Digital Commons Network^™

Insights From A Survey Of School Nurses: Assessing The Challenges Of Constipation In Schools, Andrew S Chu, Eric H Chiou

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Objectives: School nurses are key responders to students with constipation, yet their experiences are underreported. This study surveyed their observations regarding constipation, identified barriers to student restroom access, and assessed educational needs.

Methods: In this descriptive, cross-sectional survey study, an anonymous online survey was distributed to school nurses participating in a virtual education series. The survey assessed nurse demographics, frequency of encounters with constipation and encopresis, school restroom policies, barriers to restroom use, accommodation requests, and training in constipation management.

Findings: Of 125 respondents, 95% encountered students with constipation at least monthly and 55% reported ≥ 6 encounters monthly. Commonly …

Sleep-Disordered Breathing Subtypes And Future Diet Quality In The Multi-Ethnic Study Of Atherosclerosis, Kaitlin S Potts, Cecilia Castro-Diehl, Tianyi Huang, Alexis C Wood, Jerome I Rotter, Stephen S Rich, Tamar Sofer, Susan Redline, Heming Wang

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Objectives: Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and diet quality impact cardiometabolic disease, but few studies have examined if SDB influences diet quality. This study estimated the association between SDB subtypes (with and without sleepiness) and future diet quality in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

Methods: Probable SDB was characterized by self-reported physician-diagnosed sleep apnea (PDSA) or habitual snoring and subtyped by presence or absence of sleepiness. A food frequency questionnaire measured diet 1.6 years before, and 7.8 years after SDB assessment. Diet quality was measured with the Alternate Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI). Mean differences in AHEI at follow-up by SDB subtypes were …

Obesity Promotes Conserved Inflammatory And Metabolic Transcriptional Programs In Colon Tumors: Evidence From Mouse Models And The Colocare Study Patient Cohort, Elaine M Glenny, Adetunji T Toriola, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: The global prevalence of obesity, an established risk and progression factor for colon cancer, is high and rising. Unfortunately, the mechanisms underlying the obesity-colon cancer association are incompletely understood, and new molecular targets enabling more effective intervention strategies to break the obesity-colon cancer link are urgently needed.

OBJECTIVES: This study integrated RNA sequencing data from mouse and human colon tumor samples, as well as human adipose samples, to rigorously establish obesity-associated transcriptomic signatures conserved between the 2 species.

METHODS: We employed a mouse colon cancer model with colonoscopy-guided orthotopic transplantation of syngeneic Apc

RESULTS: Diet-induced obesity reduced survival in …

Plasma Metabolomic And Proteomic Signatures Of Blood Pressure Management After Bariatric Surgery Among Adolescents, Shudi Pan, Zhenjiang Li, Juan Pablo Lewinger, Jesse A Goodrich, Hongxu Wang, Sarah Rock, Carmen Chen, Todd M Jenkins, Stephanie Sisley, Stephen R Daniels, Douglas I Walker, Max T Aung, Erika Garcia, Rob Mcconnell, Sandrah P Eckel, Michele A La Merrill, Tanya L Alderete, Zhuanghua Chen, Frank D Gilliland, Thomas H Inge, David V Conti, Justin R Ryder, Lida Chatzi

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Emerging omics approaches, including metabolomics and proteomics, can be integrated into obesity treatment for better blood pressure management. We tested whether preoperative metabolomic and proteomic profiles predict long-term elevated blood pressure (EBP) changes better than known risk factors in adolescents undergoing bariatric surgery.

Methods: We included 108 participants from the Teen-LABS (Teen-Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery). Plasma untargeted metabolomics (via liquid chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry) and Olink proteomics were assessed pre surgery. An elastic net model with stability selection was used to identify features predictive of EBP reductions 5 years post surgery. Models including identified metabolites, proteins, and …

The Use Of Alcohol-Free And Low-Alcohol Drinks In Pregnancy In The Uk, Kate Maslin, Heather Hopper, Jill Shawe

School of Nursing and Midwifery

Alcohol-free drinks [beers, ciders, wines, and spirits containing <0.05% alcohol by volume (ABV)], and lowalcohol drinks (between 0.05% and 1.2% ABV) are increasingly available and may be used as a harm reduction measure. However, it is not known what pregnant women think and feel about these drinks and how regularly they are consumed before and during pregnancy. A cross-sectional online survey was developed and piloted. Women ≥18 years in the UK who were pregnant, or recently pregnant, were recruited via targeted social media advertising. Of the 2092 respondents, 47.8% (n ¼ 1001) were currently pregnant; 55.7% (n ¼ 1167) were between 25 and 34 years, 90.0% were White (n ¼ 1881); 6.1% (n ¼ 128) were drinking alcohol at “increasing risk” levels (>14 units/week) before pregnancy. During pregnancy, 13.5% (n ¼ 282) consumed alcohol, which was more common in the increasing risk category (P < .01). Alcohol-free or low-alcohol drinks were consumed by 71.3% (n ¼ 1491) of respondents during pregnancy; 91.4% of the increasing risk category versus 69.9% of the lower risk category (P < .01). The most common reasons for consuming alcohol-free or low-alcohol drinks were “to choose a safer alternative” (71.9%, n ¼ 1073) and “to feel included in social events involving alcohol” (68.8%, n ¼ 1026). More than half of respondents (56.7%) thought there was insufficient information available about consuming alcohol-free and low-alcohol drinks during pregnancy, with internet searching the primary source of information. Although alcohol-free and low-alcohol drinks are commonly consumed during pregnancy, there are some safety concerns. Their role as a harm reduction measure in those who are drinking alcohol at increasing risk levels prepregnancy needs further investigation.

Adverse Experiences, Protective Factors, And Obesity In Latinx And Hispanic Youths, Victoria Goldman, Sevan Esaian, Miguel Ángel Rivas Fernández, Jonatan Ottino Gonzalez, Nicole Karcher, Jeffrey I Gold, Alaina P Vidmar, Shana Adise

2020-Current year OA Pubs

IMPORTANCE: Pediatric obesity rates are rising, and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) may contribute by promoting stress-induced weight gain. Few studies have examined the association of ACEs with body mass index (BMI) and youth-reported protective factors, particularly among Latinx and Hispanic youths, who face higher rates of ACEs and obesity.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association of ACEs with BMI in a population-based cohort and determine whether youth-reported protective factors (eg, self-coping skills, caregiver or friend support, or overall support) moderate this association, with a focus on Latinx and Hispanic youths.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This large, cross-sectional study of youths aged …

Single Cell Viral Tagging Of Faecalibacterium Prausnitzii Reveals Rare Bacteriophages Omitted By Other Techniques, Danielle E Campbell, Xiaofen Wu, Lindsey R Hall, Dylan Lawrence, Jerome M Molleston, Lawrence A Schriefer, Lindsay Droit, James S Weagley, Benjamin S Olson, Joanna Rimmer, Miles Parkes, Scott A Handley, Megan T Baldridge

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The associations of the gut microbiome and virome with human health and disease are increasingly numerous and clear. The mechanistic roles of bacteriophages (phages) in the microbiome, however, are especially unclear, as their cultivation is exceedingly difficult and their diversity so immense. We use viral tagging (VT), a technique wherein fluorescently stained uncultivated viruses are allowed to adsorb to host cells and then host cells are singly sorted. This method identifies interacting phage-bacteria pairs to better sample and characterize the phages in human stool samples from healthy and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-affected patients. First, we apply VT to uncultivated bacteria …

Participatory Implementation Science To Enhance Knowledge And Build The Capacity To Increase The Uptake And Sustainability Of Hpv Vaccination Among Girls In Nigeria, Peter Kalulu, Olufunto A Olusanya, Nkiruka Obodoechina, Maria A Afadapa, Temitope Ojo, Priscilla A Kabutey, Caven N Ngoe, Ashley Bardon, Juliet Iwelunmor, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination can prevent cancer in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), but its uptake remains low, especially in Nigeria. Understanding participatory approaches can help identify local strategies to increase, build capacity for, and sustain vaccine uptake. This study evaluated the effectiveness of an innovation bootcamp in enhancing the knowledge and skills of youth implementers about HPV and cervical cancer as a strategy to increase vaccine uptake among Nigerian girls aged 9-14 years. An innovation bootcamp is an intensive training program that engages end users to build capacity and skills.

METHODS: This was a five-week hybrid bootcamp guided …

Stiefel Md Anderson Oropharynx Cancer (Mda-Opc) Cohort: A Single-Institution, Prospective Longitudinal Outcomes Study, Amy Moreno, Ariana J Sahli, Faye Johnson, Xiaowen Sun, Carly Barbon, Waree Rinsurongkawong, Wenye Song, Flavie M Luciani, Han Liang, Jun Li, Wei Liu, J Jack Lee, S J Frank, Stephen Lai, Clifton Fuller, Katherine Hutcheson

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Purpose: The MD Anderson Oropharynx Cancer (MDA-OPC) cohort is a unique single-institution, prospective longitudinal cancer cohort. The cohort aims to enhance the therapeutic index of OPC management by supporting data needs for independent investigators to conduct rigorous observational studies examining exposures and factors associated with acute and late toxicities, cancer progression, recurrence, new malignancies and quality of life in OPC survivors.

Participants: A total of 1811 patients with OPC with a minimum follow-up of 6 months have been consented to our prospective registry between 18 March 2015 and 29 December 2023. Clinical and treatment (Tx) data are available on all …

Perioperative Nutrition In Pediatric Patients With Congenital Heart Disease And Heart Failure., Jaime Silva-Gburek, Kelsey May, Bailey Walvoord, Catalina Lozano, Jorge A. Coss-Bu

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Optimal nutritional therapy is important for infants and children with perioperative congenital heart disease and heart failure. Medical providers face physiological and metabolic challenges when administering enteral and parenteral nutrition to these patients. Complications related to enteral nutrition can increase morbidity and mortality, although outcomes are improved in those cases in which caloric and nutrient administration can be achieved. Consensus regarding feeding strategies and timing of nutritive care is lacking. This narrative review aims to summarize, analyze and discuss the most recent literature on nutritional therapy in perioperative congenital heart disease, heart failure and pediatric patients requiring mechanical circulatory support …

Intersectional Stigma And Resilience In The Uptake Of Cervical Cancer Prevention Services In Nigeria: A Qualitative Study, Agatha Eileen Wapmuk, Titilola Abike Gbaja-Biamila, Ekenechukwu Kokelu, Juliet Iwelunmor, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of death among women in Africa, but stigma often delays cervical cancer prevention. We explore the perceptions, enablers and nurturers through the lens of intersectional stigma in the uptake of cervical cancer prevention services in Nigeria.

METHOD: Indepth interviews and focus group discussions were conducted among women aged 30-65 years and girls aged 9-26 years in Lagos, Nigeria. Data were analysed thematically. Using the relationships and expectation domain of the PEN-3 cultural model, we identified perceptions, enablers and nurturers related to the uptake of primary and secondary cervical cancer prevention services …

Mechanism Of Anticancer Action Of Bifidobacterium: Insights From Gut Microbiota, Hoang Do, Esther Asiamah, Mayanijesu Olorife, Arathi Pillai, Sakshi Patel, Ponniah Selvakumar, Sidhartha D Ray, Ashakumary Lakshmikuttyamma

College of Pharmacy Faculty Papers

Bifidobacterium has captured major attention recently because of its health benefits and extensive research highlighting its potential in cancer treatment and prevention. Evidence suggests that bifidobacterium can actively fight against various types of cancer, including those of the colon, lungs, breast, and stomach. Research indicates that several species of bifidobacterium can potentiate the action of chemotherapy, immunotherapy and radiation therapy in battling tumors, and reducing their adverse effects. Bifidobacteria shows its multipronged effect by modulating various immunomodulatory and inflammatory signaling pathways, potentially leading to the suppression of tumor growth. Moreover, different species of bifidobacteria are known to regulate signaling molecules …

Targeting Tomm40 And Tomm22 To Rescue Statin-Impaired Mitochondrial Function, Dynamics, And Mitophagy In Skeletal Myotubes, Neil V Yang, Sean Rogers, Rachel Guerra, Justin Y Chao, David J Pagliarini, Elizabeth Theusch, Ronald M Krauss

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Statins are the drugs most commonly used for lowering plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels and reducing cardiovascular disease risk. Although generally well-tolerated, statins can induce myopathy, a major cause of non-adherence to treatment. Impaired mitochondrial function has been implicated in the development of statin-induced myopathy, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We have shown that simvastatin downregulates the transcription of

Implementing Pst In Older Adults Facing Major Surgery: A Randomised Controlled Pilot Study, Victoria Tang, Lejla Pepic, Erika Higuchi, Christina Keny, Elizabeth Macias Lopez, Ezenwa C Onyema, Harleen Sandhu, Veronica Yank, Patrick J Raue

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Introduction: Depressive symptoms are common in the growing geriatric surgical population and are associated with important patient-centred surgical outcomes, including postoperative delirium, discharge to postacute care facility and decline in functional status. Few interventions have been developed to address depressive symptoms in the perioperative setting.

Methods and analysis: We designed a feasibility and acceptability study of a nine-session problem-solving therapy (PST) telehealth perioperative intervention aimed at reducing postoperative functional decline and depressive symptoms among at-risk older adults undergoing major surgical procedures. Acceptability will be evaluated using a patient-centred five-question survey, assessing participant satisfaction and perceived usefulness of the perioperative intervention. …

The Gut Microbiome As A Modulator Of Traumatic Brain Injury Pathology And Symptoms, Cole Vonder Haar, Marta Celorrio, Kris M Martens, Stuart H Friess, Sonia Villapol, Randal J Urban, Richard Pyles, Richelle Mychasiuk, Dennis Simon, Amanda Dave

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) affect millions annually, leading to devastating neurobehavioral consequences and increasing risk for neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. However, therapies are lacking. Starting in 2018, dysbiosis of the gut microbiome was identified as an acute, and potentially chronic, pathology originating from TBI. Recent studies established that the microbiome contributes to the evolution of TBI pathology and functional impairments. The gut microbiome is the collection of microorganisms that inhabit the stomach through colon and is indicated as a contributor to myriad neurological and psychiatric conditions. This makes it an intriguing target to understand in the context of TBI. Thus, …

Posterior Fossa Decompression In Syndromic Children With Chiari-Like Posterior Fossa Crowding: A Nationwide Us-Based Study, Victor Gabriel El-Hajj, Josué Aganze Mwambali, Ihab Ahmad Al-Rikabi, Erik Öhlen, Maria Gharios, Victor E. Staartjes, Joanna M. Roy, Basel Musmar, Pascal Jabbour, Erik Edström, Adrian Elmi-Terander

Department of Neurosurgery Faculty Papers

INTRODUCTION: Posterior fossa crowding, due to cerebellar tonsil herniation, often requires surgery with posterior fossa decompression (PFD). Although most cases are due to a Chiari-1 malformation (CM1), some are due to concomitant congenital conditions, mimicking a radiological CM1. The aim of this study was to compare PFD outcomes between CM1 and the syndromic Chiari-like crowding of the posterior fossa. A national pediatric surgical database was used to compare baseline characteristics and short-term postoperative outcomes.

METHODS: Pediatric patients undergoing PFD (2012-2021) were identified in the ACS NSQIP-P database. Baseline characteristics and 30-day outcomes were compared between syndromic and non-syndromic cases. Multivariate …

Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists And The Clinical Outcomes Of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Ahmed B Bayoumy, Lindsay M Clarke, Parakkal Deepak, Aakash Desai, Priya Sehgal, Uri Gorelik, Haggai Bar-Yoseph, Marie Villumsen, Chris J J Mulder, Dirk J Stenvers, Maarten E Tushuizen, Nanne K H De Boer

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Prior studies showed worse outcomes in obese inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, especially those related to hospitalizations, surgery, and steroid-free remission. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RAs) have demonstrated significant metabolic benefits for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. Hence, GLP1-RAs may improve clinical outcomes in patients with IBD, especially those with obesity. The objective was to systematically evaluate the impact of GLP1-RAs on clinical outcomes in patients with IBD.

METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was performed using the databases PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library from inception to March 15, 2025. Studies reporting outcomes …

Global Trends And Forecast Of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cancer, And Shared Risk Factors: Insights From The Gbd 2021, Chieh Y Koo, Bryan Chong, Jayanth Jayabaskaran, Srinithy Nagarajan, Silingga M Jauhari, Yiming Chen, Li L Tan, Anurag Mehta, Muhammad S Khan, Mark Muthiah, Derek Hausenloy, A M Richards, Dennis T Ko, Christian D Mallen, Eric A Secemsky, Mark Y Chan, Paaladinesh Thavendiranathan, Nicholas W S Chew, Mamas A Mamas

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer share multiple risk factors and are the leading causes of morbidity and death worldwide. This study aims to examine historical and projected trends of the combined CVD-cancer global estimates and their shared risk factors.

Methods: Death and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) associated with CVDs, cancers, and their risk factors were obtained from the GBD (Global Burden of Disease) 2021 study. Historical estimates from 1990 to 2021 and forecast data from 2025 to 2050 were examined across age groups, regions, sociodemographic index, and sex.

Results: In 2021, CVD-cancer resulted in age-standardized DALY rates of 8009 …

Evaluation Of Integrative Oncology Modalities For Symptom Management: A Mascc/Sio Global Survey, Alexandre Chan, Reem Nasr, Daniela Arcos, Dalia Kagramanov, Chioma Asuzu, Ting Bao, Yin Ting Cheung, Jung Hye Kwon, Judith Lacey, Richard T. Lee, Maryam Lustberg, Beatrice M. Ohaeri, Santosh Rao, Enrique Soto-Perez-De-Celis, Claudia M. Witt, Ana M. Lopez

Kimmel Cancer Center Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: With growing evidence pointing towards the potential of integrative oncology modalities (IOM) in addressing cancer and cancer-treatment related symptoms, research on IOM utilization and implementation is warranted. This study examines global stakeholder perspectives on integrative oncology (IO) utilization for supportive cancer care.

METHODS: Members of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) and the Society for Integrative Oncology (SIO) completed a survey on the utilization of IOM for supportive cancer care. Descriptive statistics were used to assess demographic data, IOM usage patterns, IOM education, and financial considerations for utilizing IOM.

RESULTS: Among 344 participants representing eight geographical …

National Alliance Of Sickle Cell Centers Consensus Recommendations On Sickle Cell Disease Health Maintenance: A Consensus Statement, Seethal A. Jacob, Melissa Frei-Jones, Sana Saif-Ur-Rehman, Monica L. Hulbert, Andrew R. W. O'Brien, Crawford Strunk, Anthony Villella, Ravi Talati, Amma Owusu-Ansah, Francis Coyne, Patrick T. Mcgann, Parul Rai, Robin Miller, Angeli Rampersad, Vishwas Sakhalkar, Neha Bhasin, Deepa Manwani, Sophie Lanzkron, Julie Kanter

Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research

IMPORTANCE: The most common inherited blood disorder in the world, sickle cell disease (SCD) is a known global health concern. While survival of children into adulthood has improved significantly over the last few decades in high-resource countries, substantial gaps in care standards and limited practice harmonization persist.

OBJECTIVE: To provide up-to-date recommendations for preventive care and treatment of all people living with SCD and its related comorbidities.

EVIDENCE REVIEW: As part of the National Alliance of Sickle Cell Centers (NASCC), 41 pediatric and adult sickle cell disease experts developed consensus standards and recommendations based on available evidence and expert consensus …

Condition-Specific Growth Charts For Children With Alagille Syndrome., Koen Huysentruyt, Shannon M. Vandriel, Mathieu Roelants, David A. Piccoli, Kathleen M. Loomes, Elizabeth B. Rand, Noelle H. Ebel, Jeffrey A. Feinstein, Irena Jankowska, Piotr Czubkowski, Dorota Gliwicz-Miedzinska, Emmanuel M. Gonzales, Emmanuel Jacquemin, Jérôme Bouligand, Saul J. Karpen, Rene Romero, Henry C. Lin, Björn Fischler, Henrik Arnell, Li-Ting Li, Jian-She Wang, Rima Fawaz, Silvia Nastasio, Kyung Mo Kim, Seak Hee Oh, Lorenzo D'Antiga, Emanuele Nicastro, Ryan T. Fischer, Susan M. Siew, Michael Stormon, Chatmanee Lertudomphonwanit, Winita Hardikar, Sahana Shankar, James E. Squires, Shikha S. Sundaram, Catherine Larson-Nath, Deirdre A. Kelly, Jane Hartley, Pinar Bulut, M Kyle Jensen, Catalina Jaramillo, Amin J. Roberts, Helen M. Evans, Étienne M. Sokal, Tanguy Demaret, Henkjan J. Verkade, Richard J. Thompson, Bettina E. Hansen, Tim J. Cole, Binita M. Kamath, Dominique Debray, Florence Lacaille, Jernej Brecelj, Nehal M. El-Koofy, Mohamed A. Elmonem, Way Seah Lee, Maria Camila Sanchez, Maria Lorena Cavalieri, Christina Hajinicolaou, Kathleen B. Schwarz, Elisa Carvalho, Nathalie Rock, Wikrom Karnsakul, Ruben E. Quiros-Tejeira, Seema Alam, Gabriella Nebbia, Yael Mozer-Glassberg, Pamela L. Valentino, Ermelinda Santos-Silva, Zerrin Önal, Antal Dezsofi-Gottl, Melina Melere, María Legarda Tamara, John Eshun, Aglaia Zellos, Giuseppe Indolfi, Maria Rogalidou, Niviann Blondet, Pier Luigi Calvo, Marisa Beretta, Andréanne N. Zizzo, Cigdem Arikan, Mureo Kasahara, Nanda Kerkar, Amal A. Aqul, Victorien M. Wolters, Raquel Borges Pinto, Jesus Quintero Bernabeu, Jennifer Garcia, Sabina Wiecek, Christos Tzivinikos, Quais Mujawar, Carolina Jimenez-Rivera, Cristina Molera Busoms, Cristina Gonçalves, Luis Bujanda, Global Alagille Alliance (Gala) Study Group

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

IMPORTANCE: Different degrees of growth delay have been reported in children with Alagille syndrome (ALGS), yet these patients are routinely evaluated using standard growth charts.

OBJECTIVE: To develop condition-specific growth charts for ALGS using modern statistical approaches.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This case series used data from the international, multicenter Global Alagille Alliance (GALA) study accrued between May 14, 2018, and March 20, 2023. Children born at full term between January 1, 1997, and August 31, 2019, with a clinically and/or genetically confirmed ALGS diagnosis and their native liver were included. Data from children with a known history of prematurity …

Availability, Healthiness And Sodium Content Of Packaged And Unpackaged Foods And Beverages In Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study, Adedayo E Ojo, Erica L Jamro, Iyer Guhan, Mark D Huffman, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Nigeria is experiencing a growing burden of diet-related non-communicable diseases, particularly hypertension and cardiovascular disease, largely driven by high sodium intake and poor diet quality. Unhealthy dietary patterns characterized by excessive sodium, sugars, and unhealthy fats, and low intake of essential nutrients contribute to approximately 31% of global deaths annually. However, there is limited data on the sodium content and nutritional quality of foods in Nigerian markets. This study assessed and compared the availability, healthiness, and sodium content of packaged and unpackaged foods in Nigerian markets.

METHODS: From August 2022 to December 2022, we collected and compared nutrition data …

Physical Activity And Molecular Subtypes Of Colorectal Cancer: A Pooled Observational Analysis And Mendelian Randomization Study, Christos V Chalitsios, Yin Cao, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Physical activity is associated with lower colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, but its association with molecular subtypes defined by genetic and epigenetic alterations of the disease is unclear. Such information may enhance the understanding of the mechanisms related to the benefits of physical activity.

METHODS: Pooled observational (cases: n = 5386; controls: n = 6798; studies n = 5) and genome-wide association data (cases: n = 8178; controls: n = 10 472; studies n = 5) were used. We used multivariable logistic regression models and Mendelian randomization to assess the association between physical activity and the risk of CRC subtypes …

Concerns Regarding The Standard Deviation Of Individual Responses For Assessing Treatment Response Heterogeneity, Aaron R Caldwell, David B Allison, Andrew W Brown, Gary L Gadbury, Thirupathi Reddy Mokalla, R Drew Sayer, Andrew D Vigotsky

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

The estimation of treatment response heterogeneity (TRH) is increasingly important as medicine moves toward personalized approaches. While various statistical methods have been proposed to quantify TRH in parallel-group trials, the standard deviation of individual responses (SDIR) has gained prominence within physiological research. This method is intended to quantify individual response variation by comparing standard deviations of change scores between intervention and control groups. We acknowledge that SDIR represents an improvement over many other flawed approaches that often involve responder counting. However, SDIR has critical limitations: 1) it cannot overcome the fundamental problem of causal inference because the correlation between potential …

Evaluating Interactions Between National And Subnational Governments In The Czech Republic For Physical Activity Policy Development And Implementation, Michael Pratt, Juliana Mejía-Grueso, Eugen Resendiz, Aleš Jakubec, Zdeněk Hamřík, Deborah Salvo, Andrea Ramírez Varela, Josef Mitáš

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Most countries now have physical activity (PA) policies but translating them into action at national and subnational levels remains poor. To better understand the disconnect, the "Interaction between National and Local Government Levels in Development and Implementation of Physical Activity Policies Tool" (INTEGRATE-PA-Pol) was developed by the Global Observatory for Physical Activity (GoPA!).

Methods: The Czech Republic was chosen as a European pilot site based on existing research capacity and relationships. The INTEGRATE-PA-Pol tool was translated and adapted for use in the country. This questionnaire-based tool has 8 components assessing government levels, political system, and sectors across the 5 …

Missing The Target: A Scoping Review Of The Use Of Percent Weight Loss For Obesity Management, Diana Sherifali, Megan Racey, Donna Fitzpatrick-Lewis, Michelle Greenway, Sanjeev Sockalingam, Jun Wada, Soo Huat Teoh, Ian Patton, David Macklin, Elizabeth F C Van Rossum, Luca Busetto, Deborah Bade Horn, J D Patricia Nece, Morgan Emile Gabriel Salmon Leguede, Nicole Pearce, Carel Le Roux, Jamy Ard, Angela S Alberga, Lee Kaplan, Arya M Sharma, Sean Wharton

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Introduction: To co-create comprehensive targets for obesity management, we need to understand the genesis and current use of percent weight loss targets in research. The goals of our scoping review are to (1) synthesize the literature on percent weight loss targets for adults with obesity and (2) discuss the percent weight loss targets in context with their health benefits.

Methods: We searched Cochrane, MEDLINE, and EMBASE for English language, pharmaceutical, and/or behavioral intervention studies in adults with obesity where the explicit aim of the study was weight reduction defined as a percent of body weight. Reviewers screened citations and extracted …

Albuminuria As A Diagnostic Criterion And A Therapeutic Target In Heart Failure And Other Cardiovascular Disease, Biykem Bozkurt, Patrick Rossignol, Joseph A Vassalotti

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The high disease burden and bidirectional relationship of chronic kidney disease (CKD), heart failure (HF) and other cardiovascular disease (CVD) necessitate the need for early diagnosis of these diseases. While current screening and detection methods are recommended by CKD and CVD guidelines, their adoption in practice is low. Urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) is recognized as a diagnostic marker for CKD and a prognostic marker for CKD progression, HF and CVD outcomes, therefore albuminuria changes have been accepted as a surrogate outcome for kidney and cardiovascular endpoints. Furthermore, clinical trials investigating guideline-directed medical therapies have shown that uACR reductions are accompanied …

A Rare Molecular Diagnosis In A Patient With Hepatocerebral Syndrome Contributes To The Expansion Of The Phenotypic Spectrum Of Polg2 -Related Mitochondrial Disorder, Vittoria Rossi, Dan Brooks, Hongzheng Dai, Elizabeth Mizerik, Karla Salazar, Daniel Davila-Williams, Yishay Ben-Moshe, Seema R Lalani, Sarah H Elsea, Charul Gijavanekar, Daryl A Scott, Keren Machol, Mir Reza Bekheirnia, Fernando Scaglia

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

POLG2 encodes an accessory subunit in DNA polymerase gamma that is required for mitochondrial DNA synthesis. Monoallelic pathogenic variants in POLG2 are associated primarily with progressive external ophthalmoplegia with mitochondrial DNA deletions, autosomal dominant type 4 (PEOA4, MIM #610131). We report a rare case of severe infantile hepatocerebral syndrome associated with biallelic variants in POLG2. The proband, a 5-week-old female infant, presented with seizures and acute liver failure. Extensive metabolic workup, including untargeted metabolomics analysis and elevated plasma growth differentiation factor 15, was suggestive of mitochondrial dysfunction. Rapid trio genome sequencing identified compound heterozygous variants, a likely pathogenic variant and …

From Pachymeningitis Hemorrhagica To Abusive Head Trauma: A Journey Through The Centuries, Oliver Berthold, Flora Blangis, Christopher Spencer Greeley

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The development of medical knowledge follows specific principles. These also apply to abusive head trauma. The seminal literature from the early 20th century is based on earlier research from Europe, which is fundamental to understand the evolution of understanding and nomenclature of abusive head trauma. A review of original medical literature on intracranial injuries in children, published in German, English, and French, was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar for articles before 1950. The primary search focused on subdural hemorrhages and pachymeningitis in children, followed by a snowball search of references. Full texts of available manuscripts were reviewed. Primary literature …

Pharmacological Treatment For Patients With Obesity And Heart Failure: Focus On Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists. European Journal Of Heart Failure Expert Consensus Document, Luca Monzo, Gianluigi Savarese, Wilfried Mullens, Amr Abdin, Biykem Bozkurt, Ovidiu Chioncel, Seif El Hadidi, Thomas M Gorter, Riccardo M Inciardi, Mark C Petrie, Gabriele G Schiattarella, Davide Stolfo, Marco Metra, Nicolas Girerd

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

There is growing clinical interest in strategies for improving clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure (HF) and obesity. The development of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) and of the dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP)/GLP-1 RA has expanded therapeutic options for this population. This expert consensus provides a comprehensive and pragmatic framework for the use of GLP-1 RAs and GIP/GLP-1 RA in patients with HF, focusing on clinical integration, patient selection, safety, and tolerability. We review the evidence supporting their use in patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), where clinical trials have demonstrated meaningful reductions in body …