loading in patients with LBP, particularly those with non-chronic LBP. Toward addressing such a research gap, a case-control study was conducted to explore the differences in lower back mechanical loads between a group of females (n=19) with non-chronic, non-specific LBP and a group of asymptomatic females (n=19). The differences in lower back mechanical loads were determined when participants completed one symmetric lowering and lifting of a 4.5 kg load at their preferred cadence. The axial, shearing, and moment components of task demand at the time of peak moment …

A Systematic Review Of Consumer Preference For E-Cigarette Attributes: Flavor, Nicotine Strength, And Type, Samane Zare, Mehdi Nemati, Yuqing Zheng

Agricultural Economics Faculty Publications

Objective

Systematic review of research examining consumer preference for the main electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) attributes namely flavor, nicotine strength, and type.

Method

A systematic search of peer-reviewed articles resulted in a pool of 12,933 articles. We included only articles that meet all the selection criteria: (1) peer-reviewed, (2) written in English, and (3) addressed consumer preference for one or more of the e-cigarette attributes including flavor, strength, and type.

Results

66 articles met the inclusion criteria for this review. Consumers preferred flavored e-cigarettes, and such preference varied with age groups and smoking status. We also found that several flavors were …

Factors Associated With End-Of-Life Planning In Huntington Disease., Nancy R Downing, Siera Goodnight, Sena Chae, Joel S Perlmutter, Michael Mccormack, Elizabeth Hahn, Stacey K Barton, Noelle Carlozzi

Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research

OBJECTIVE: Knowledge of one's gene status for adult onset conditions provides opportunity to make advance end-of-life (EOL) plans. The purposes of these analyses were to (1) determine the prevalence of EOL plans, including advance directives (ADs) among persons across 3 stages of Huntington disease (HD) and (2) examine factors associated with having ADs in this sample.

METHODS: Data are from 503 participants in the HD Quality of Life study. Participants completed an online health-related quality-of-life survey that included questions regarding EOL planning and self-reported HD symptoms. Frequencies were calculated for EOL planning by the HD stage. Bivariate analysis and logistic …

Evaluating Cognition In Individuals With Huntington Disease: Neuroqol Cognitive Functioning Measures, Jin-Shei Lai, Siera Goodnight, Nancy R Downing, Rebecca E Ready, Jane S Paulsen, Anna L Kratz, Julie C Stout, Michael K Mccormack, David Cella, Christopher Ross, Jenna Russell, Noelle E Carlozzi

Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research

PURPOSE: Cognitive functioning impacts health-related quality of life (HRQOL) for individuals with Huntington disease (HD). The Neuro-QoL includes two patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures of cognition-Executive Function (EF) and General Concerns (GC). These measures have not previously been validated for use in HD. The purpose of this analysis is to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Neuro-QoL Cognitive Function measures for use in HD.

METHODS: Five hundred ten individuals with prodromal or manifest HD completed the Neuro-QoL Cognition measures, two other PRO measures of HRQOL (WHODAS 2.0 and EQ5D), and a depression measure (PROMIS Depression). Measures of functioning The Total …

Nutrient Intake In The First Two Weeks Of Life And Brain Growth In Preterm Neonates., Juliane Schneider, Céline J Fischer Fumeaux, Emma G Duerden, Ting Guo, Justin Foong, Myriam Bickle Graz, Patric Hagmann, M Mallar Chakravarty, Petra S Hüppi, Lydie Beauport, Anita C Truttmann, Steven P Miller

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

BACKGROUND: Optimizing early nutritional intake in preterm neonates may promote brain health and neurodevelopment through enhanced brain maturation. Our objectives were (1) to determine the association of energy and macronutrient intake in the first 2 weeks of life with regional and total brain growth and white matter (WM) maturation, assessed by 3 serial MRI scans in preterm neonates; (2) to examine how critical illness modifies this association; and (3) to investigate the relationship with neurodevelopmental outcomes.

METHODS: Forty-nine preterm neonates (21 boys, median [interquartile range] gestational age: 27.6 [2.3] weeks) were scanned serially at the following median postmenstrual weeks: 29.4, …

The Long-Term Effect Of Erythropoiesis Stimulating Agents Given To Preterm Infants: A Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study On Neurometabolites In Early Childhood, Charles Gasparovic, Arvind Caprihan, Ronald A Yeo, John Phillips, Jean R Lowe, Richard Campbell, Robin K Ohls

Pediatrics Research and Scholarship

BACKGROUND: Erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESAs) are neuroprotective in cell and animal models of preterm birth. Prematurity has been shown to alter neurometabolite levels in children in studies using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS).

OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that ESA treatment in premature infants would tend to normalize neurometabolites by 4-6 years of age.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Children in a longitudinal study of neurodevelopment underwent MRI and 1H-MRS at approximately 4 years and 6 years of age. Prematurely born children (500-1,250 g birth weight) received ESAs (erythropoietin or darbepoetin) or placebo during their neonatal hospitalization, and these groups were compared to healthy …

Politics, James Garbarino

Psychology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

An entry on Politics for The SAGE Encyclopedia of Lifespan Human Development authored by James Garbarino.

A Longitudinal Analysis Of The Impact Of Child Custody Loss On Drug Use And Crime Among A Sample Of African American Mothers, Kathi L. H. Harp, Carrie B. Oser

Health Management and Policy Faculty Publications

This study examines the influence of child custody loss on drug use and crime among a sample of African American mothers. Two types of custody loss are examined: informal custody loss (child living apart from mother but courts not involved), and official loss (child removed from mother’s care by authorities).

Methods—Using data from 339 African American women, longitudinal random coefficient models analyzed the effects of each type of custody loss on subsequent drug use and crime.

Results—Results indicated that both informal and official custody loss predicted increased drug use, and informal loss predicted increased criminal involvement. Findings demonstrate …

Erasmus Mundus Master Of Bioethics: A Case For An Effective Model For International Bioethics Education., Jan Piasecki, Kevin Dirksen, Hamilton Inbadas

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Designing bioethics curriculum for international postgraduate students is a challenging task. There are at least two main questions, which have to be resolved in advance: (1) what is a purpose of a particular teaching program and (2) how to respectfully arrange a classroom for students coming from different cultural and professional backgrounds. In our paper we analyze the case of the Erasmus Mundus Master of Bioethics program and provide recommendations for international bioethics education. In our opinion teaching bioethics to postgraduate international students goes beyond curriculum. It means that such a program requires not only well-defined goals, including equipping students …

Immediate Versus Delayed Insertion Of The Levonorgestrel Intrauterine Device In Postpartum Adolescents: A Randomized Pilot Study., Reni Soon, Katie Mcguire, Jennifer Salcedo, Bliss Kaneshiro

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

This pilot study assessed the feasibility of conducting a larger randomized controlled trial comparing the proportion of adolescents using a levonorgestrel intrauterine device (LNG IUD) at six months postpartum when it is inserted immediately after vaginal delivery (within 10 minutes after placental expulsion) compared to insertion four to six weeks postpartum. Pregnant adolescents (14 to 19 years) who desired a LNG IUD for postpartum contraception were randomized to insertion of the LNG IUD either within 10 minutes of delivery of the placenta or at 4-6 weeks postpartum. Study follow-up visits were conducted at 4-6 weeks postpartum, 10 weeks postpartum, and …

Out Of The Straitjacket., Michael Weinstein

Department of Surgery Faculty Papers

No abstract provided.

Largest Gwas Of Ptsd (N=20 070) Yields Genetic Overlap With Schizophrenia And Sex Differences In Heritability., L E Duncan, A Ratanatharathorn, A E Aiello, L M Almli, A B Amstadter, A E Ashley-Koch, D G Baker, J C Beckham, L J Bierut, J Bisson, B Bradley, C-Y Chen, S Dalvie, L A Farrer, S Galea, M E Garrett, J E Gelernter, G Guffanti, M A Hauser, E O Johnson, R C Kessler, N A Kimbrel, A King, N Koen, H R Kranzler, M W Logue, A X Maihofer, A R Martin, M W Miller, R A Morey, N R Nugent, J P Rice, S Ripke, A L Roberts, N L Saccone, J W Smoller, D J Stein, M B Stein, J A Sumner, M Uddin, R J Ursano, D E Wildman, R Yehuda, H Zhao, M J Daly, I Liberzon, K J Ressler, C M Nievergelt, K C Koenen

Open Access Publications

The Psychiatric Genomics Consortium-Posttraumatic Stress Disorder group (PGC-PTSD) combined genome-wide case-control molecular genetic data across 11 multiethnic studies to quantify PTSD heritability, to examine potential shared genetic risk with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder and to identify risk loci for PTSD. Examining 20 730 individuals, we report a molecular genetics-based heritability estimate (h

Decision Aid Use During Post-Biopsy Consultations For Localized Prostate Cancer., Margaret Holmes-Rovner, Akshay Srikanth, Stephen G. Henry, Aisha Langford, David R. Rovner, Angela Fagerlin

Emergency Medicine Articles

BACKGROUND: Decision Aids (DAs) effectively translate medical evidence for patients but are not routinely used in clinical practice. Little is known about how DAs are used during patient-clinician encounters.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the content and communicative function of high-quality DAs during diagnostic clinic visits for prostate cancer.

PARTICIPANTS: 252 men newly diagnosed with localized prostate cancer who had received a DA, 45 treating physicians at 4 US Veterans Administration urology clinics.

METHODS: Qualitative analysis of transcribed audio recordings was used to inductively develop categories capturing content and function of all direct references to DAs (booklet talk). The presence or absence …

Word-List Intrusion Errors Predict Progression To Mild Cognitive Impairment, Kelsey R Thomas, Joel Eppig, Emily C Edmonds, Diane M Jacobs, David J Libon, Rhoda Au, David P Salmon, Mark W Bondi, Alzheimer’S Disease Neuroimaging Initiative

Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research

OBJECTIVE: Preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD) defined by a positive AD biomarker in the presence of normal cognition is presumed to precede mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Subtle cognitive deficits and cognitive inefficiencies in preclinical AD may be detected through process and error scores on neuropsychological tests in those at risk for progression to MCI.

METHOD: Cognitively normal participants (n = 525) from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative were followed for up to 5 years and classified as either stable normal (n = 305) or progressed to MCI (n = 220). Cox regressions were used to determine whether baseline process scores on …

Interaction Between Pre-Treatment Drug Use And Heterogeneity Of Psychiatric Diagnosis Predicts Outcomes In Outpatients With Co-Occurring Disorders., Oladunni Oluwoye, Katherine Hirchak, Emily Leickly, Jordan Skalisky, Sterling M Mcpherson, Debra Srebnik, John M Roll, Richard K Ries, Michael G Mcdonell

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

We examined whether the interaction of baseline stimulant use, assessed by urine drug tests, and type of serious mental illness (SMI) diagnosis predicted stimulant use in a trial of contingency management (CM). The interaction between baseline stimulant use and SMI diagnoses was significant in the overall sample (p=0.002) when controlling for the main effects of treatment condition, baseline stimulant use, and SMI diagnosis. Similar results were also found within the CM sample. Individuals with bipolar disorder were more or less likely, depending on their baseline stimulant-drug test results, to use stimulants during treatment compared to those with other SMI diagnoses.

Development Of Body Emotion Perception In Infancy: From Discrimination To Recognition, Alison Heck, Alyson Chroust, Hannah B. White, Rachel Lynn Jubran, Ramesh S. Bhatt

Psychology Faculty Publications

Research suggests that infants progress from discrimination to recognition of emotions in faces during the first half year of life. It is unknown whether the perception of emotions from bodies develops in a similar manner. In the current study, when presented with happy and angry body videos and voices, 5-month-olds looked longer at the matching video when they were presented upright but not when they were inverted. In contrast, 3.5-month-olds failed to match even with upright videos. Thus, 5-month-olds but not 3.5-month-olds exhibited evidence of recognition of emotions from bodies by demonstrating intermodal matching. In a subsequent experiment, younger infants …

The Time Has Come For Dimensional Personality Disorder Diagnosis, Christopher J Hopwood, Roman Kotov, Robert F. Krueger, David Watson, Thomas A. Widiger, Robert R. Althoff, Emily B. Ansell, Bo Bach, R. Michael Bagby, Mark A. Blais, Marina A. Bornovalova, Michael Chmielewski, David C. Cicero, Christopher Conway, Barbara De Clercq, Filip De Fruyt, Anna R. Docherty, Nicholas R. Eaton, John R. Edens, Miriam K. Forbes, Kelsie T. Forbush, Michael P. Hengartner, Masha Y. Ivanova, Daniel Leising, W. John Livesley, Mark R. Lukowitsky, Donald R. Lynam, Kristian E. Markon, Joshua D. Miller, Leslie C. Morey

Psychology Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Cardiac Rehabilitation Improves Cardiometabolic Health In Young Patients With Nonischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy, Samuel G Wittekind, Yvette Gerdes, Wayne Mays, Clifford Chin, John L Jefferies

The Texas Heart Institute Journal

Nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy is deadly and costly, and treatment options are limited. Cardiac rehabilitation has proved safe and beneficial for adults with various types of heart failure. Therefore, we retrospectively evaluated the hypothesis that rehabilitation is safe and improves cardiometabolic health in young patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomypathy. From 2011 through 2015, 8 patients (4 males) (mean age, 20.6 ± 6.6 yr; range, 10-31 yr) underwent rehabilitation at our institution. They were in American Heart Association class C or D heart failure and were on maximal medical therapy. Their mean left ventricular ejection fraction at baseline was 0.26 ± 0.15. …

Visual Scanning Of Males And Females In Infancy, Hannah B. White, Alyson J. Hock, Rachel L. Jubran, Alison Heck, Ramesh S. Bhatt

Psychology Faculty Publications

This study addressed the development of attention to information that is socially relevant to adults by examining infants' (n = 64) scanning patterns of male and female bodies. Infants exhibited systematic attention to regions associated with sex-related scanning by adults, with 3.5-and 6.5-month-olds looking longer at the torso of females than males and longer at the legs of males than females. However, this pattern of looking was not found when infants were tested on headless bodies in Experiment 2, which suggests that infants' differential gaze pattern in Experiment 1 was not due to low-level stimulus features, such as clothing, and …

Reproductive Steroids And Adhd Symptoms Across The Menstrual Cycle, Bethan A. Roberts, Tory Eisenlohr-Moul, Michelle M. Martel

Psychology Faculty Publications

Although Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder shows (ADHD) male predominance, females are significantly impaired and exhibit additional comorbid disorders during adolescence. However, no empirical work has examined the influence of cyclical fluctuating steroids on ADHD symptoms in women. The present study examined estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4), and testosterone (T) associations with ADHD symptoms across the menstrual cycle in regularly-cycling young women (N=32), examining trait impulsivity as a moderator. Women completed a baseline measure of trait impulsivity, provided saliva samples each morning, and completed an ADHD symptom checklist every evening for 35 days. Results indicated decreased levels of E2 in the context of increased …

Can Integrated Interventions Create The Conditions That Support Caregiving For Better Child Growth?, Purnima Menon, Edward A. Frongillo Jr.

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

A Systematic, Intensive Statistical Investigation Of Data From The Comprehensive Analysis Of Reported Drugs (Card) For Compliance And Illicit Opioid Abstinence In Substance Addiction Treatment With Buprenorphine/Naloxone, Kenneth Blum, David Han, Edward J Modestino, Scott Saunders, A Kennison Roy 3rd, W Jacobs, Darryl S Inaba, David Baron, Marlene Oscar-Berman, Mary Hauser, Rajendra D Badgaiyan, David E Smith, John Femino, Mark S Gold

Open Access Publications

BACKGROUND: Buprenorphine and naloxone (bup/nal), a combination partial mu receptor agonist and low-dose delta mu antagonist, is presently recommended and used to treat opioid-use disorder. However, a literature review revealed a paucity of research involving data from urine drug tests that looked at compliance and abstinence in one sample.

METHOD: Statistical analysis of data from the Comprehensive Analysis of Reported Drugs (CARD) was used to assess compliance and abstinence during treatment in a large cohort of bup/nal patients attending chemical-dependency programs from eastern USA in 2010 and 2011.

RESULTS: Part 1: Bup/nal was present in 93.4% of first (n = …