Digital Commons Network^™

Surveillance Systems For Monitoring Cervical Cancer Elimination Efforts: Focus On Hpv Infection, Cervical Dysplasia, Cervical Screening And Treatment., Julia M L Brotherton, Cosette Wheeler, Gary M. Clifford, Miriam Elfström, Marion Saville, John Kaldor, Dorothy A. Machalek

Pathology Research and Scholarship

In order to achieve the global elimination of cervical cancer as a public health problem, close surveillance of progress in public health and clinical activities and outcomes across the three pillars of vaccination, screening and treatment will be required. Surveillance should ideally occur within an integrated system that is planned, funded, and regularly evaluated to ensure it is providing timely, accurate and relevant feedback for action. In this paper, we conceptualise the main public health surveillance objectives as process and outcome measures in each of the three pillars. Process measures include coverage/participation measures for vaccination, screening and treatment alongside the …

Disparities In Sleep Health And Potential Intervention Models: A Focused Review., Martha E. Billings, Robyn T. Cohen, Carol M. Baldwin, Dayna A. Johnson, Brian N. Palen, Sairam Parthasarathy, Sanjay R. Patel, Maureen Russell, Ignacio E. Tapia, Ariel A. Williamson, Sunil Sharma

Project ECHO Bibliography

Disparities in sleep health are important but underrecognized contributors to health disparities. Understanding the factors contributing to sleep heath disparities and developing effective interventions are critical to improving all aspects of heath. Sleep heath disparities are impacted by socioeconomic status, racism, discrimination, neighborhood segregation, geography, social patterns, and access to health care as well as by cultural beliefs, necessitating a cultural appropriateness component in any intervention devised for reducing sleep health disparities. Pediatric sleep disparities require innovative and urgent intervention to establish a foundation of lifelong healthy sleep. Tapping the vast potential of technology in improving sleep health access may …

Ispd Guidelines For Peritoneal Dialysis In Acute Kidney Injury: 2020 Update (Paediatrics)., Peter Nourse, Brett Cullis, Fredrick Finkelstein, Alp Numanoglu, Bradley A. Warady, Sampson Antwi, Mignon Mcculloch

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

1.1 Peritoneal dialysis is a suitable renal replacement therapy modality for treatment of acute kidney injury in children. (1C)2. Access and fluid delivery for acute PD in children.2.1 We recommend a Tenckhoff catheter inserted by a surgeon in the operating theatre as the optimal choice for PD access. (1B) (optimal)2.2 Insertion of a PD catheter with an insertion kit and using Seldinger technique is an acceptable alternative. (1C) (optimal)2.3 Interventional radiological placement of PD catheters combining ultrasound and fluoroscopy is an acceptable alternative. (1D) (optimal)2.4 Rigid …

Deficiency Of Stat1 In Cd11c+ Cells Alters Adipose Tissue Inflammation And Improves Metabolic Dysfunctions In Mice Fed A High-Fat Diet, Antu Antony, Zeqin Lian, Xiaoyuan Dai Perrard, Jerry Perrard, Hua Liu, Aaron R Cox, Pradip Saha, Lothar Hennighausen, Sean M Hartig, Christie M Ballantyne, Huaizhu Wu

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

CD11c+ macrophages/dendritic cells (MDCs) are increased and display the classically activated M1-like phenotype in obese adipose tissue (AT) and may contribute to AT inflammation and insulin resistance. Stat1 is a key transcription factor for MDC polarization into the M1-like phenotype. Here, we examined the role of Stat1 in obesity-induced AT MDC polarization and inflammation and insulin resistance using mice with specific knockout of Stat1 in MDCs (cKO). Stat1 was upregulated and phosphorylated, indicating activation, early and persistently in AT and AT MDCs of wild-type mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Compared with littermate controls, cKO mice fed an HFD (16 …

Perfluorooctanoic Acid (Pfoa) Or Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (Pfos) And Dna Methylation In Newborn Dried Blood Spots In The Upstate Kids Cohort, Sonia L Robinson, Xuehuo Zeng, Weihua Guan, Rajeshwari Sundaram, Pauline Mendola, Diane L Putnick, Robert A Waterland, Chathura J Gunasekara, Kurunthachalam Kannan, Chongjing Gao, Erin M Bell, Edwina H Yeung

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) are persistent organic pollutants which may alter prenatal development, potentially through epigenetic modifications. Prior studies examining PFOS/PFOA and DNA methylation have relatively few subjects (n < 200) and inconsistent results. We examined relations of PFOA/PFOS with DNA methylation among 597 neonates in the Upstate KIDS cohort study. PFOA/PFOS were quantified in newborn dried blood spots (DBS) using high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. DNA methylation was measured using the Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip with DNA extracted from DBS. Robust linear regression was used to examine the associations of PFOA/PFOS with DNA methylation at individual CpG sites. Covariates included sample plate, estimated cell type, epigenetically derived ancestry, infant sex and plurality, indicators of maternal socioeconomic status, and prior pregnancy loss. In supplemental analysis, we restricted the analysis to 2242 CpG sites previously identified as Correlated Regions of Systemic Interindividual Variation (CoRSIVs) which include metastable epialleles. At FDR90th percentile was related to DNA methylation at cg15557840, near SCRT2, SRXN1; PFOS>90th percentile was related to 2 CpG sites in a sex-specific manner (cg19039925 in GVIN1 in boys and cg05754408 in ZNF26 in girls). When analysis was restricted to CoRSIVs, log-scaled, continuous PFOS concentration was related to DNA methylation at cg03278866 within PTBP1. In conclusion, there was limited evidence of an association between high concentrations of PFOA/PFOS and DNA methylation in newborn DBS in the Upstate KIDS cohort. These …

The Association Between Overnight Fasting And Body Mass Index In Older Adults: The Interaction Between Duration And Timing, Qian Xiao, Cici Bauer, Tracy Layne, Mary Playdon

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Circadian rhythms play an important role in the regulation of eating and fasting, and mistimed dietary intakes may be detrimental to metabolic health. Extended overnight fasting has been proposed as a strategy to better align the eating-fasting cycle with the internal circadian clock, and both observational and experimental studies have linked longer overnight fasting with lower body weight. However, it remains unclear if the timing of overnight fasting modifies the relationship between fasting duration and weight outcomes.

METHODS: The current study included 495 men and 499 women age 50-74 years. Dietary intake over 12 months was assessed by 24-h …

In Vivo Transplantation Of Human Intestinal Organoids Enhances Select Tight Junction Gene Expression, Mariaelena A Boyle, David J Sequeira, Eoin P Mcneill, Zachary K Criss, Noah F Shroyer, Allison L Speer

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Short bowel syndrome is a potentially fatal condition with inadequate management options. Tissue-engineered small intestine (TESI) is a promising solution, but confirmation of TESI function will be crucial before human application. We sought to define intestinal epithelial barrier function in human intestinal organoid (HIO)-derived TESI.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: HIOs were generated in vitro from human embryonic stem cells. After 1 mo, HIOs were collected for analysis or transplanted into the kidney capsule of immunocompromised mice. Transplanted HIOs (tHIOs) were harvested for analysis at 4 or 8 wk. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescent staining were performed for …

Overexpression Of Mir-1306-5p, Mir-3195, And Mir-3914 Inhibits Ameloblast Differentiation Through Suppression Of Genes Associated With Human Amelogenesis Imperfecta, Hiroki Yoshioka, Yin-Ying Wang, Akiko Suzuki, Meysam Shayegh, Mona V Gajera, Zhongming Zhao, Junichi Iwata

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Amelogenesis imperfecta is a congenital form of enamel hypoplasia. Although a number of genetic mutations have been reported in humans, the regulatory network of these genes remains mostly unclear. To identify signatures of biological pathways in amelogenesis imperfecta, we conducted bioinformatic analyses on genes associated with the condition in humans. Through an extensive search of the main biomedical databases, we found 56 genes in which mutations and/or association/linkage were reported in individuals with amelogenesis imperfecta. These candidate genes were further grouped by function, pathway, protein-protein interaction, and tissue-specific expression patterns using various bioinformatic tools. The bioinformatic analyses highlighted a group …

Metabolic Flexibility Across The Spectrum Of Glycemic Regulation In Youth, Fida Bacha, Sara Klinepeter Bartz, Maurice Puyau, Anne Adolph, Susan Sharma

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

BACKGROUNDMetabolic flexibility (MF) refers to the relative ability to utilize lipid and carbohydrate substrates and to transition between them. It is not clear whether MF is impaired in obese youth and what the determining factors are.METHODSWe investigated the determinants of MF (increased respiratory exchange ratio [ΔRER] under insulin-stimulated conditions) in pubertal youth (n = 104; 15.6 ± 1.8 years) with obesity across the spectrum of glucose tolerance compared with normal weight (NW) controls, including body composition (fat-free mass [FFM], %body fat), visceral adipose fat (VAT) (MRI), glycemia, and insulin sensitivity (IS) [3-hour hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp with measurement of lipolysis ([2H5] glycerol), …

A Standard Calculation Methodology For Human Doubly Labeled Water Studies, John R Speakman, Yosuke Yamada, Hiroyuki Sagayama, Elena S F Berman, Philip N Ainslie, Lene F Andersen, Liam J Anderson, Lenore Arab, Issaad Baddou, Kweku Bedu-Addo, Ellen E Blaak, Stephane Blanc, Alberto G Bonomi, Carlijn V C Bouten, Pascal Bovet, Maciej S Buchowski, Nancy F Butte, Stefan G J A Camps, Graeme L Close, Jamie A Cooper, Seth A Creasy, Sai Krupa Das, Richard Cooper, Lara R Dugas, Cara B Ebbeling, Ulf Ekelund, Sonja Entringer, Terrence Forrester, Barry W Fudge, Annelies H Goris, Michael Gurven, Catherine Hambly, Asmaa El Hamdouchi, Marije B Hoos, Sumei Hu, Noorjehan Joonas, Annemiek M Joosen, Peter Katzmarzyk, Kitty P Kempen, Misaka Kimura, William E Kraus, Robert F Kushner, Estelle V Lambert, William R Leonard, Nader Lessan, David S Ludwig, Corby K Martin, Anine C Medin, Erwin P Meijer, James C Morehen, James P Morton, Marian L Neuhouser, Theresa A Nicklas, Robert M Ojiambo, Kirsi H Pietiläinen, Yannis P Pitsiladis, Jacob Plange-Rhule, Guy Plasqui, Ross L Prentice, Roberto A Rabinovich, Susan B Racette, David A Raichlen, Eric Ravussin, Rebecca M Reynolds, Susan B Roberts, Albertine J Schuit, Anders M Sjödin, Eric Stice, Samuel S Urlacher, Giulio Valenti, Ludo M Van Etten, Edgar A Van Mil, Jonathan C K Wells, George Wilson, Brian M Wood, Jack Yanovski, Tsukasa Yoshida, Xueying Zhang, Alexia J Murphy-Alford, Cornelia U Loechl, Edward L Melanson, Amy H Luke, Herman Pontzer, Jennifer Rood, Dale A Schoeller, Klaas R Westerterp, William W Wong

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

The doubly labeled water (DLW) method measures total energy expenditure (TEE) in free-living subjects. Several equations are used to convert isotopic data into TEE. Using the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) DLW database (5,756 measurements of adults and children), we show considerable variability is introduced by different equations. The estimated rCO2 is sensitive to the dilution space ratio (DSR) of the two isotopes. Based on performance in validation studies, we propose a new equation based on a new estimate of the mean DSR. The DSR is lower at low body masses (<10 kg). Using data for 1,021 babies and infants, we show that the DSR varies non-linearly with body mass between 0 and 10 kg. Using this relationship to predict DSR from weight provides an equation for rCO2 over this size range that agrees well with indirect calorimetry (average difference 0.64%; SD = 12.2%). We propose adoption of these equations in future studies.

Genetic Variants And Physical Activity Interact To Affect Bone Density In Hispanic Children, Ruixue Hou, Shelley A Cole, Mariaelisa Graff, Yujie Wang, Karin Haack, Sandra Laston, Nitesh R Mehta, Roman J Shypailo, Margaret L Gourlay, Anthony G Comuzzie, Kari E North, Nancy F Butte, Venkata Saroja Voruganti

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background: Our aim was to investigate if moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), calcium intake interacts with bone mineral density (BMD)-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to influence BMD in 750 Hispanic children (4-19y) of the cross-sectional Viva La Familia Study.

Methods: Physical activity and dietary intake were measured by accelerometers and multiple-pass 24 h dietary recalls, respectively. Total body and lumbar spine BMD were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. A polygenic risk score (PRS) was computed based on SNPs identified in published literature. Regression analysis was conducted with PRSs, MVPA and calcium intake with total body and lumbar spine …

Integrative Oncology Education: An Emerging Competency For Oncology Providers, Safiya Karim, Rita Benn, Linda E. Carlson, Judith Fouladbakhsh, Heather Greenlee, Rick Harris, N. Lynn Henry, Shruti Jolly, Sabrina Mayhew, Lisa Spratke, Eleanor M. Walker, Bradley Zebrack, Suzanna M. Zick

Radiation Oncology Articles

A growing number of cancer patients use complementary and alternative therapies during and after conventional cancer treatment. Patients are often reluctant to discuss these therapies with their oncologist, and oncologists may have limited knowledge and confidence on how to advise patients on the appropriate use. Integrative oncology is a patient-centered, evidence-informed field that utilizes mind-body practices, lifestyle modifications and/or natural products interwoven with conventional cancer treatment. It prioritizes safety and best available evidence to offer appropriate interventions alongside conventional care. There are few opportunities for oncologists to learn about integrative oncology. In this commentary, we highlight the Integrative Oncology Scholars …

Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy Confers Metabolic Improvements By Reducing Intestinal Bile Acids And Lipid Absorption In Mice, Lili Ding, Eryun Zhang, Qiaoling Yang, Lihua Jin, Kyle M Sousa, Bingning Dong, Yangmeng Wang, Jui Tu, Xiaoxiao Ma, Jingyan Tian, Hongli Zhang, Zhipeng Fang, Ana Guan, Yixin Zhang, Zhengtao Wang, David D Moore, Li Yang, Wendong Huang

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) is a highly effective bariatric surgery that sustainably treats obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the underlying mechanisms governing its metabolic benefits remain unclear. In this study, we have used four different genetically modified mouse lines to understand the link between bile acid circulation and metabolic effects of VSG. Instead of directly activating the nuclear bile acid receptor farnesoid X receptor (Fxr) in the liver or intestine, VSG reduces intestinal levels of bile acids, thereby decreasing fat absorption in the intestine. Given the rising popularity of bariatric surgeries to treat obesity and associated T2D, the …

Common Questions And Misconceptions About Creatine Supplementation: What Does The Scientific Evidence Really Show?, Jose Antonio, Darren G Candow, Scott C Forbes, Bruno Gualano, Andrew R Jagim, Richard B Kreider, Eric S Rawson, Abbie E Smith-Ryan, Trisha A Vandusseldorp, Darryn S Willoughby, Tim N Ziegenfuss

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Supplementing with creatine is very popular amongst athletes and exercising individuals for improving muscle mass, performance and recovery. Accumulating evidence also suggests that creatine supplementation produces a variety of beneficial effects in older and patient populations. Furthermore, evidence-based research shows that creatine supplementation is relatively well tolerated, especially at recommended dosages (i.e. 3-5 g/day or 0.1 g/kg of body mass/day). Although there are over 500 peer-refereed publications involving creatine supplementation, it is somewhat surprising that questions regarding the efficacy and safety of creatine still remain. These include, but are not limited to: 1. Does creatine lead to water retention? 2. …

Eosinophils Attenuate Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury In Mice Through St2-Dependent Il-13 Production, Yaochun Wang, Yang Yang, Meng Wang, Shuhong Wang, Jong-Min Jeong, Long Xu, Yankai Wen, Christoph Emontzpohl, Constance Lynn Atkins, Kevin Duong, Nicolas F Moreno, Xiaoyi Yuan, David R Hall, Wasim Dar, Dechun Feng, Bin Gao, Yong Xu, Zoltan Czigany, Sean P Colgan, J Steve Bynon, Shizuo Akira, Jared M Brown, Holger K Eltzschig, Elizabeth A Jacobsen, Cynthia Ju

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Eosinophils are a myeloid cell subpopulation that mediates type 2 T helper cell immune responses. Unexpectedly, we identified a rapid accumulation of eosinophils in 22 human liver grafts after hepatic transplantation. In contrast, no eosinophils were detectable in healthy liver tissues before transplantation. Studies with two genetic mouse models of eosinophil deficiency and a mouse model of antibody-mediated eosinophil depletion revealed exacerbated liver injury after hepatic ischemia and reperfusion. Adoptive transfer of bone marrow-derived eosinophils normalized liver injury of eosinophil-deficient mice and reduced hepatic ischemia and reperfusion injury in wild-type mice. Mechanistic studies combining genetic and adoptive transfer approaches identified …

Pandemic Makes Chronic Disease Prevention A Priority., Karen S. Kmetik, Alexis Skoufalos, David B. Nash

College of Population Health Faculty Papers

This article is the authors' final version prior to publication in Population Health Management, Volume 24, Issue 1, February 2021, Pages 1-2

Final publication is available from Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers https://doi.org/10.1089/pop.2020.0126

Blood Myo-Inositol Concentrations In Preterm And Term Infants, Luc P Brion, Dale L Phelps, Robert M Ward, Tracy L Nolen, N Mikko K Hallman, Abhik Das, Daniel J Zaccaro, M Bethany Ball, Kristi L Watterberg, Ivan D Frantz, C Michael Cotten, Brenda B Poindexter, William Oh, Ralph A Lugo, Krisa P Van Meurs, T Michael O'Shea, Kristin M Zaterka-Baxter, Rosemary D Higgins

Pediatrics Research and Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: To describe relationship between cord blood (representing fetal) myo-inositol concentrations and gestational age (GA) and to determine trends of blood concentrations in enterally and parenterally fed infants from birth to 70 days of age.

DESIGN/METHODS: Samples were collected in 281 fed or unfed infants born in 2005 and 2006. Myo-inositol concentrations were displayed in scatter plots and analyzed with linear regression models of natural log-transformed values.

RESULTS: In 441 samples obtained from 281 infants, myo-inositol concentrations varied from nondetectable to 1494 μmol/L. Cord myo-inositol concentrations decreased an estimated 11.9% per week increase in GA. Postnatal myo-inositol concentrations decreased an …

Association Of Baseline Characteristics With Insulin Sensitivity And Β-Cell Function In The Glycemia Reduction Approaches In Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness (Grade) Study Cohort, Neda Rasouli, Naji Younes, Kristina M Utzschneider, Silvio E Inzucchi, Ashok Balasubramanyam, Andrea L Cherrington, Faramarz Ismail-Beigi, Robert M Cohen, Darin E Olson, Ralph A Defronzo, William H Herman, John M Lachin, Steven E Kahn

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

OBJECTIVE: We investigated sex and racial differences in insulin sensitivity, β-cell function, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This is a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from 3,108 GRADE (Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study) participants. All had type 2 diabetes diagnosedβ-cell function were evaluated using the HOMA of insulin sensitivity and estimates from oral glucose tolerance tests, including the Matsuda Index, insulinogenic index, C-peptide index, and oral disposition index (DI).

RESULTS: The cohort was 56.6 ± 10 years of age (mean ± SD), 63.8% male, with BMI 34.2 ± 6.7 kg/m

CONCLUSIONS: In the …

Parenteral Lipid Emulsions Induce Unique Ileal Fatty Acid And Metabolomic Profiles But Do Not Increase The Risk Of Necrotizing Enterocolitis In Preterm Pigs, William Yakah, Pratibha Singh, Joanne Brown, Barbara Stoll, Doug Burrin, Muralidhar H Premkumar, Hasan H Otu, Xuesong Gu, Simon T Dillon, Towia A Libermann, Steven D Freedman, Camilia R Martin

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a manifestation of maladaptive intestinal responses in preterm infants centrally medicated by unattenuated inflammation. Early in the postnatal period, preterm infants develop a deficit in arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acid, both potent regulators of inflammation. We hypothesized that the fatty acid composition of parenteral lipid emulsions uniquely induces blood and intestinal fatty acid profiles which, in turn, modifies the risk of NEC development. Forty-two preterm pigs were randomized to receive one of three lipid emulsions containing 100% soybean oil (SO), 15% fish oil (MO15), or 100% fish oil (FO100) with enteral feedings over an 8-day protocol. Blood …

Fructan-Sensitive Children With Irritable Bowel Syndrome Have Distinct Gut Microbiome Signatures, Bruno P Chumpitazi, Kristi L Hoffman, Daniel P Smith, Ann R Mcmeans, Salma Musaad, James Versalovic, Joseph F Petrosino, Robert J Shulman

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background: Dietary fructans may worsen gastrointestinal symptoms in children with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

Aim: To determine whether gut microbiome composition and function are associated with childhood IBS fructan-induced symptoms.

Methods: Faecal samples were collected from 38 children aged 7-17 years with paediatric Rome III IBS, who previously completied a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled crossover (fructan vs maltodextrin) trial. Fructan sensitivity was defined as an increase of ≥30% in abdominal pain frequency during the fructan diet. Gut microbial composition was determined via 16Sv4 rDNA sequencing. LEfSe evaluated taxonomic composition differences. Tax4Fun2 predicted microbial fructan metabolic pathways.

Results: At baseline, 17 fructan-sensitive …

Association Of Long-Term Trajectories Of Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status With Weight Change In Older Adults, Dong Zhang, Cici Bauer, Tiffany Powell-Wiley, Qian Xiao

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

IMPORTANCE: Studying long-term changes in neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) may help to better understand the associations between neighborhood exposure and weight outcomes and provide evidence supporting neighborhood interventions. Little previous research has been done to examine associations between neighborhood SES and weight loss, a risk factor associated with poor health outcomes in the older population.

OBJECTIVE: to determine whether improvements in neighborhood SES are associated with reduced likelihoods of excessive weight gain and excessive weight loss and whether declines are associated with increased likelihoods of these weight outcomes.

DESIGN, STUDY, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cohort study was conducted using data from …

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, George W Williams, Nathaniel K Berg, Alexander Reskallah, Xiaoyi Yuan, Holger K Eltzschig

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is defined as the rapid onset of non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema resulting in respiratory failure and hypoxemia. Efforts over the past 25 years, such as those of the ARDS and Prevention and Early Treatment of Acute Lung Injury (PETAL) Networks, have demonstrated a praiseworthy collaboration to further optimize the management of ARDS. However, improvements have been only moderate and ARDS remains a leading cause of mortality in the perioperative and critical care setting. Recently, the significant morbidity and mortality of ARDS have been emphasized by its high incidence in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. A major …

Intestinal Stem Cell-Derived Enteroids From Morbidly Obese Patients Preserve Obesity-Related Phenotypes: Elevated Glucose Absorption And Gluconeogenesis, Nesrin M Hasan, Kelli F Johnson, Jianyi Yin, Nicholas W Baetz, Lea Fayad, Vadim Sherman, Sarah E Blutt, Mary K Estes, Vivek Kumbhari, Nicholas C Zachos, Olga Kovbasnjuk

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

OBJECTIVE: The mechanisms behind the efficacy of bariatric surgery (BS) for treating obesity and type 2 diabetes, particularly with respect to the influence of the small bowel, remain poorly understood. In vitro and animal models are suboptimal with respect to their ability to replicate the human intestinal epithelium under conditions induced by obesity. Human enteroids have the potential to accelerate the development of less invasive anti-obesity therapeutics if they can recapitulate the pathophysiology of obesity. Our aim was to determine whether adult stem cell-derived enteroids preserve obesity-characteristic patient-specific abnormalities in carbohydrate absorption and metabolism.

METHODS: We established 24 enteroid lines …

A Timely Call To Arms: Covid-19, The Circadian Clock, And Critical Care, Jeffrey Haspel, Minjee Kim, Phyllis Zee, Tanja Schwarzmeier, Sara Montagnese, Satchidananda Panda, Adriana Albani, Martha Merrow

2020-Current year OA Pubs

We currently find ourselves in the midst of a global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the highly infectious novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Here, we discuss aspects of SARS-CoV-2 biology and pathology and how these might interact with the circadian clock of the host. We further focus on the severe manifestation of the illness, leading to hospitalization in an intensive care unit. The most common severe complications of COVID-19 relate to clock-regulated human physiology. We speculate on how the pandemic might be used to gain insights on the circadian clock but, more importantly, on …

New Insights And Enhanced Human Norovirus Cultivation In Human Intestinal Enteroids, Khalil Ettayebi, Victoria R Tenge, Nicolas W Cortes-Penfield, Sue E Crawford, Frederick H Neill, Xi-Lei Zeng, Xiaomin Yu, B Vijayalakshmi Ayyar, Douglas Burrin, Sasirekha Ramani, Robert L Atmar, Mary K Estes

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are the leading cause of epidemic and sporadic acute gastroenteritis worldwide. We previously demonstrated human intestinal stem cell-derived enteroids (HIEs) support cultivation of several HuNoV strains. However, HIEs did not support virus replication from every HuNoV-positive stool sample, which led us to test and optimize new medium conditions, identify characteristics of stool samples that allow replication, and evaluate consistency of replication over time. Optimization of our HIE-HuNoV culture system has shown the following: (i) a new HIE culture medium made with conditioned medium from a single cell line and commercial media promotes robust replication of HuNoV strains …

Designing And Undertaking Randomised Implementation Trials: Guide For Researchers, Luke Wolfenden, Robbie Foy, Justin Presseau, Jeremy Grimshaw, Noah Ivers, Byron Powell, Monica Taljaard, John Wiggers, Rachel Sutherland, Nicole Nathan, Christopher Williams, Melanie Kingsland, Andrew Milat, Rebecca Hodder, Sze Lin Yoong

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Parenteral Fish-Oil Containing Lipid Emulsions Limit Initial Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Host Immune Responses In Preterm Pigs, William Yakah, David Ramiro-Cortijo, Pratibha Singh, Joanne Brown, Barbara Stoll, Madhulika Kulkarni, Berthe C Oosterloo, Doug Burrin, Krishna Rao Maddipati, Raina N Fichorova, Steven D Freedman, Camilia R Martin

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Multicomponent lipid emulsions are available for critical care of preterm infants. We sought to determine the impact of different lipid emulsions on early priming of the host and its response to an acute stimulus. Pigs delivered 7d preterm (n = 59) were randomized to receive different lipid emulsions for 11 days: 100% soybean oil (SO), mixed oil emulsion (SO, medium chain olive oil and fish oil) including 15% fish oil (MO15), or 100% fish oil (FO100). On day 11, pigs received an 8-h continuous intravenous infusion of either lipopolysaccharide (LPS—lyophilized Escherichia coli) or saline. Plasma was collected for …

Disparities In Cardiovascular Disease Outcomes Among Pregnant And Post-Partum Women, Mohamed M Gad, Islam Y Elgendy, Ahmed N Mahmoud, Anas M Saad, Toshiaki Isogai, Isadora Sande Mathias, Rabel Misbah Rameez, Johnny Chahine, Hani Jneid, Samir R Kapadia

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background

The incidence of cardiovascular disease among pregnant women is rising in the United States. Data on racial disparities for the major cardiovascular events during pregnancy are limited.

Methods and Results

Pregnant and post‐partum women hospitalized from January 2007 to December 2017 were identified from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. The outcomes of interest included: in‐hospital mortality, myocardial infarction, stroke, pulmonary embolism, and peripartum cardiomyopathy. Multivariate regression analysis was used to assess the independent association between race and in‐hospital outcomes. Among 46 700 637 pregnancy‐related hospitalizations, 21 663 575 (46.4%) were White, 6 302 089 (13.5%) were Black, and 8 914 …

Microbiome For Mars: Surveying Microbiome Connections To Healthcare With Implications For Long-Duration Human Spaceflight, Virtual Workshop, July 13, 2020, Michael Lapelusa, Dorit Donoviel, Sergio E Branzini, Paul E Carlson, Stephanie Culler, Amrita K Cheema, Rima Kaddurah-Daouk, Denise Kelly, Isabelle De Cremoux, Rob Knight, Rosa Krajmalnik-Brown, Stephen L Mayo, Sarkis K Mazmanian, Emeran A Mayer, Joseph F Petrosino, Keith Garrison

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The inaugural "Microbiome for Mars" virtual workshop took place on July 13, 2020. This event assembled leaders in microbiome research and development to discuss their work and how it may relate to long-duration human space travel. The conference focused on surveying current microbiome research, future endeavors, and how this growing field could broadly impact human health and space exploration. This report summarizes each speaker's presentation in the order presented at the workshop.

In-Hospital Postoperative Mortality Rates For Selected Procedures In Tanzania's Lake Zone., Taylor Wurdeman, Christopher Strader, Shehnaz Alidina, David Barash, Isabelle Citron, Ntuli Kapologwe, Erastus Maina, Fabian Massaga, Adelina Mazhiqi, John G. Meara, Gopal Menon, Cheri Reynolds, Meaghan Sydlowski, John Varallo, Sarah Maongezi, Mpoki Ulisubisya

Project ECHO Bibliography

BACKGROUND: Postoperative mortality rate is one of six surgical indicators identified by the Lancet Commission on Global Surgery for monitoring access to high-quality surgical care. The primary aim of this study was to measure the postoperative mortality rate in Tanzania's Lake Zone to provide a baseline for surgical strengthening efforts. The secondary aim was to measure the effect of Safe Surgery 2020, a multi-component intervention to improve surgical quality, on postoperative mortality after 10 months.

METHODS: We prospectively collected data on postoperative mortality from 20 health centers, district hospitals, and regional hospitals in Tanzania's Lake Zone over two time periods: …